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Breast cancer detection: A comparative review on passive and active thermography
Breast cancer is the main cause of death among women due to cancer. Early detection is crucial in controlling the disease. Thermography is a non-invasive imaging method that uses temperature differences on the breast surface to identify tumors. This paper focuses on the various aspects of thermography as a diagnostic tool for detecting breast cancer. It includes a review of the currently existing active thermography approaches used to energize the tumor cell to enhance the thermal contrast on the surface. The comparison of passive and active thermography showed that active thermography was more effective, increasing depth-dependent performance from 3 mm to 9 mm for 1.5 mm sized tumors and accuracy from 54% to 82% without a rise in false positive rates. The contrast between malignant and benign tissue also improved from 0.6 C to 0.9 C, indicating that active thermography increases the performance of passive thermography in various aspects. A comparative study of active thermography reveals that healthy tissues are likely to be damaged if the input parameters are not regulated properly. A comprehensive comparison of various tumor estimation algorithms in the paper concludes that the dynamic analysis using an active approach outperforms static analysis due to a significant decrease in error percentage. 2023 Elsevier B.V. -
Emerging Nanomaterials as Versatile Nanozymes: A New Dimension in Biomedical Research
The enzyme-mimicking nature of versatile nanomaterials proposes a new class of materials categorized as nano-enzymes, ornanozymes. They are artificial enzymes fabricated by functionalizing nanomaterials to generate active sites that can mimic enzyme-like functions. Materials extend from metals and oxides to inorganic nanoparticles possessing intrinsic enzyme-like properties. High cost, low stability, difficulty in separation, reusability, and storage issues of natural enzymes can be well addressed by nanozymes. Since 2007, more than 100 nanozymes have been reported that mimic enzymes like peroxidase, oxidase, catalase, protease, nuclease, hydrolase, superoxide dismutase, etc. In addition, several nanozymes can also exhibit multi-enzyme properties. Vast applications have been reported by exploiting the chemical, optical, and physiochemical properties offered by nanozymes. This review focuses on the reported nanozymes fabricated from a variety of materials along with their enzyme-mimicking activity involving tuning of materials such as metal nanoparticles (NPs), metal-oxide NPs, metalorganic framework (MOF), covalent organic framework (COF), and carbon-based NPs. Furthermore, diverse applications of nanozymes in biomedical research are discussed in detail. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
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Automated Single Responsibility Principle Enforcement: A Step Toward Reusable and Maintainable Code
In this study, we delve into the sphere of automated code scrutiny, specifically concentrating on compliance with the single responsibility principle (SRP), a key principle in software architecture. The SRP proposes that a class should have a singular reason for modification, thereby enhancing code cohesion and facilitating its maintenance and reusability. The study presents a pioneering system that utilizes a holistic strategy to ascertain SRP compliance within code. This system rigorously inspects code interfaces, the interaction points among various software components. Through this process, we extract critical insights into the codes maintainability and reusability. An optimally designed interface can significantly improve code management and foster its reuse, leading to superior software design efficiency. Beyond interface inspection, our system also explores complexity metrics such as cyclomatic complexity and hassel volume. Cyclomatic complexity offers a numerical indicator of the count of linearly independent paths traversing a programs source code, serving as a measure of code complexity. Hassel volume is an additional metric that can quantify code complexity. Moreover, our system employs code smell detection methodologies to identify instances of high interdependence between classes, often a sign of SRP breaches. High interdependence, or tight coupling, complicates code modification and maintenance. The system integrates the conclusions from these varied analyses to determine SRP compliance. The outcomes of this investigation highlight a hopeful trajectory toward automated SRP detection. This could provide developers with tools that proactively foster the development of well-organized and maintainable code, thereby enhancing software design quality. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial studies of novel Schiff bases and their complexes
Novel Schiff bases, Furan-2-carboxylic acid pyridin-4-ylmethyleneamide, and Thiophene-2-carboxylic acid 1H-indol-2-ylmethyleneamide and their mononuclear Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, UV-visible, FT-IR, 1H NMR and EPR spectroscopy. The complexes are non-electrolytes as evidenced from the molar conductance vaules. The ligands and their complexes have been tested for their antimicrobial activity against one gram positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and fungi Candida albicans. It is found that metal complexes exhibited more activity than the free ligand. 2021 Scientific Publishers. All rights reserved. -
Forbidden Cravings: Exploring socio-cultural ramifications of food practices in Aamis
Food choices represent conscious affirmation and expression of personal, group, ethnic or national identity. Due to its multidimensional role, food that we rely on sustenance is often politicised and used as a tool to create conflict amongst and within diverse social groups. Assamese cuisine includes a rich platter of authentic food varieties, often limited to the north-eastern region. Although food consumption is a subjective experience, cultural taboos within a community might be acceptable practices in another culture, creating conflicting notions of food practices. The balance between the twin axis of culture and politics regarding food is disrupted when heterogeneous cultural patterns and opposing political notions are in discord. Similarly, the solidarity within a cultural group becomes hostile when the authority of the individual concerning food choices is not aligned with the authority of the social structure. This discord from a political and cultural standpoint is evident in the Assamese socio-cultural scenario. Taking Bhaskar Hazarika's Ravening/Aamis (2019) as a case study, this paper proposes to analyse the representational troupe of food, through a structuralist anthropological lens, with respect to food politics to understand socio-cultural ramifications of Assamese food patterns. 2022 Aesthetics Media Services. All rights reserved. -
Generalized p-Transmuted Neutrosophic Distributions: Theory and its Applications
The study of neutrosophy offers a fresh approach for handling uncertain data with adaptability. This article explores the application of neutrosophic probability distribution in constructing a transmuted neutrosophic framework. Specifically, it introduces a generalized transmuted neutrosophic distribution. Building upon this generalization, quadratic and cubic transmuted distributions are developed and examined alongside certain lifetime distributions serving as foundational neutrosophic models. Additionally, an empirical investigation is conducted to assess the practicality and versatility of these distributions in real-world contexts. 2024, American Scientific Publishing Group (ASPG). All rights reserved. -
Effectiveness of promotional strategies of media meet 2014: A case study /
Media Meet is a national level annual fest conducted by the Department of Media Studies, Christ University, Bengaluru since 2010. Media Meet provides a platform to bridge the gap between professions and students in the domain of media. Media Meet is covered by various regional and national media houses. -
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Computer Vision Based Indian Sign Language Recognition Using Deep Learning
Speech is a human default and unique modality for language development and communication which is essential for memory and overall cognitive development. Excellency in language permits a child to be extrovert enriching the development of cognitive and psychosocial skills; whereas, for auditory deprived children, the misalignment of the brain and ear makes them impotent to communicate with the society which creates a central dogma that hearing-loss is a disability which further ignores their psycho-social identity. To fill such gaps and make their community more freewheeling in India, Indian Sign Language (ISL) - a complete language with its own linguistic and verbal elements was framed. Though ISL is appropriate and absolute in every linguistic approach, lack of prerequisite and proficiency enforces dedicated teachers to teach the curriculum through contrived signs for the sake of convenience that not only diminishes the distinctiveness of ISL but also dislodges the idea of learning their mother tongue. This creates an imbalance in the analogous learning of communication and curriculum language. In order to balance the level in learning, effective vision-based days of the week ISL model is developed through Convolution Neural Network (CNN) architecture which boasts independent learning of ISL. The proposed model comprises of six stages: dataset creation, preprocessing, splitting dataset into train, validation and test, applying various types of image augmentation techniques according to split, constructing CNN model for feature extraction and classification and finally evaluating the result through evaluation measures. Initially, an image dataset is created as there is a scarcity of standard ISL datasets in internet sources. The images are created on vision-based technique to avoid of carrying additional superfluous hardware gadgets for human computer interaction. -
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Development and validation of an intimate relationship security scale
Relationships form an integral part of our lives, a key function being attachment. While newlineromantic relationships have mainly been studied with attachment theories as the basis,collectivistic cultures like India emphasize on togetherness more than individualism. To understand and measure security in any intimate relationship, a tool was developed, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methods. An initial thematic analysis helped develop a basic model of relationship security that guided item generation. Items were developed to help newlinemeasure the newly operationalized construct, using stakeholders, literature review and social media. 520 participants, including both, marital and pre-marital and 7 experts, helped cut down the 206 item pool to (in the first phase of data collection) to 84 items. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted the second time on a sample of 486 participants that further narrowed down the scale to 58 items. The final confirmatory factor analysis, using SPSS AMOS, involved data collected from 408 participants. Validity, Reliability analysis and norms were developed for the final scale of 43 items. -
An artificial intelligence based smart cap with voice assistant for blind person /
Patent number: 202241013502, Applicant: Dr. Aruna S K.
People who are completely blind or have reduced eyesight confront numerous challenges while navigating. Every day, they face a variety of challenges, particularly in terms of mobility. Several systems have been developed to assist visually impaired people and improve their quality of life. This invention helps the blind to navigate independently using smart cap. It enables visually impaired people to see the world by voice assistance. It enables the blind and visually impaired to navigate freely by allowing them to experience their surroundings through audio output that describes the identified things. -
Modulated rayleigh-benard ferroconvection in couple stress fluid
Ferromagnetic fluid with couple stress confined between two stress-free, isothermal horizontal plates is considered in this study. The effect of different types of modulation on Rayleigh-Bard convection in a ferromagnetic fluid with couple stress is examined by considering sinusoidal (sine) and non-sinusoidal (square, triangular, and sawtooth) wave types of modulation. Rayleigh- Bard convection in a ferromagnetic fluid with couple stress subjected to gravity, rotation, temperature, and internal heat modulation is discussed by performing linear and non-linear analyses. The expression for the critical Rayleigh number and the correction Rayleigh number are deduced using the Venezian approach. The effect of gravity, rotation, temperature and internal heat modulation on heat transport is studied using the generalized Lorenz model. The effect of various parameters on the onset of convection and heat transport is studied. The ferromagnetic parameters hasten the convection onset and enhance the heat transfer under various modulations. The results of a Newtonian fluid, ferromagnetic fluid, and couple stress fluid is obtained as the limiting cases of this study. -
Modulated Rayleigh-benard ferroconvection in couple stress fluid
Ferromagnetic fluid with couple-stress confined between two stress-free, isothermal horizontal plates is considered in this study. The effect of different types of modulation on Rayleigh-Bénard convection in a ferromagnetic fluid with couple-stress is examined by considering sinusoidal (sine) and non-sinusoidal (square, triangular, and sawtooth) wave type of modulation. Rayleigh-Bénard convection in a ferromagnetic fluid with couple-stress subjected to gravity, rotation, temperature, and internal heat modulation is discussed by performing linear and non-linear analyses. The effect of various parameters on the onset of convection and heat transport is studied. The ferromagnetic parameters hasten the convection onset and enhance the heat transfer under various modulations. The results of a Newtonian fluid, ferromagnetic fluid, and couple-stress fluid are obtained as the limiting cases of this study. -
Study of Classical Be Stars in Open Clusters in the Galaxy
Classical Be stars (CBe) in open clusters older than 100 Myr are identifed. The objective is to study their characteristics relating to age, spectral type and evolutionary state. This study compliments with that of Mathew et al. (2008), where they identifed and characterized emission-line stars in open clusters younger than 100 Myr. For this research, we surveyed a sample of newline71 open clusters older than 100 Myr using the slitless spectroscopy technique, with the Himalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT). From the survey we identifed 15 CBe stars from the 11 open clusters older than 100 Myr. Out of 15 CBe stars, 13 CBe stars show Hand#945; in emission. Among these CBe stars, TYC 2679-432-1 is a new detection, belonging to Berkeley 50 open newlinecluster. Two more CBe stars, out of 15 CBe stars, are found to exhibit Hand#945; in absorption for the frst time. This suggests that they might be passing through a disc-loss episode (or transient phase). Apart from our survey of 71 old open clusters, we found additional 16 Be stars from 6 open clusters older than 100 Myr in the literature (which was not observed in the slitless survey due to observation limitations). In addition to HFOSC instrument mounted on HCT, we used Opto Mechanics Research (OMR) spectrograph newlinemounted on 2.3-m Vainu Bappu Telescope (VBT) for taking the slit spectra of CBe stars. We performed the optical spectroscopy of 16 classical Be stars in 11 open clusters older than 100 Myr. Among these 16 stars, 15 newlinewere identifed from our previous slitless spectroscopic study. The remaining one, LS III +47 37b is a new detection, which is confrmed through the present study. Our analysis also suggests that one out of these 16 stars, [KW97] 35-12 might be a weak Hand#945; emitter in nature showing Hand#945; EW of -0.5 Moreover, it is found that the Hand#945; EW for 15 stars is lt -40 in agreement with previous works. Interestingly, we did not observe any FeII emission line or even the OI 8446 emission feature in any of our sample stars. -
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Influence of behavioural traits on investment decisions
Behavioural traits exhibited by individual investors play a vital role in the investment decisions made by the investor. In this research, the researcher has identified the different behavioural traits shown by different individual investors by their unique characteristics. The study was conducted on a sample size of 811 individual investors from different parts of Bengaluru. The study classified the investment decisions into four aspects and also identified whether investment decisions vary significantlly due to demographic factors. The study further developed a model which explains the linkages between behavioural traits to investment attitude and investment attitude to investment decisions. Review of literature revealed that there exists a gap in the studies in behavioural finance showing the linkages between an investor's behavioural traits and investment attitude and investment decisions. Even though many research happened to identify the personality traits of individual investors, no significant attempt was made to study the linkage between behavioural traits on investment decisions. In this study, an attempt was made to show how individual investors behavioural traits can affect the investment attitude and how investment attitude can affect the investment decision of an individual investor. Result of the study indicated that behavioural traits influences the investment decisions of individual investors. The model developed in the study also proved a linkage between behavioural traits , investment attitude and investment decisions of individual investors with the moderating effect of demograpic factors. -
A low cost and high actuation speed 3D printed prosthetic arm /
Patent Number: 202241047867, Applicant: Sujatha A K. -
Attention based sentence classification using term frequency-inverse document frequency and n-gram /
Patent Number: 202241048840, Applicant: Nagendra N.
Attention Based Sentence Classification Using Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and N-Gram On an e-commerce platform, products sold have critical and varying reviews from buyers which are difficult to analyze considering the hugenumber of reviews. The proposed model aspect extraction helps in categorizing sentence accurately.