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A model to predict the influence of inconsistencies in Thermal Barrier Coating ( TBC) thicknesses in pistons of IC engines /
Materials Today Proceedings, Vol.5, Issue 5, Part 2, pp.12623-12631 -
Quality and Security Assurance Workload Scheduling in Heterogeneous Cloud Environment
The adoption of cloud computing has transformed how businesses manage their workloads, offering flexibility and efficiency. This study introduces a novel model that leverages trust mechanisms to ensure secure workload execution within heterogeneous cloud environments. The primary objective of this research was to enhance efficiency by reducing both time and energy consumption associated with executing workloads. The proposed model's efficacy was assessed through the examination of Montage and Inspiral workloads. The evaluation encompassed two smaller tasks from both Montage and Inspiral workloads, in addition to one larger task. To gauge performance, a comparative analysis was conducted between the proposed model and established models such as Energy Minimized Scheduling (EMS), Efficient Replanning (ERP), and Evolutionary Computing Workload Scheduling (EC-WSC). The findings reveal that the proposed model outperforms the existing models in terms of mitigating both time and energy expenditure for the considered workloads. 2023 IEEE. -
Research on secure workload execution scheme in heterogeneous cloud environment
The increasing demand for the hardware, software and infrastructure is playing a big role in the information technology domain towards the need of customers specific requirements. Cloud computing is a major backbone for providing such services over the internet. It includes the services such as applications, storage, network, scalability, sharing, virtualization, confidentiality, security, authentication, and integrity. A large number of data intensive workflow applications uses heterogeneous cloud environment for communication and computation operation. An intruder/attacker will utilize these environments for their benefit by flooding malicious links, unwanted information and others. In cloud environment, detecting a malicious device/packet during workflow execution is a critical and challenging task. The various workflow method with security, service level agreement (SLA) and quality of service (QoS) have been modelled in recent time; However, these models are not efficient in detecting malicious users and maintaining high level of QoS or workflow applications. This article focus is on addressing research future direction, issues and challenges of work in meeting secure and efficient workflow execution model for heterogeneous cloud environment. 2023 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. -
An intelligent secure and efficient workflow scheduling (SEWS) model for heterogeneous cloud computing environment
This study recognizes the critical role of the cloud computing platform in scientific workflow applications yet identifies vulnerabilities in existing cloud workflow systems, such as information leaks, unauthorized access, and compromised data integrity during task scheduling. Mainly, attackers exploit the lack of security for intermediate-level task information. To address these security threats, this work introduces the secure and efficient workflow scheduling (SEWS) model for heterogeneous cloud computing environments. The SEWS model identifies malicious attacks on all workflow tasks and focuses explicitly on safeguarding intermediary data. The SEWS model employs intelligent techniques to enhance security and introduces a comprehensive metric to measure the security of workflow tasks, considering factors like integrity, confidentiality, and availability. Beyond security improvements, the SEWS model aims to elevate the overall quality of service (QoS) in workflow scheduling applications. This includes reducing simulation time, enhancing overall power efficiency, and minimizing average energy consumption. Results: Results from the SEWS model demonstrate substantial improvements over the energy-minimized scheduling (EMS) model, with a reduction of 79.41% in average simulation time, 87.92% in average power sum, 41.35% in average power average, and 89.62% in average energy consumption. These findings underscore the SEWS models effectiveness in providing enhanced security and improved QoS in cloud workflow scheduling. The overarching goal of this work is to contribute to developing a more secure and efficient cloud workflow scheduling system, aligning with the increasing demands for robust security measures and optimized performance in heterogeneous cloud environments. Findings: Compared to the energy-minimized scheduling (EMS) model, the findings of this study demonstrate that the secure and efficient workflow scheduling (SEWS) model yields superior outcomes across key performance metrics. Specifically, the SEWS model excels in average simulation time, power sum, power average, and energy consumption. These results underscore the effectiveness of the SEWS model in enhancing the efficiency and resource utilization of cloud workflow scheduling. Importantly, the study identifies a notable gap in the existing work related to workflow task scheduling. Many prior studies still need to address the critical aspects of security and QoS in this context. While some jobs have attempted to enhance security, a significant limitation is the failure to extend these security measures to intermediary data. This gap in the literature highlights the unique contribution of the SEWS model, which addresses security concerns comprehensively and prioritizes QoS in the workflow task scheduling process. The observed superiority of the SEWS model in comparison with the EMS model serves as a testament to the models efficacy in concurrently addressing security and QoS challenges. By focusing on intermediary data, the SEWS model presents a holistic solution that aligns with the increasing demand for comprehensive security measures in cloud workflow environments. The findings emphasize the significance of integrating security and QoS considerations to establish a more robust and efficient workflow scheduling framework in heterogeneous cloud computing environments. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025. -
Multi objective energy aware integrated cloud scheduling with a consensus-based security
This research presents a multi-objective, energy-aware workflow scheduling framework for heterogeneous cloudedge environments that addresses both efficiency and data integrity challenges. Conventional encryption-based security mechanisms, although effective in protecting data during task offloading, often introduce significant computational and communication overhead, leading to degraded system performance. To overcome this limitation, this work proposes the consensus security-integrity and quality-aware workflow scheduler (CSIQA-WS), which integrates energy-aware scheduling with a lightweight, consensus-driven security mechanism. The model incorporates automatic service management and an attack prevention module to detect and mitigate malicious behavior during inter-node data transmission while maintaining quality of service (QoS) constraints. A dynamic coordination between edge and cloud resources enables efficient workload distribution and robust resource utilization. Experimental evaluation using scientific workflow benchmarks demonstrates that CSIQA-WS significantly reduces processing time and energy consumption compared to existing approaches. The proposed model achieves up to 92.29% reduction in processing time and consistently improves overall QoS while preserving data integrity in dynamic execution environments. These results indicate that CSIQA-WS provides an effective and scalable solution for secure and energy-efficient workflow scheduling in modern cloudedge systems. 2026 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. -
Privacy-Integrity Aware Efficient Workflow Scheduler for Edge-Cloud Platform
Scientific workflow execution in edge-cloud platform have attained in-creased attention, due to reduction in overall makespan assuring workflow deadlines. The workflow task is composed of diverse subtasks which are either executed in edge and the cloud; they are prone to security risk. Any loss of security breach will result to privacy and data integrity issues. Thus, providing security and meeting workflow execution strict deadlines becomes extremely difficult. The current workflow scheduling methods failed to assure both privacy and integrity together under edge-cloud computing platform. In addressing the research security and efficiency issues, this article introduced a novel approach namely Privacy-Integrity Aware Efficient Workflow Scheduler (PIAEWS) for edge-cloud platform. The PIAEWS introduces a novel trust metrics to assure only authenticated node takes part communication and consensus model to assure data integrity without compromising on user privacy constraint. The PIAEWS improves makespan and reduces overall energy consumption by assuring both security and performance together when executing genome sequencing workflow application in edge-cloud platform. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
L-arginine functionalized NiFe?O? nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial activity, and biocompatibility evaluation in a zebrafish model
NiFe?O? nanoparticles and L-argininefunctionalized NiFe?O? (NiFe?O4LA) were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for antimicrobial performance and in vivo biocompatibility in a zebrafish embryo model. The XRD and HRTEM studies confirmed the formation of single-phase cubic spinel NiFe?O? with average crystallite size ? 2030nm. Surface modification with LA preserved the spinel structure while reducing crystallinity and hydrodynamic size 128.7nm. FTIR and XPS verified successful surface functionalization. UV vis measurements showed band-gap narrowing after La conjugation (Eg ? 3.23 ? 3.15eV). NiFe?O?LA exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity compared with bare NiFe?O? against MRSA and C. albicans an effect attributed to enhanced surface interaction and ROS-mediated oxidative damage. The MIC values of C. albicans is found to 1200g/mL while in the case MRSA is about 900g/mL. The ROS assays with histidine modulation supported a role for redox activity in antimicrobial action. In vivo zebrafish embryo assays showed minimal developmental toxicity at tested exposures with better viability for the LA coated material. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2026. -
Flexible and sustainable dielectric materials from natural rubber and Caryota urens extract for wearable and soft electronic devices
This study explores the structural, mechanical, and dielectric properties of natural rubber (NR) blended with Caryota urens fruit extract (CUFE), with and without glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinking, for sustainable dielectric materials. CUFE, rich in hydroxyl groups, was incorporated at varying concentrations to improve interfacial polarization and dielectric response. FTIR confirmed successful blending and crosslinking, while SEM revealed enhanced homogeneity with CUFE and GA treatment. Mechanical tests showed improved tensile strength and elongation at break, with optimum performance at 10 wt% CUFE. GA crosslinking enhanced dimensional stability but reduced elasticity due to network formation. Dielectric analysis indicated higher capacitance and lower impedance with increasing CUFE, driven by ionic and interfacial polarization. GA-crosslinked blends exhibited superior dielectric efficiency, with lower energy loss and higher charge storage capability. With flexibility, tunable conductivity, and strong dielectric performance, NR/CUFE blends show promise for flexible capacitors, wearable electronics, sensors, and sustainable devices. 2025 Korean Physical Society -
Analyzing the Nexus Between Corporate Governance, Green Finance and the Competition Laws
Green Finance plays an important role in enhancing Environmental and Social Governance (ESG) by aligning the Financial Regulations with the Sustainable Development Goals. It is a regulatory mechanism to mitigate environmental and social risks and rather than a critique to the financial markets. The corporate sector contributes to this through mechanisms like institutional investments, corporate social responsibility, preventing cartelization in ESG washing, establishing the ESG teams for Social, Economic and Environmental Security and more. This chapter explores a triangular nexus between corporate governance, green finance, and competition law, particularly focusing on the Indian regulatory and policy landscape. It examines how cartelization and other anti-competitive practices can undermine ESG objectives, creating an ESG Backlash. This discussion is framed through a comparative perspective referencing global developments and contrasting them with Indias evolving frameworks like the SEBI guidelines, CSR mandates and competition law provisions. The chapter further identifies the gaps and ambiguities in existing Indian laws, particularly in emerging domains such as the ESG team governance within corporations and underscores the need for more robust legal and institutional frameworks. By integrating regulatory analysis with case-based insights, it seeks to provide practical policy recommendations for improving corporate fiscal management of climate and environmental challenges. 2026 selection and editorial matter, Kirti Sood, Vikas Sharma, Andreia de Bem Machado; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Deep Insights into 3D Face Reconstruction from Blurred 2D Inputs: A Comprehensive Framework
This framework outlines a multi-stage methodology for 3D face reconstruction driven by advancements in deep learning. The process involves image preprocessing with deblurring techniques and subsequent feature extraction using CNNs alongside traditional methods. Deep learning adapts to diverse image challenges, ensuring accuracy in 3D reconstructions. In medical imaging, the proficiency of 3D CNNs and GANs shines in extracting structures from MRI and CT scans. Post-processing steps encompass mesh smoothing and texture mapping for enhanced visual quality. Evaluation metrics (MAE, RMSE, IoU) guarantee the precision of depth estimations. Applications of deep learning span across CNNs, 3DMM, GANs, and networks for landmark detection and dense correspondence. Challenges include optimizing eye reconstruction, expanding applications, and addressing concerns related to data quality, privacy, and hardware requirements. 2024 IEEE. -
Performance and Steady State Heat Transfer Analysis of Functionally Graded Thermal Barrier Coatings Systems
Thermal barrier coatings (TBCfs), typically 8 wt.% Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (8YSZ), in single layered configuration have been traditionally used in aerospace components to protect them from degradation at high temperatures and to improve the thermal efficiency of the system. This paper compares the performance of two types of TBC configurations: Single layered and multilayered functionally graded materials (FGM). Aerospace alloy, Inconel 718 substrates, NiCrAlY bond coat (BC) and 8YPSZ top coat (TC) were the materials used. FGM configuration was used to improve the durability and life of the conventional TBC system by reducing the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch. The TBCs were subjected to thermal fatigue (thermal shock and thermal barrier test) in laboratory scale burner rig test and oxidation stability test in high temperature furnace upto 1000. The as-sprayed and thermal fatigue tested specimen were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Scanning Electron Microscope (micro-structure). Results are discussed in the light of suitability of coating configuration, thermal fatigue and spalling characteristics with reference to aerospace applications at temperatures in the 9000C to 15000C range. Computational work was carried out comprising a simulation model involving the developed TBCs. 2018 Elsevier Ltd. -
Influence of atmospheric plasma spray process parameters on crystal and micro structures of pyrochlore phase in rare earth zirconate thermal barrier coatings
Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings is most widely used in gas turbine engines applications and its primary role is to protect the underlying base metal from degradation at its high temperature (>1000 C) service environment. While YSZ serves well in this role, materials with higher thermal stability and lower thermal conductivities are required to be developed for attaining higher operating temperatures and thereby higher energy conversion efficiencies. A number of rare-earth zirconates which form the cubic fluorite-derived pyrochlore structures (A2B2O7) where A: La, Gd, Sm, Ce and B: Zr are being developed, some compositions are more attractive due to their good amalgamation of thermal and mechanical properties. However, when these materials are plasma spray coated on metal substrates, the favorable properties are not immediately realized due to various contributing factors such as poor adhesion/cohesion, microstructure (porosity, defects) or even incomplete stabilization or destabilization of the desired phase (crystal structure) after passing through the plasma. In this paper, plasma sprayable powders of zirconate pyrochlores (or with disordered fluorite structures) synthesized from using La and Ce as the trivalent ''A cation, were plasma sprayed onto Inconel 718 substrates, by using different plasma spray parameters. The considerable influence of these spray parameters on the structural phases (analyzed via XRD) and microstructures (studied via SEM on polished cross section metallographs) are presented in detail. 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Zirconia based pyrochlore thermal barrier coatings
Improvements in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) technology, further than what is already in service to enable adequate protection to metallic components from higher (>1100C) operating temperatures requires newer developments in materials. Many research activities have been undertaken by scientists to seek alternatives after discovering the threshold of Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) TBCs on standard aero-space materials at elevated temperatures. To increase the thermal performance of gas turbine engines, alternate TBC materials with better sintering resistance and lower thermal conductivity are required. One of the promising candidates for the TBCs is Pyrochlore-type rare earth zirconium oxides (Re2Zr2O7, Re = rare earth). Re2Zr2O7 TBCs have higher phase stability, lower thermal conductivity, lower sintering rate, no phase transformation, and lower coefficient of thermal expansion at elevated temperatures when compared with YSZ. In this work, plasma spray powders of Lanthanum Zirconate (La2Zr2O7) and Lanthanum Ceria Zirconate (La2 (Zr0.7Ce0.3)2O7) were synthesized by the solid-state reaction method with the goal to develop pyrochlore oxide-based coatings with desired properties at high temperatures (>1200C), better than the YSZ TBCs: Currently the most popular choice for TBCs. These TBCs are expected to increase gas turbine efficiencies while protecting the underlying metallic substrate at high operation temperatures. The evaluation of the synthesised TBCs has been carrying out by studying their performances at 1200C. Results of evaluation for phase composition by employing X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD), microstructure via Scanning electron Microscope (SEM) and chemical composition via Energy Dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) also have been included. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. -
Adhesion strength studies on zirconia based pyrochlore and functionally gradient thermal barrier coatings
Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) plays a major role in the improvement of gas turbine and engine components in terms of their service life and performance. Generally, all coatings must possess certain primary properties to perform in the intended applications. However, regardless of applications, suitable adhesion strength is one major characteristic they must have to adequately protect the basic components on which they are applied upon. In TBCs, adhesion (or Bond) strength is a parameter that helps to illustrate the resistance of the ceramic top coat against spallation either from the bond coat (and component) or within the TBC layers itself. The performance of TBCs are reliant upon the adhesion between the coating and the metal substrate and also adhesion (or cohesion) between the bond coat and the overlying ceramic top coat layer. The de-bonding of the top coat layer or the inter-metallic bond coat layers are the main reasons of the failure of the overall TBC system. Some of the prominent problems associated with coatings applications are residual stresses, micro-cracks and pores etc. These and many other factors influence the adhesion of the coatings in addition to service environment conditions and pre coating substrate preparations such as substrate cleaning, grit blasting and very importantly plasma spray parameters. In the present work, results obtained from adhesion strength measurements carried out by following the ASTM C 633 standard test method, on various types of TBCs are being shared. Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were synthesized with NiCrAlY bond coat deposited on SS 304L substrate by using air plasma spray and different ceramic top coats (a) commercial 8%Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (8YSZ) (b) lab synthesized plasma spray powders of (i) Lanthanum Zirconate (La2Zr2O7) (ii) Lanthanum Ceria Zirconate (La2 (Zr0.7Ce0.3)2O7) and (iii) Lanthanum cerate (La2Ce2O7). The coating depositions were carried out in different configurations i.e. two layers, three layers and gradient layers (Functionally gradient materials). The evaluation of properties includes the studies of morphology of the strength (adhesive/cohesive failure mode) tested specimen as well. General conclusions drawn from the studies on several specimen in various configurations are that cohesive failures (between the ceramic top coat layers) is the predominant mechanisms followed by few adhesive failures in bond coat coat/ceramic interface. 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Thermal fatigue characteristics of 8Y2O3-ZrO2, La2Zr2O7, La2(Zr0.7Ce0.3)2O7 and La2Ce2O7 thermal barrier coatings in duplex, multilayer functionally graded and multilayer configurations
La2Zr2O7, La2(Zr0.7Ce0.3)2O7 and La2Ce2O7 pyrochlore plasma sprayable powders were synthesized and plasma spray coated on steel plates with NiCrAlY bond coat. Three different configurations were used: duplex, multilayer functionally graded and multilayer, with different combinations of commercial 8% yttria stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) and NiCrAlY (bond coat) layers. The prepared coatings were compared with the standard duplex 8YSZ thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with a goal to study their suitability to serve as TBCs. TBCs layer thicknesses and interfaces were studied via SEM on polished cross section metallographic samples removed from the spray coated TBCs. Thermal fatigue resistance was evaluated by directing a gas flame on the ceramic surface at 1200 and 1400 C, followed by its rapid withdrawal and forced cooling by pedestal fan. The maximum number of thermal shock cycles the coatings could withstand before failure was determined. The multilayered TBCs with lanthanum cerate composition stacked with 8YSZ exhibited the superior thermal fatigue resistance characteristics compared to all other studied TBCs. The findings were correlated with the crystalline phases of the ceramic coatings, obtained via XRD, and discussed in the light of existing literature. 2023 University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology. All rights reserved. -
Executive functions and psychological flourishing in public sector employees
The present study examined the relationship between executive functions and psychological flourishing. Executive functions are based on three broad brain capacities namely: inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility. The participants for the study comprised 99 executives working in public sector organizations in India. Correlational analysis was computed to examine the relationship between executive functions and psychological flourishing. Multiple regression was used to find out if executive functions predicted psychological flourishing. The significant positive association of psychological flourishing with self-restraint, working memory, emotional control, focus, task initiation, planning/prioritization, organization, time management, defining and achieving goals, flexibility and observation was observed. The results of the multiple regression indicated that working memory, focus and observation predicted psychological flourishing. 2021 Ecological Society of India. All rights reserved. -
Advancements in optical steganography for secure medical data transmission in telehealth systems
Secure medical data transfer technologies have advanced as a result of the brisk growth of telehealth services. This study provides a thorough review of the most up-to-date research on using optical steganography to conceal medical records from prying eyes. Data concealing capacity has been increased without sacrificing picture quality using new techniques that make it difficult for unauthorised parties to access hidden information. Using adaptive steganography methods, medical data may be encoded in images in a way that makes it impossible to detect or extract by prying eyes. By concealing information over many picture layers, multi-layer steganography adds an extra degree of protection from prying eyes. The development of steganographic techniques has been spurred on by the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence to enhance steganalysis and the use of quantum characteristics to offer an extra layer of security in quantum steganography. Combining this with cryptographic safeguards like encryption provides an additional layer of security. In order to successfully safeguard sensitive medical data during transmission, standardisation and compliance in optical steganography are becoming more important as telehealth systems become more widespread. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
Application of neuroscience methods in HRDM for brain-based human capital optimization
For years, human resource development and management (HRDM) has used behavioral assessments to gauge employee potential. However, advancements in cognitive behavioral neuroscience (CBN) have opened up new possibilities for understanding how the human mind works. This chapter explores the practical applications of neuroscience methods like EEG, ERP, MRI, and fMRI, as well as neurofeedback and biofeedback, in talent identification, leadership development, and employee well-being. Importantly, these insights can be directly applied in HRDM practices, leading to more effective talent management, leadership development, and improved employee well-being. While recognizing the ethical considerations involved with these technologies, the chapter presents a compelling vision for a future where HRDM practices are informed by a deeper understanding of the brain, enabling the workforce to reach its full potential. 2024 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Work-Cognition and Subjective Well-being Among Female Professional Educators During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Moderating Role of Resilience
Teaching demands educators to be both caretakers and educators, leading to significant cognitive and emotional strain. The pandemic has worsened these challenges, requiring teachers to seek psychological and professional support. Online teaching has added to these difficulties, with educators having to adapt to new technologies while managing virtual classrooms and addressing the unique needs of students in remote learning environments. This present study sought to understand the relationship between work cognition (WCog) and subjective well-being (SWB) among female professional educators during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also examines the moderating effect of Resilience (RSL) on the association between WCog and SWB. Using a purposive sampling technique, data was collected through an online survey from 181 female professional educators in India. Female professional educators reported moderate levels of WCog, high levels of RSL, and high levels of SWB, which indicates that the female professional educators faced cognitive and emotional strain during online teaching but demonstrated resilience and maintained positive well-being. RSL moderated the relationship between WCog and SWB, highlighting its influence on educators cognitive management and well-being during online teaching. These insights have implications for support system to enhance the well-being of educators and promoting their professional development. The Author(s) 2023. -
We just keep pushing through: a mixed-method study on musculoskeletal discomfort and mental well-being among nurses in resource-limited settings
Background: Nurses in under-resourced settings frequently report high levels of musculoskeletal (MSK) discomfort, which significantly affects their mental well-being. While workplace strain is well documented, the combined impact of physical burden and institutional neglect remains underexplored in these environments. Aim: The study aims to examine the prevalence of MSK discomfort and its association with psychological well-being among nurses in under-resourced healthcare environments in Northeast India, and to explore the experiential and structural factors contributing to these occupational health risks. Methods: A sequential mixed-methods study design was employed, following an explanatory approach. The study commenced with a survey to gather quantitative data. Quantitative data were collected from 216 nurses using the Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (Extended-NMQ) and the WHO-5 Well-Being Index, the results of which informed the development of subsequent interview questions. Semi-structured interviews were then conducted with 11 nurses to capture experiential and structural factors. This structure enabled deeper contextual understanding and facilitated triangulation across data types. Results: Among the participants, 47.2% reported experiencing lower back pain, followed by discomfort in the knees (27.3%) and upper back (25%). Higher levels of MSK discomfort were significantly associated with employment in the public sector and more than ten years of work experience. A strong negative correlation was observed between MSK discomfort and mental well-being. Thematic analysis revealed key stressors: physical depletion, emotional exhaustion, organizational apathy, and limited healthcare access. In response to these challenges, nurses often relied on self-management due to insufficient institutional support. Triangulated findings underscored how structural deficiencies intensified both physical and psychological strain among nurses. Conclusions: There is an urgent need for evidence-based occupational health interventions to address ergonomic, psychosocial, and institutional challenges, particularly in low-resource healthcare settings, to safeguard the well-being of frontline nursing staff. This study offers novel understanding from a high-need yet under-researched geographic context, namely the northeastern states of India, bridging empirical gaps in MSK health literature through the integration of experiential and structural factors. Clinical trial number: Not applicable. The Author(s) 2025.