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Detection of high-frequency pulsation in WR135: Investigation of stellar wind dynamics
We report the detection of high-frequency pulsations in WR 135 from short-cadence (10 minute) optical photometric and spectroscopic time series surveys. The harmonics up to the sixth order are detected from the integrated photometric flux variations, while the comparatively weaker eighth harmonic is detected from the strengths of the emission lines. We investigate the driving source of the stratified winds of WR 135 using the radiative transfer modeling code, CMFGEN, and find the physical conditions that can explain the propagation of such pulsations. From our study, we find that the optically thick subsonic layers of the atmosphere are close to the Eddington limit and are launched by the Fe opacity. The outer optically thin supersonic winds (Tross = 0.1 0.01) are launched by the He II and C IV opacities. The stratified winds above the sonic point undergo velocity perturbation that can lead to clumps. In the optically thin supersonic winds, dense clumps of smaller size (fVFF = 0.27 0.3, where fVFF is the volume filling factor) pulsate with higher-order harmonics. The larger clumps (fVFF = 0.2) oscillate with lower-order harmonics of the pulsation and affect the overall wind variability. 2024. The Author(s). -
Detection of Fraudulent Alteration of Bank Cheques Using Image Processing Techniques
In todays world illegal alteration and illegal modifications of authenticated financial documents is increasing rapidly as a fastest growing crimes around the world. The result of this kind of crimes may result in a huge financial loss. In this paper image processing and document image analysis techniques are used to examine such cases in order to identify the fraudulent bank cheques. However, it is very difficult to detect an alteration made on documents once the printing ink of alike color is employed. In this paper, alterations and modifications caused with handwritten ball point pen strokes are considered and proposed a technique for recognition of such types of corrections by employing standard techniques under Digital image processing and pattern recognition. The results are quite promising during the experiments conducted. 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Detection of Forest Fire Using Modified LSTM Based Feature Extraction with Waterwheel Plant Optimisation Algorithm Based VAE-GAN Model
A crucial natural resource that directly affects the ecology is forests. Forest fires have become a noteworthy problem recently as a result of both natural and man-made climatic changes. A smart city application that uses a forest fire discovery technology based on artificial intelligence is provided in order to prevent significant catastrophes. A major danger to the environment, animals, and human lives is posed by forest fires. The early detection and suppression of these fires is crucial. This work offers a thorough method for detecting forest fires using advanced deep learning (DL) algorithms. Preprocessing the forest fire dataset is the initial step in order to improve its relevance and quality. Then, to enable the model to capture the dynamic character of forest fire data, long short-term memory (LSTM) networks are used to extract useful feature from the dataset. In this work, weight optimisation in LSTM is performed using a Modified Firefly Algorithm (MFFA), which enhances the model's performance and convergence. The Variational Autoencoder Generative Adversarial Networks (VAEGAN) model is used to classify the retrieved features. Furthermore, every DL model's success depends heavily on hyperparameter optimisation. The hyperparameters of an VAEGAN model are tuned in this research using the Waterwheel Plant Optimisation Algorithm (WWPA), an optimisation technique inspired by nature. WPPA uses the idea of plant growth to properly tune the VAEGAN's parameters, assuring the network's peak fire detection performance. The outstanding accuracy (ACC) of 97.8%, precision (PR) of 97.7%, recall (RC) of 96.26%, F1-score (F1) of 97.3%, and specificity (SPEC) of 97.5% of the suggested model beats all other existing models, which is probably owing to its improved architecture and training techniques. Copyright: 2024 The authors. This piece is published by IIETA and is approved under the CC BY 4.0 license. -
Detection of fake opinions on online products using decision tree and information gain
Online reviews are one of the major factors for the customers to purchase any product or to get service from many sources of information that can be used to determine the public opinion on the products. Fake reviews will be published intentionally to drive the web traffic towards the particular products. These fake reviewers mislead the customers to distract the purchasers mind. Reviewers behaviors are extracted based the semantical analysis of his review content for the purpose of identifying the review as fake or not. In this work the reviews are extracted from the web for a particular product, along with the reviews of several other information related to the reviewers also been extracted to identify the fake reviewers using decision tree classifier and Information Gain.Significance of the features on the decision is validated using information gain. Experiments are conducted on exhaustive set of reviews extracted from the web and demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed approach. 2019 IEEE -
Detection of faces from video files with different file formats
Face detection is the primary approach of all fundamental problems of human computer interaction system (HCIS). This paper evaluates the performance of detection system on single face from stored videos that are stored in different file formats. Stored videos contain raw homemade datasets as well as ready-made datasets. This proposed work concludes detection percentage of face detection system in different video formats. The implementation is done in two phases. The raw homemade dataset is tested on.3gp,.avi,.mov,.mp4 and a ready-made dataset is tested on.wmv,.m4v,.asf,.mpg file formats. The coding part for face detection has been done in MATLAB R2013a. The detection of faces from video file was 72.79 % for homemade dataset and 82.78% for ready-made dataset. 2016 IEEE. -
Detection of DoS Attacks Using Machine Learning Based Intrusion Detection System
Conventional intrusion detection systems are not always sufficient due to the increasing sophistication and frequency of Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks. This work presents a novel solution to this problem by leveraging machine learning techniques to increase the precision and efficacy of real-time intrusion detection. The system keeps a careful eye on network traffic patterns, looking for any irregularities that would point to a denial-of-service attack. An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) that utilizes machine learning technologies - specifically, neural networks and support vector machines - allows for real-time adaptation to new attack patterns. A combination of rigorous simulations and real-world testing provides empirical support for the IDS's quick detection and mitigation of DoS threats. This initiative makes a major contribution to the development of cybersecurity defenses. 2024 IEEE. -
Detection of Disease in Mango Trees Using Color Features of Leaves
The goal has been to detect disease in mango trees. This paper compares different approaches to extract color features and check the accuracy and applicability for mango trees. The paper proposes variations which helped in increasing the accuracy of features extracted for mango trees: firstly, a customized method of splitting leaf into layers while doing K-means clustering, and secondly, segmenting the region of interest to blocks to help in applying statistical functions more accurately over a region. 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Detection of cyber crime based on facial pattern enhancement using machine learning and image processing techniques
Cybercrime has several antecedents, including the rapid expansion of the internet and the wide variety of users around the world. It is now possible to use this data for a variety of purposes, whether for profit, non-profit, or purely for the benefit of the individual. As a result, tracing and detecting online acts of terrorism requires the development of a sound technique. Detection and prevention of cybercrime has been the subject of numerous studies and investigations throughout the years. An effective criminal detection system based on face recognition has been developed to prevent this from happening. Principle component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) algorithms can be used to identify criminals based on facial recognition data. Quality, illumination, and vision are all factors that affect the efficiency of the system. The goal of this chapter is to improve accuracy in the facial recognition process for criminal identification over currently used conventional methods. Using proposed hybrid model, we can get the accuracy of 99.9.5%. 2022, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Detection of colorectal cancer using dilated convolutional network via Raman spectra
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Early detection plays a crucial role in improving patient outcomes and reducing mortality rates. In recent years, Raman spectroscopy has emerged as a promising tool for non-invasive cancer detection. This research introduces a new method for identifying colorectal cancer (CRC). It combines Raman spectroscopy, a technique that analyzes the molecular fingerprint of tissues, with a powerful deep learning algorithm called a dilated convolutional network (DCN). By combining these two tools, the researchers aim to improve the accuracy and reliability of diagnosing CRC. Intraoperative diagnostics and pathology need to distinguish tumors from normal tissues. This proposal explores Raman spectroscopy as a new surgical tool for identifying colorectal cancer during surgery. Raman spectroscopy offers a way to directly analyze the makeup of tissue, potentially revealing the presence of cancer. However, surrounding tissue can create background interference, making it difficult to detect the key signal. The authors suggest that high-quality data from Raman spectroscopy combined with advanced deep learning algorithms could be a solution to overcome this challenge. We collect a large Raman spectroscopy dataset from 26 colorectal cancer patients with Raman shifts from 385 to 1545 cm-1. Second, dilated convolutional networks classify colorectal cancer tumour tissues. Following the deep learning model's output, we proceed by visualizing and analyzing the identified fingerprint peaks. Our deep learning algorithm exceeds previous colorectal cancer detection methods with 99.1% accuracy. Colorectal cancer detection using Raman spectra is unique. Our ensemble DCN could classify colorectal tumour and normal tissue Raman spectra. 2024 Author(s). -
Detection of carbapenem resistance genes and cephalosporin, and quinolone resistance genes along with oqxAB gene in Escherichia coli in hospital wastewater: A matter of concern
Aims: This study was performed to detect the presence of Escherichia coli resistant to cephalosporins, carbapenems and quinolones in hospital wastewater. Methods and Results: Wastewaters from a rural (H1) and an urban (H2) hospital were tested for E.coli resistant to cephalosporins, carbapenem and quinolones. Genes coding for chromosomal and plasmid-mediated resistance and phylogenetic grouping was detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for genetic relatedness by rep-PCR. Of 190 (H1=94; H2=96) E.coli examined, 44% were resistant to both cephalosporins and quinolones and 3% to imipenem. ESBLs were detected phenotypically in 96% of the isolates, the gene blaCTX-M coding for 87% and blaTEM for 63%. Quinolone resistance was due to mutations in gyrA and parC genes in 97% and plasmid-coded aac-(6?)-Ib-cr in 89% of isolates. Only in one carbapenem-resistant E.coli, NDM-1 was detected. Nearly 67% of the isolates belonged to phylogenetic group B2. There was no genetic relatedness among the isolates. Conclusions: Hospital wastewater contains genetically diverse multidrug-resistant E.coli. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study stresses the need for efficient water treatment plants in healthcare settings as a public health measure to minimize spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria into the environment. 2014 The Society for Applied Microbiology. -
Detection of breast cancer in mammography images using intelligent models
Amongst the several cancer types, incidence of breast cancer is the highest in women. Breast cancer can be diagnosed and treated effectively through various screening methods and computer-aided detection systems (CADs). However, conventional computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) programs for detecting potential cancers on mammograms are lacking diagnostic accuracy and require upgradation. The advances in machine learning, particularly with the use of deep (multi-layered) convolutional neural networks, have allowed artificial intelligence to create a transformation in CAD that has improved models' prediction quality. The outline of this chapter includes a structured method for predicting presenting breast cancer stages, identification, segmentation and classification of lesions, and breast density assessment using the current technological models which includes artificial intelligence, deep learning, and machine learning. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Detection of Alzheimers Disease Stages Based on Deep Learning Architectures from MRI Images
Acquiring, utilizing and storing information of any sort is known as memory. The power of memory makes the life of mankind to be more alive and reasonable. Thus, the loss of one such great capability is a rather painful phase of human life which can be destructed by multiple reasons such as diseases and disorders. One such disease is Alzheimers disease (AD). Alzheimers disease progressively damages brain cells and degrades mental activity that leads to mental illness. The accurate diagnosis of AD at earlier stages will help to prevent the disease before the brain gets damaged completely. In analyzing neurodegenerative disorders, neuroimaging plays an important role in diagnosing subjects with AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and cognitively normal (CN). In this study, advanced deep learning (DL) architectures with brain imaging techniques were employed to maximize the diagnostic accuracy of the model developed. The proposed method works with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to analyze the MRI input-output modalities. The method is evaluated using Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset. Binary classification is done on AD and MCI subjects from CN. This method is efficient to analyze multiple classes with a less amount of training data. 2023 selection and editorial matter, Jyotismita Chaki; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Detection of a new sample of Galactic white dwarfs in the direction of the Small Magellanic Cloud
Aims. In this study, we demonstrate the efficacy of the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) in identifying and characterizing white dwarfs (WDs) within the Milky Way Galaxy. Methods. Leveraging the UVIT point-source catalogue towards the Small Magellanic Cloud and cross-matching it with Gaia DR3 data, we identified 43 single WDs (37 new detections), 13 new WD+main-sequence candidates, and 161 UV bright main-sequence stars by analysing their spectral energy distributions. Using the WD evolutionary models, we determined the masses, effective temperatures, and cooling ages of these identified WDs. Results. The masses of these WDs range from 0.2 to 1.3 M? and the effective temperatures (Teff) lie between 10 000 K to 15 000 K, with cooling ages spanning 0.1-2 Gyr. Notably, we detect WDs that are hotter than reported in the literature, which we attribute to the sensitivity of UVIT. Furthermore, we report the detection of 20 new extremely low-mass candidates from our analysis. Future spectroscopic studies of the extremely low-mass candidates will help us understand the formation scenarios of these exotic objects. Despite limitations in Gaia DR3 distance measurements for optically faint WDs, we provide a crude estimate of the WD space density within 1kpc of 1.3 10-3 pc-3, which is higher than previous estimates in the literature. Conclusions. Our results underscore the instrumental capabilities of UVIT and anticipate forthcoming UV missions such as INSIST for systematic WD discovery. Our method sets a precedent for future analyses in other UVIT fields to find more WDs and perform spectroscopic studies to verify their candidacy. The Authors 2024. -
Detection and Robust Classification of Lung Cancer Disease Using Hybrid Deep Learning Approach
Effective lung cancer diagnosis and treatment hinge on the early detection of lung nodules. Various techniques, such as thresholding, pattern recognition, computer-aided diagnostics, and backpropagation calculations, have been explored by scientists. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have emerged as powerful tools in recent times, revolutionizing many aspects of this field. However, traditional computer-aided detection systems face challenges when categorizing lung nodule detection. Excessive reliance on classifiers at every stage of the process results in diminished recognition rates and an increased occurrence of false positives. To address these issues, we present a novel approach based on deep hybrid learning for classifying lung lesions. In this study, we explore multiple memory-efficient and hybrid deep neural network (DNN) architectures for image processing. Our proposed hybrid DNN significantly outperforms the current state-of-the-art, achieving an impressive accuracy of 95.21%, all while maintaining a balanced trade-off between specificity and sensitivity. The primary focus of this research is to differentiate between CT scans of patients who have early-stage lung cancer and those who do not. This is achieved by utilizing binary classification networks, including standard CNN, SqueezeNet, and MobileNet. 2023 IEEE. -
Detection and localization for watermarking technique using LSB encryption for DICOM Image
Watermarking is an effective way of transferring hidden data from one place to another, or proving ownership of digital content. The hidden data can be text, audio, images GIF etc., the data is embedded in a cover object usually an image or a video sequence. Usually the watermarking system(s) rely on their hidden aspect, as their primary security measure, once this is established that the cover object is counting some hidden data, then it is generally possible to recover the hidden information. The author proposed an in-genuine technique for DICOM color image water marking by combining Multi Quadrant LSB with truly random mixed key cryptography. This system provides a high level of security by just the water marking technique, as it breaks the cover image into up to four quadrants, & does LSB replacement of two bytes each quadrant. The bit sequence as the quadrant sequence can be randomized to increase the randomness, use of truly random mixed key cryptography, by using a pre shared, variable length, truly random, private key, turns hidden data into noise, which can only be recovered by having the private key. Thus, the proposed technique truly diminishes the probability of recovering hidden data, even if it is detected that something is hidden in cover object. 2022 Taru Publications. -
Detection and identification of un-uniformed shape text from blurred video frames
The identification and recognition of text from video frames have received a lot of attention recently, that makes many computer vision-based applications conceivable. In this study, we modify the picture mask and the original identification of the mask region convolution neural network and permit detection in three levels, including holistic, sequence, and at the level of pixels. To identify the texts and determine the text forms, semantics at the pixel and holistic levels can be used. With masking and detection, existences of the character and the word are separated and recognised. In addition, text detection using the results of 2-D feature space instance segmentation is done. Moreover, we explore text recognition using an attention-based optical character recognition (OCR) method with mask region convolution neural networks (R-CNN) to address and detect the problem of smaller and blurrier texts at the sequential level. Using attribute maps of the word occurrences in sequence to seq, the OCR method calculates the character sequence. At last, a fine-grained learning strategy is proposed to constructs models at word level using the annotated datasets, resulting in the training of a more precise and reliable model. The well-known benchmark datasets ICDAR 2013 and ICDAR 2015 are used to test our suggested methodology. 2024, Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. -
Detection and Classification of Thoracic Diseases in Medical Images using Artificial Intelligence Techniques: A Systematic Review
Artificial Intelligence is at the leading edge of innovation and is developing very fast. In recent studies, it has played a progressive and vital role in Computer-Aided Diagnosis. The chest is one of the large body parts of human anatomy and contains several vital organs inside the thoracic cavity. Furthermore, chest radiographs are the most commonly ordered and globally used by physicians for diagnosis. An automated, fast, and reliable detection of diseases based on chest radiography can be a critical step in radiology workflow. This study presents the conduction and results of a systematic review investigating Artificial Intelligence Techniques to identify Thoracic Diseases in Medical Images. The systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. The research articles published in English were filtered based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Electrochemical Society -
Detection and Classification of Potholes in Indian Roads Using Wavelet Based Energy Modules
Maintenance of roads is one the major challenge in the developed countries. The well maintained roads always indicates the economy of the whole country. The heavy use of roads, environmental conditions and maintenance is not performed regularly that leads the formation of potholes which causes the accidents and unwanted traffics. The paper discuss about the detection of potholes based on wavelet energy field. The proposed method mainly includes three phases (A)Wavelet energy filed is constructed in order to detect the image by using geometric criteria and morphological processing (B)Extracting Region of intersect by edge based segmentation technique (C)Classifying the potholes using Neural Network. 2019 IEEE. -
Detection and Classification of Colorectal Polyp Using Deep Learning
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the third most dangerous cancer in the world and also increasing day by day. So, timely and accurate diagnosis is required to save the life of patients. Cancer grows from polyps which can be either cancerous or noncancerous. So, if the cancerous polyps are detected accurately and removed on time, then the dangerous consequences of cancer can be reduced to a large extent. The colonoscopy is used to detect the presence of colorectal polyps. However, manual examinations performed by experts are prone to various errors. Therefore, some researchers have utilized machine and deep learning-based models to automate the diagnosis process. However, existing models suffer from overfitting and gradient vanishing problems. To overcome these problems, a convolutional neural network- (CNN-) based deep learning model is proposed. Initially, guided image filter and dynamic histogram equalization approaches are used to filter and enhance the colonoscopy images. Thereafter, Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) is used to efficiently detect and classify colorectal polyps from colonoscopy images. Finally, fully connected layers with dropouts are used to classify the polyp classes. Extensive experimental results on benchmark dataset show that the proposed model achieves significantly better results than the competitive models. The proposed model can detect and classify colorectal polyps from the colonoscopy images with 92% accuracy. 2022 Sushama Tanwar et al. -
Detection and Behavioral Analysis of Preschoolers with Dyscalculia
Human behaviours are influenced by various factors that might impact their thought process. The way human beings response in situations have a strong connection with genetic makeup, cultural values and experiences from the past. Behaviour Analysis discusses the effect of human response to external/internal stimuli. This study helps in understanding behaviour changes among individuals suffering from various psychological disorders. Dyscalculia is one similar type of learning disorder [LD] which is commonly found among individuals and goes undetected for years. It is a lifelong condition which causes difficulty for people to perform mathematics-related tasks. Dyscalculia is quite eminent at every age. Since the symptoms are prominent from a young age, it can be detected at the earliest. Dyscalculia has no medical treatment but can be minimized by getting involved in some brain exercises especially created for children with Learning Disabilities. The chapter deals with minor research and the behaviour analysis for the above-mentioned disorder among pre-schoolers. In this chapter, a study of the behavioural patterns of pre-schoolers with dyscalculia is performed. This chapter also attempts to propose a model that can detect and predict the possibility of a child suffering from dyscalculia. It also includes a number of brain training activities that can help them to improve and enhance their confidence in mathematics. 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.