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Foundations of Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks for Inclusive Higher Education
Foundations for inclusive higher education rest on integrating theories of equity, social justice, and universal design for learning. Theoretical frames illuminate how power, identity, and access shape student experiences, while conceptual models translate these insights into practice. Critical pedagogy emphasizes learner agency and emancipatory aims, challenging deficit narratives that constrain participation. Inclusive frameworks also draw on social constructivism, recognizing knowledge as co- constructed in diverse communities. Intersectionality illuminates how multiple identities interact to influence barriers, supports, and outcomes. Accessibility and accommodation converge to create adaptable curricula, assessments, and environments that reduce exclusion. Empirical and normative strands guide policy development, institutional change, and accountability measures. Ethical considerations center on respect for autonomy, privacy, and the dignity of every learner. Implementation requires leadership, collaborative governance, professional development, and datainformed adjustment. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Free Speech in the Age of Algorithms: Regulating Online Hate in India, Canada, and the United Kingdom
Online hate has increased while public conversation has expanded due to digital connectivity. This contrasts the laws governing hate speech online in the UK, Canada, and India. Canada strikes a compromise between equality and expression, India permits modest limits but issues with uneven enforcement, and the UK makes threatening or nasty online behavior illegal. Uncertain definitions, inconsistent enforcement, algorithmic dissemination, and the possibility of excessive censoring are some of the main obstacles. A harm- reduction model based on rights is put forth. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Moral Hazard in Capital Market: A Comprehensive Study
Moral hazard was originally a term used only in the field of insurance, but it has since entered capital markets, changing incentives and increasing systemic risk. This literature review confronts how information asymmetries, governance risk, and implicit guarantees create opportunism for managers, investors, and institutions. A systematic review of the existing literature that is reflected in 51 peer- reviewed articles reveals four themes: amplification of risk, misalignment of incentives, ethical governance, and institutional design. The review also identifies three major gaps: the neglect of the investor side, lack of consideration for the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) framework, and lack of methodological innovation. This paper calls on researchers from various disciplines to examine moral hazard to better develop the literature and construct a more robust market. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
The intersection of industrial policy and environmental regulation: Balancing growth and green goals
The interplay between industrial policy and environmental regulation is pivotal in achieving sustainable economic growth. While industrial policies promote economic expansion, job creation, and technological advancement, stringent environmental regulations ensure ecological preservation and climate resilience. However, conflicts often arise when growth-driven policies prioritize industrial expansion at the expense of environmental sustainability. This study explores the challenges and synergies at the intersection of industrial policy and environmental regulation, emphasizing strategies for harmonizing economic objectives with green goals. Through a comparative analysis of policy frameworks, regulatory mechanisms, and industry best practices, the research identifies pathways for fostering sustainable industrial development. The study highlights the role of innovation, public-private partnerships, and adaptive regulatory frameworks in aligning industrial expansion with environmental responsibility. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
The Importance of Oceans in Achieving Global Sustainability
Oceans regulate climate, support fisheries, and drive trade, yet they face pressures from pollution, warming, and overexploitation. Their vast ecosystems absorb carbon, stabilize weather, and provide habitats for countless species. Healthy seas underpin food security by supporting billions of people who rely on seafood for protein and livelihoods. Coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrasses buffer coastlines, protecting communities from storms and erosion while sustaining tourism and recreation. Ocean governance, science- based management, and regional cooperation are essential to curb illegal harvesting, reduce bycatch, and improve marine protected areas. Transitioning to sustainable fisheries, clean energy, and circular waste systems can relieve stress on marine habitats. Restoring coastal habitats enhances biodiversity, supports nutrient cycles, and sequesters carbon. Public awareness, equitable access to resources, and inclusive decision- making turn scientific insight into practical, long- term benefits for all nations. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Reframing Accountability for Human Trafficking Along the India-Bangladesh Border: A Securitization and Fragmented Governance Approach
This research investigates the persistence of human trafficking along the IndiaBangladesh border through the combined theoretical lenses of securitization and fragmented governance. While existing literature and policy frameworks often approach trafficking as an issue of migration management, social welfare, or criminal justice, this study argues that such interpretations inadequately address the structural and political dynamics that shape state responses. The research posits that the framing of trafficking as a national security threatrather than a social or human rights concernhas produced a system where accountability is diffuse, bureaucratic, and performative rather than substantive. Copyright 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global Scientific Publishing is prohibited. Use of this chapter to train generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is expressly prohibited. The publisher reserves all rights to license its use for generative AI training and machine learning model development. -
Breaking the Cycle of Child Labor in Dehradun: A Multidimensional Study on Causes and Challenges
Child labor remains a critical issue, particularly in developing nations like India, where millions of children are deprived of their right to education and safe childhood due to poverty, marginalization, and inadequate policy implementation. This study explores the underlying causes, occupational patterns, and harmful consequences of child labor in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. It highlights that children are primarily engaged in agriculture, domestic work, and small industries, often facing physical and mental exploitation. Despite existing legal frameworks and initiatives like the Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act and National Child Labor Projects, enforcement challenges persist. The study uses cross-sectional and triangulation methods to analyze data from 42 child laborers and suggests a holistic approach, including poverty alleviation, quality education, community empowerment, and rehabilitation services, as key to combating child labor. It emphasizes the need for multi-stakeholder participation to ensure child rights and reduce labor dependency among vulnerable families. Copyright 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global Scientific Publishing is prohibited. Use of this chapter to train generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is expressly prohibited. The publisher reserves all rights to license its use for generative AI training and machine learning model development. -
Sex Work and Caste Governance in India: Between Informal Regulation and Legal Apathy
Sex work in India occupies a paradoxical position tolerated in practice yet criminalized and morally condemned in law and society. However, this paradox is not merely a product of legal ambiguity; it is deeply entrenched in Indias historical caste hierarchies, gender norms, and systems of informal governance. This article critically interrogates the intersection of caste and sex work in India, focusing on how marginalized caste communities engaged in traditional and contemporary forms of sexual labor are governed not only by a punitive legal framework but, more insidiously, through caste-based informal regulation and entrenched social surveillance. The states neglect, combined with a moralized legal discourse, contributes to what this article terms legal apathy- a systemic failure to extend legal rights, protections, or recognition to sex workers, particularly those from oppressed caste locations. Copyright 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global Scientific Publishing is prohibited. Use of this chapter to train generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is expressly prohibited. The publisher reserves all rights to license its use for generative AI training and machine learning model development. -
Economic, Political, and Demographic Drivers of Social Isolation: Exploring the Role of Digital Literacy and Migration in Shaping Social Isolation - A Qualitative Study
This chapter examines the impact of migration and digital literacy on social isolation amongst workers. Migration can disrupt established social networks, making it challenging for an individual to establish and build new connections. The research employed a qualitative approach, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews with migrant workers residing in Bengaluru. The findings provide contextual information on the causes of social isolation and help acquire more knowledge on how migration and digital literacy relate and influence social isolation. It prioritises individual experience over statistical data, with an increased understanding of the drivers of social isolation. Advanced digital literacy, on the other hand, can reduce social isolation by enabling migrants to maintain connections with their immediate family, access information, and develop innovative social networks. The research study's findings had a significant impact on policies and employers, highlighting the importance of social integration and mental health. Copyright 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global Scientific Publishing is prohibited. Use of this chapter to train generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is expressly prohibited. The publisher reserves all rights to license its use for generative AI training and machine learning model development. -
Impact of AI on Students Mental Health and Well-Being
This chapter examines the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on students' mental health and well- being, addressing the urgent need for innovative solutions in response to escalating mental health challenges among this demographic. In recent years, mental health issues among students have surged due to a combination of factors, including increasing academic pressures, socio- economic disparities, and the pervasive influence of digital technologies. These challenges create a complex array of psychological and emotional difficulties that necessitate timely and effective interventions.AI technologies, particularly those leveraging natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML), are emerging as scalable and accessible tools for mental health support in educational settings. Unlike traditional therapeutic methods, which often face geographical, financial, and logistical constraints, AI-powered tools provide round- the- clock assistance to users, transcending barriers of time and location. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Artificial intelligence in education: A pathway to achieving SDG 4
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in education, offering innovative solutions to some of the most pressing challenges in the global education system. As the world strives to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 4 (Quality Education), AI offers significant potential to enhance educational access, equity, and quality. This chapter explores the intersection of AI and education with a focus on how AI can contribute to the achievement of SDG 4. The chapter examines the role of AI in personalizing learning, promoting equity and inclusion, enhancing teacher effectiveness, and fostering global collaboration for sustainability. AI's ability to deliver personalized learning experiences is one of its most significant contributions to education. Through adaptive learning platforms and intelligent tutoring systems, AI can tailor educational content to meet the unique needs of individual students, ensuring that learning is accessible and engaging for all. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
The Digital Pulse of Volunteerism: Tools That Drive Engagement and Impact
Volunteering has changedas a resultofthe digitalage, whichhas increased chances for involvement beyond time and location restrictions. In addition to assessing and enhancing social effect, this chapter examines the technological tools and platforms that help organizations recruit, engage, and retain volunteers. Using case studies and real-world examples, it looks at data-driven monitoring frameworks, gamification strategies, recruitment tools, and collaboration platforms. Issues like data privacy, the digital divide, and the dangers of relying too much on technology at the detriment of interpersonal relationships are also covered in the conversation. The chapter emphasizes how digital innovation can improve community participation and support long-lasting social change by fusing theoretical models with practical applications. Future trends and policy issues are discussed to help businesses create digital volunteer ecosystems that are ethical, inclusive, and productive. Copyright 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
TamilEnglish Machine Translation: A Comparative Analysis of Human and AI Renderings
This chapter explores the understudied challenges of TamilEnglish machine translation (MT), which is a field where most existing scholarship has focused on Western language pairs. It performs a comparative analysis of published translations of acclaimed Tamil authors such as Perumal Murugan, Ashokamitran, Jeyamohan, and Charu Nivedita with AI- generated translations produced by systems including ChatGPT, Grok, and AI Novel Translation. It explores issues of accuracy, fidelity, style, and cultural nuance. By examining how AI tools interpret and reproduce linguistic choices, syntax, and cultural particularities, it evaluates the extent to which AI can approximate human translation and highlights the role of post- editing in bridging gaps. The analysis not only identifies recurring errors but also suggests methods for refining human and AI translations for Tamil literary texts. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Investigating the factors influencing health equity
This chapter determines various determinants of global health and wellbeing in relation to the Third Sustainable Development Goal of ensuring "Good Health and Well-being." It investigates the contribution of cultural, environmental, systemic, and socio-economic factors to health outcomes and the expected international cooperation towards closing the gaps in the health of nations. In the chapter, a qualitative methodology has been followed based on secondary data in the form of two peer-reviewed literature pieces. From there, the synthesis has been done to find an overview of global healthcare governance structures, their effectiveness, and major challenges.The study shows that while mechanisms of global health care governance are rated as being moderately effective, wide gaps in funding, transparency, and equitable access to services persist. Respondents also showed the need for increased international collaboration, especially on social determinants of health and strengthening health systems in low-and middle-income countries. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
State-of-the-Art of AI-Driven Smart Technologies
Emergence as a transformative force has redefined the contours of technological innovation across industries and societies. AI-driven smart technologies-ranging from intelligent personal assistants and autonomous vehicles to predictive healthcare systems and smart infrastructure-have transitioned from futuristic concepts to integral components of everyday life. The convergence of other and 5G networks has accelerated intelligent capabilities, including perceiving, reasoning, learning, and real-time. These technologies are designed not merely to automate tasks but to personalize experiences, optimize utilization, and operational efficiencies across multiple domains. The rise of smart technologies is rooted in the rapid growth of algorithms, neural networks, cognitive computing, and autonomy. In the domain of consumer electronics, AI evolution is where thermostats work collaboratively to offer convenience, security, and energy efficiency. These systems can learn user preferences over time, automate routines, and alerts recommendations. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
AI-Driven Innovations in Soil Management, Crop Productivity, and Autonomous Agricultural Vehicles
The incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into agriculture is escalating significant transformations in essential areas like soil management, crop yield enhancement, and self-operating farming vehicles. This chapter examines the ways in which AI-driven tools-such as machine learning algorithms, remote sensing technologies, robotics, and autonomous systems-enhance decision-making processes, optimize resource utilization, and contribute to environmental sustainability. With AI, it is possible to carry out accurate diagnostics of soil health, predictive irrigation and fertilization, early detection of diseases, and real-time monitoring of crops. Moreover, AI-enabled self-driving vehicles are transforming the world of mechanized agriculture by providing efficient planting, spraying, and harvesting. This chapter offers a detailed examination of these innovations, assesses their practical uses, and deliberates on the consequences for farmers, researchers, and policymakers. It also underscores the ethical, infrastructural, and socio-economic challenges linked to the use of AI in agriculture. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Legal Perspective on Access to Medicines and Innovation: Balancing Right to Health With Patent Protection
This chapter examines the intricate legal and policy conflicts between the right to health and the global intellectual property system that regulates pharmaceutical patents. Although patents encourage innovation, they frequently result in obstacles to the affordable availability of essential medicines, especially in low-and middleincome countries. This chapter explores the legal bases of the right to health, the TRIPS Agreement along with its flexibilities, and investigates ways in which national and international legal structures can align the need for innovation with public health needs. Case studies from India, Brazil, and South Africa demonstrate the challenges and opportunities associated with reform. It also assesses different innovation models and provides legal and policy suggestions for reconciling patent law with human rights duties, especially regarding global health emergencies like COVID-19. It concludes by pinpointing future research avenues, such as legal strategies for addressing new biotechnologies and readiness for worldwide pandemics. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Local self-government in India: A critical analysis through the lens of democratic decentralization
Local Self-Government (LSG) existed in a variety of forms throughout India. LSG was seen as an effective form of day-to-day management and administration in rural areas in India. This ensured a democratic form of administration even during the time of monarchs. Although it had a setback during the Muslim and British rulers period, it continued to exist. Gandhi raised his voice for increased decentralization and self-rule of the villages. Although the Constitution did not provide such an option, many committees opined that the local governance should be entrusted to the local people. Accordingly, LSG got constitutional recognition through the 73rd and 74th Amendments in 1992. It provided a three-tier system of governance at the regional level as well. Using analytical and critical lenses, this chapter examines the functioning of the constitutionally established LSG model through the lens of democratic decentralization to expose how far it has achieved its objective. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Emerging Trends and Innovations in Cybersecurity Insurance Policy Customization Using Generative AI Fraud Detection
Generative AI is transforming policy customization and fraud detection. Cybersecurity insurance can be both a boon and a bane as the existing models for underwriting and assessment are relatively static in a world which is witnessing a constant escalation between attack and defense mechanisms. By assessing huge datasets, spotting emerging pattern and predicting potential vulnerabilities in real time, generative AI introduces dynamic risk modeling. Help insurers design hyperpersonalized cyber insurance products that are tailored to specific business profiles, operational risks and exposure levels to enhance coverage and premium accuracy. Generative AI helps in anomaly detection and identifying suspicious behaviour in insurance claims in fraud detection domain. Using legitimate claims scenarios to train AI model, fraud detection models can detect anomalies and fraud as never before. The intersection of expertise in cybersecurity, AI development and insurance will be key to creating strong,flexible and transparent insurance structures that can respond to the intricacies of today's cyber threats. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
AI-Driven Energy Efficiency in Buildings and Urban Environments
In buildings, AI-driven energy management systems (EMS) are revolutionizing the way energy is consumed. Smart building technologies equipped with AI can monitor environmental conditions, occupancy patterns, and equipment performance to fine-tune their operations, leveraging intensive machine learning to learn the preferences of building occupants and adapt accordingly to ensure comfort while minimizing energy use. Predictive maintenance, powered by AI, also contributes to energy efficiency by identifying equipment that operates inefficiently or is at risk of failure, enabling timely interventions that prevent energy waste. The industrial sector, a significant consumer of global energy, is another arena where AI is making remarkable strides in enhancing energy efficiency. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved.