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Women chefs in Indian hospitality industry: Challenges and strategies /
International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, Vol.4, Issue 7, pp.117-132, ISSN No: 2231-5063. -
Numerical Analysis of durability in high temperature polymerelectrolyte Membrane fuel cell based on acid basedpolybenzimidazole Membrane
The world requirement for renewable energy for a sustainable future is a topic of
great interest. Among such renewable energy, hydrogen is used as an energy carrier in the fuel cell. Among different fuel cell types, the high-temperature proton
exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) has attracted many researchers due to
its wide variety of applications. HT-PEMFC must be further studied to enhance its
performance and durability to meet the energy requirements.
In the present study, a three-dimensional non-isothermal model is developed to
numerically investigate the durability and performance of a HT-PEMFC. The developed model is validated against the experimental data available in literature. A
spatial characterization of CO poisoning in HT-PEMFC is carried out to investigate
the spatial resolution of the polarization curves, H2 concentration, current density,
and anode polarization loss. A graded cathode catalyst structure is studied to enhance the oxygen reduction reaction. The study reveals that the multiple graded
CLs improve performance but leads to uneven current distribution, and high Pt loading downstream signifcantly improves uniformity in the current distribution. The
study also proposes a hybrid catalyst structure to enhance performance and current distribution. The effect of various degrees of misalignment of flow feld plates
and its concomitant impact with varying the clamping pressures on HT-PEMFC operation is investigated to analyze the electrochemical behavior, reactant distribution, heat transport, electric transport, and cell performance and also suggests
the allowable misalignment tolerance. The proton conductivity numerical model for
cage-like cross-linked membranes for enhanced proton conductivity in HT-PEMFC
is developed to give a detailed and fundamental understanding of the polarization
phenomena and species transport. Sensitivity analysis of operational parameters of
HT-PEMFC is carried out to investigate the influential sensitivities of crucial operating parameters on evaluation index such as cell voltage, a standard deviation
of current density distribution, a mean and standard deviation of overpotentials of
anode and cathode at different operating current density regimes. The present research explores the possible improvement and enhancement in cell performance and
uniform species distribution to enhance cell performance and durability. -
1-Edge contraction: Total vertex stress and confluence number
This paper introduces certain relations between 1-edge contraction and the total vertex stress and the confluence number of a graph. A main result states that if a graph G with ?(G) = k ? 2 has an edge vivj and a ?-set CG such that vi, vj ? CG then, ?(G/vivj) = k ? 1. In general, either S(G/ei) ? S(G/ej) or S(G/ej) ? S(G/ei) is true. This observation leads to an investigation into the question: for which edge(s) ei will S(G/ei) = max{S(G/ej): ej ? E(G)} and for which edge(s) will S(G/ej) = min{S(G/e`): e` ? E(G)}? 2024 Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University. -
1-Normal DRA for insertion languages
Restarting automaton is a type of regulated rewriting system, introduced as a model for analysis by reduction. It is a linguistically motivated method for checking the correctness of a sentence. In this paper, we introduce a new definition of normal restarting automaton in which only one substring is removed using the DEL operation in a cycle. This DEL operation is applied to reverse the insertion operation in an insertion grammar. We use this 1-normal restarting automaton to solve the membership problem of insertion languages. Further, we introduce some interesting closure properties of 1-normal restarting automata. 2017, Springer International Publishing AG. -
1,8-Naphthyridinone compounds and uses thereof /
Patent Number: WO 2019/018583, Applicant: NUVATION BIO INC.
1,8-naphthyridinone compounds as modulators of an adenosine receptor are provided. The compounds may find use as therapeutic agents for the treatment of diseases mediated through a G-protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway and may find particular use in oncology. -
10-camphor sulfonic acid: A simple and efficient organocatalyst to access anti-SARS-COV-2 Benzoxanthene derivatives
10-Camphor sulfonic acid (10-CSA) has gained popularity as an organocatalyst due to its broad range of solubility and user-friendliness. Affordable multicomponent reactions (MCRs) for the preparation of benzoxanthenes (4a-4 h) (5a-5i) are presented in this work. Extensive investigations and records have been conducted on the diverse biological features exhibited by xanthenes and benzoxanthenones, such as their antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory capabilities.Using ?-naphthol, dimedone, and aldehydes, we demonstrate a cost-effective and environmentally friendly catalytic method. Under ideal circumstances, the 10-CSA catalyzes one-pot reaction, procuring impressive amounts of benzoanthenes (8595 %). All the synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR. A wide variety of suitable chemicals, simple work-up procedures, and solvent-free synthesis outperforms numerous existing methods for procuring biologically relevant benzoxanthene derivatives are some of the interesting features of this organocatalyzed bronsted acid process. Therefore this synthesis is industrially inevitable. Furthermore, computational studies such as molecular docking and ADMET data analysis were performed on a number of the synthesized benzoxanthene molecules. This has led to the identification of the most potent synthetic against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Additionally, to mimic how medicinal compounds interact to target proteins, computational docking and dynamics techniques were used. These studies showed that, in terms of binding affinity and other crucial traits, 4a, 4b, and 5a are potential possibilities. Overall, the current study should be of great help in the development of benzoxanthene analogs which can be potential drugs for treatment of COVID-19. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
10-camphor sulfonic acid: A simple and efficient organocatalyst to access anti-SARS-COV-2 Benzoxanthene derivatives
10-Camphor sulfonic acid (10-CSA) has gained popularity as an organocatalyst due to its broad range of solubility and user-friendliness. Affordable multicomponent reactions (MCRs) for the preparation of benzoxanthenes (4a-4 h) (5a-5i) are presented in this work. Extensive investigations and records have been conducted on the diverse biological features exhibited by xanthenes and benzoxanthenones, such as their antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory capabilities.Using ?-naphthol, dimedone, and aldehydes, we demonstrate a cost-effective and environmentally friendly catalytic method. Under ideal circumstances, the 10-CSA catalyzes one-pot reaction, procuring impressive amounts of benzoanthenes (8595 %). All the synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR. A wide variety of suitable chemicals, simple work-up procedures, and solvent-free synthesis outperforms numerous existing methods for procuring biologically relevant benzoxanthene derivatives are some of the interesting features of this organocatalyzed bronsted acid process. Therefore this synthesis is industrially inevitable. Furthermore, computational studies such as molecular docking and ADMET data analysis were performed on a number of the synthesized benzoxanthene molecules. This has led to the identification of the most potent synthetic against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Additionally, to mimic how medicinal compounds interact to target proteins, computational docking and dynamics techniques were used. These studies showed that, in terms of binding affinity and other crucial traits, 4a, 4b, and 5a are potential possibilities. Overall, the current study should be of great help in the development of benzoxanthene analogs which can be potential drugs for treatment of COVID-19. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
15 AUG 1947
On 3rd June 1947, Britain announced to renounce its dominion over India. After ruling for almost two hundred years British liberate India in 15th August 1947 and to celebrate this event India Post issued a postage stamp on 21st November 1947. To celebrate and mark this event India Post decided to issues three postage stamps to commemorate the Independence Day of India. -
150 Years of India Post
150 Years of India Post stamp was originally issued on 4 October 2004. The stamp is one among the set of four commemorative stamps, which marks the sesquicentennial year of the department of posts as it rededicates itself to the service of nation. On !st October 1854, India Post was born with a skeletal network of 701 post offices under the control of a Director General. -
1857 First World War of Independence
The stamp was issued to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the first World War of Independence in 2007. It shows the dramatic confrontation between zealous freedom fighters and the stolid ranks of hired Company infantry. -
1st Asian Games 1951
1st Asian Games 1951, a commemorative postage stamp issued by India Post on 4 March, 1951. The first Asian Games were held at New Delhi on 8 to 11 March 1951, when ten nations took part. -
2-(6-Chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazol-1-yl-idene)propanedinitrile
The molecular conformation of the title compound, C15H 10ClN3, is stabilized by an intramolecular N-H?N hydrogen bond with an S(7) ring motif. The crystal packing is controlled by N-H?N and C-H?N intermolecular interactions. One of the methylene groups of the cyclohexene ring is disordered over two positions with refined occupancies of 0.457 (12) and 0.543 (12). -
2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidinyloxyl (TEMPO) Radical Mediated Electro-Oxidation Reactions: A Review
Over the last few decades, the interest in green and sustainable chemistry has led to the development of different synthetic methodologies which utilize clean reagents. In that direction, the electro-oxidation reactions are considered as one of the most interesting and promising methods. This is predominantly due to their environmentally benign nature, as oxidation can be achieved without the need for commonly used oxidizing agents. 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidinyloxyl radical commonly known as TEMPO is a stable aminoxyl radical utilized for the oxidation of various classes of alcohols to carbonyl compounds by using cyclic voltammetry. The present review focuses on the various electrochemical reactions utilizing TEMPO as a mediator such as the oxidative conversion of alcohols, carbohydrates, amines, sulphur-containing compounds, and alkenes in both laboratory as well as industrial scales and covers literature from 1950 till present date. The properties, reactivity, and yield percentages of these reactions would provide a basis for better electrocatalyst design in future studies involving TEMPO and its derivatives as mediators. 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH -
21st Century Teacher Educator
Golden Research Thoughts, Vol. 2, Issue 11, pp. 40-45, ISSN No. 2231-5063 -
2D Materials Coated Flexible Origami for Low-Frequency Energy Harvesting
Wave energy is one of the most abundant energy sources. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are becoming more popular for sustainable energy generation from waves. Concerning the renewable energy demands, we focus on developing cost-effective and adaptable origami-TENGs (O-TENGs) for harvesting wave energy, specifically utilizing paper-based (cellulose) materials. An origami-inspired lightweight and scalable design is proposed to create high-performance O-TENGs suitable for the complex conditions of low-frequency wave excitation. The paper-based spring-like O-TENG is coated with two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets and demonstrates efficacy in harvesting mechanical energy in the ambient environment and the output performance compared with reduced graphene oxides (rGO). A detailed density functional theory (DFT) calculation was used to analyze the charge transfer mechanism in the coated origami structures. Furthermore, a barrel-shaped floating generator incorporating multiple origami TENGs is introduced to capture ocean wave energy across various frequencies, amplitudes, and directional movements. Since the coated origami structures show a good self-rebounding spring-like nature and energy harvesting properties, they are suitable for blue energy harvesting. 2025 American Chemical Society. -
2D Materials Coated Flexible Origami for Low-Frequency Energy Harvesting
Wave energy is one of the most abundant energy sources. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are becoming more popular for sustainable energy generation from waves. Concerning the renewable energy demands, we focus on developing cost-effective and adaptable origami-TENGs (O-TENGs) for harvesting wave energy, specifically utilizing paper-based (cellulose) materials. An origami-inspired lightweight and scalable design is proposed to create high-performance O-TENGs suitable for the complex conditions of low-frequency wave excitation. The paper-based spring-like O-TENG is coated with two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets and demonstrates efficacy in harvesting mechanical energy in the ambient environment and the output performance compared with reduced graphene oxides (rGO). A detailed density functional theory (DFT) calculation was used to analyze the charge transfer mechanism in the coated origami structures. Furthermore, a barrel-shaped floating generator incorporating multiple origami TENGs is introduced to capture ocean wave energy across various frequencies, amplitudes, and directional movements. Since the coated origami structures show a good self-rebounding spring-like nature and energy harvesting properties, they are suitable for blue energy harvesting. 2025 American Chemical Society. -
2D Metal-based Electrocatalysts: Properties and Applications
Metallic nanostructures with thickness ranging from a single atom up to 100 nanometers fall under the category of 2D metals. The modified electronic band structure due to quantum confinement effects leads to intriguing electrical and electronic properties. Moreover, the properties can be further altered by variations in their shape, thickness, and lateral size. The exceptionally high surface area to volume ratio of 2D metals and stretchability are beneficial in electrocatalysis. The exposed atoms on the outer surface of 2D metals with low coordination numbers, possess unique properties, forming numerous active sites on the surface. As a result, 2D metals demonstrate a high ability towards the activation of small molecules, including O2, H2, CO2, HCOOH, CH3OH, C2H5OH, etc. This exceptional oxidation reactivity enables 2D metals to be excellent electrocatalysts for hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and oxidation of small molecules (formic acid, methanol, and ethanol) for fuel-cell applications. As the localized surface plasmon resonance (SPRs) is sensitive to the size/shape of plasmonic 2D metals, the optical absorption enabled by SPRs offers additional advantages for photo-electrocatalytic processes. The stability of highly active catalytic 2D metals presents a challenge due to the propensity of metal surfaces with high reactivity to undergo oxidation. Recent developments in the synthesis, properties, and applications of 2D metal nanostructures for electrocatalytic processes are discussed. The challenges and opportunities in the electrocatalytic application of 2D metal nanostructures have been summarized. 2025 Ram K. Gupta. -
2D MnTe/rGO Hybrid Structure for Moisture Energy Harvesting
The development and widespread use of wind, solar, geothermal, and other renewable energy sources have increased the supply of clean, green electricity while reducing environmental strain. Extracting renewable energy from continuously available humid air is a potential pathway for a sustainable future. Here, we explore the use of two-dimensional (2D) manganese telluride (MnTe) hybrid structures with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), for absorbing moisture and atmospheric humidity. The resistance of the 2D hybrid structures increases with moisture exposure and decreases upon moisture removal, suggesting their suitability for humidity-controlled power devices. The optimized thickness of the composites exhibits the highest response under moisture exposure due to the interfacial charge transfer. The MnTe/rGO hybrid structure also absorbs a low amount of moisture from ambient humid (RH ? 90%) air, resulting in electrical output up to ?125 mV within ?15 s. Furthermore, the study hints at the potential of 2D MnTe for energy harvesting from moisture and sustainable power sources. We used density functional theory (DFT) calculations to understand the systems ability to transfer charge. In situ Raman spectroscopy and imaging techniques further confirm the effect of moisture on a hybrid surface. These findings lay the foundation for developing an efficient nanogenerator that can find applications in wearable electronics and environmental monitoring systems. The study contributes to materials science and offers a pathway towards developing sustainable and efficient electronic devices and environmental monitoring systems. 2025 American Chemical Society. -
2D Photonic Crystal for the Detection of Infectious Virus and Bacterial Diseases
In this paper, photonic crystal (PhC) sensor for analysis and modelling for viral and bacterial detection is proposed. Optical biosensors detect cancer, Bacillus cereus, malaria, typhoid, tuberculosis, etc. Optical biosensors work by shifting the peak resonance wavelength with modest refractive index changes. Because viral pathogens rapidly mutate and replicate in the human cell nucleus, sensors that offer accurate results for viral and bacterial diseases in seconds are in high demand. Hence, optical biosensors provide fast, sensitive results. The sensor detects influenza H1N1, hepatitis B (HBV), and typhoid, respectively. A maximum sensitivity of 443.33nm/RIU with a quality factor of 1309 is obtained. Simulations are performed using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD). The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.