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Centring African indigenous knowledge: Afro-feminist perspectives on women's empowerment
This chapter explores the Afro-feminist perspective of the significance of African indigenous knowledge in the context of women's emancipation. The recognition of gender inequities in Africa prompts a need for the incorporation of intersectionality in feminist discussions that include a wide range of cultural contexts. The chapter emphasizes the significance of intergenerational learning in preserving knowledge and empowering older women via examining power relations, colonial legacies, and the integration of Western-traditional medicine. This chapter examines the impact of indigenous community and feminist organization involvement on legislative progress, focusing on protecting indigenous women. Global connections, cross-cultural discussions, and unity facilitate the empowerment of Afro-feminism. These elements surpass geographical boundaries and incorporate indigenous traditions. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Challenges and Issues in Health Care and Clinical Studies Using Deep Learning
Deep learning is a subset of machine learning, which has more than three layers of neural networks. Neural networks resemble the functioning of human behavior in nature. These neural networks are capable of producing results with single layers, but multiple layers help in producing accurate results with increased precision rate. Deep learning supports a number of artificial intelligence (AI)-based applications and services, which helps in increased automated devices, data analysis, and many more physical tasks in various fields. Deep learning technology has become part of human day-to-day life. It is involved in every aspect of daily routine like voice-based searches, operating a device, baking transactions, and many more. Deep learning allows the healthcare industry to examine data quickly without compromising accuracy. Deep learning uses mathematical models designed to work almost like the human brain. Multiple layers of networking and technology enable unmatched computing capability and the ability to traverse and analyze through vast sets of data that would have previously been lost, forgotten, or missed. 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Challenges and Solutions of Using Social Internet of Things (SIoT) in Healthcare and Medical Domains
The revolutionary idea that combines social networks with the Internet of Things (IoT) is called the Social Internet of Things (SIoT). SIoT is a term that refers to the modelling of social networks formed by connecting people and things. SIoT was designed to assist organizations in achieving specific goals, such as boosting usability, scalability, and productivity and satisfying business service requirements. The application layer of the SIoT model performs several tasks like managing the relationship, discovering the services, configuring services, and managing reliability among the devices. The information collected about SIoT is categorized by identifying the relationships between devices. SIoT creates an event identity based on data from IoT applications. This identity may then be transferred with the SIoT network and made available to other IoT apps. Thus, the SIoT network offers guidance services for reusing data from IoT applications across many IoT applications and customizing IoT solutions to meet the unique needs of individual users, hence boosting overall communication. SIoT technology entails the more efficient use of recent data to create favorable patient outcomes in healthcare and medicine. The enormous volume of data generated by SIoT-connected devices has allowed various developments and applications in the healthcare domain. SIoT leverages sensors and other connected devices in these domains to boost social solutions efficiency. Without question, sensors used for creating this kind of network model that can collect vast amounts of data are on the verge of becoming a pervasive part of our lives. If the processing and management are not carried out optimally in SIoT, there is a significant risk that the data will lose its efficacy. This chapter examines SIoT challenges and approaches in the healthcare and medical domain. SIoT approaches may assist users in detecting a patients aberrant behaviour. These approaches are capable of detecting and forecasting patients health states. The SIoTs relational models, such as community sharing, equality matching, and equality matching, also provide IoT services to users. The sensing layers functionalities are compared to those of the network layer and application when assessing SIoT services. The proposed hierarchical network model uses gateways, switches, and IoT devices to establish social relationships. CISCO packet tracer is used to construct and operate this mainly built social network for healthcare. This specially designed social network for the healthcare domain can easily be implemented and controlled by any hospital management. 2023 selection and editorial matter, Gururaj H L, Pramod H B, and Gowtham M; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Changing Structure of Consumer Buying Behaviour and Expectation in the Digital Era
The growing digital landscape has made a fundamental impact on consumer behaviour. The digital era has totally transformed the buyers and shifted them from the traditional approach to the digital technologies. Todays digitally literate consumers have grown out of the TV advertisement experience to a wide range of digital marketing communications on their smartphone, tabs and laptops and on various social media. Marketers are geared up to identify, reach and engage these latest species of consumers who are agile and active in this new digital ecosystem having multiple devices and multiple channels. This new digital savvy customers give the marketers biggest challenges and rewards over their traditional counterparts. Today customers have some indispensable hopes and demands while they are shopping. The customers expect their needs of products and services should be met at their own time and at their own place, and at reasonable price. Digital era has empowered todays customers by providing them with easy and quick access to voluminous information, compare and contrast between brands and their offerings, facility to purchase the brand offerings from diverse devices and gadgets and also giving them the opportunity to dispense their post-purchase knowledge and experiences. Customer shopping habits have evolved with technology, and companies continue to adapt to maintain relevance. This study examines the consumer behaviour during the digital era. This paper also attempts to understand consumer sentiments and new buying behaviours in this digital era. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023. -
Character Recognition of MODI Script Using Distance Classifier Algorithms
Machine simulation of human reading is an active research area since the introduction of digital computers. Optical character recognition aims at the recognition of printed or handwritten text from document images and converting the same into a machine-readable form. The focus of this work is handwritten character recognition of MODI Script. A proper recognition system for handwritten documents enables it to be conveniently viewed, edited, and shared via electronic means. The development of a character recognition system for some of the ancient script is still a challenging task due to the complex nature of the script. MODI script is one such script which is the shorthand form of the Devanagari script in which Marathi was written. Though at present MODI script is not an official script, there exists a huge collection of MODI documents in various libraries. In addition, it is observed that scholars and historians are taking serious effort to revive the script. The purposed study based on the implementation of two algorithms for the classification of handwritten MODI script. The algorithms use distance classifier method. The first experiment is done using Euclidean distance classifiers and the second one is with Manhattan distance classifier and the accuracy achieved is 99.28% & 94% respectively. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2020. -
Charting Industry 4.0 Routes Incubation Centers: A Study on Atal Incubation Centre
Start-ups have garnered significant attention in India, as well as many other areas of the world, in the past few years. Start-ups may produce significant solutions through innovative and adaptable technology, acting as vehicles for socioeconomic growth and transformation. Some businesses were created in recent times, but the ecosystem was still in its infancy, with just a few investments and a limited number of support programs such as incubators. As business environments have evolved, there are signs that the function of incubators has shifted and extended to a center giving training, with over 20, 000 start-ups and a year-on-year growth rate of 10-12%, India boasts the worlds second largest start-up ecosystem. Since business settings have changed, there are indications that the purpose of incubators has moved and expanded to a center for training and support, connecting, and consulting to new enterprises in all fields of specialization rather than just a business center with office space. According to incubators, the major worry or problem was establishing suitable infrastructure with specialized technology that met the demands of the companies. In terms of investment, incubators were concerned about the schemes rigidity. Some incubators opted to extend financing or make grants rather than make equity investments. This issue originated largely from the regulatory complexities of incubators at educational institutions that make equity-based investments in businesses. Start-ups do not exist in isolation, but rather as a component of the larger economy. In terms of the regulatory framework, it is thought that enhancing the execution of existing start-up regulations and eliminating inefficiency within the administration is critical to making it easier for start-ups to do business. Start-ups would benefit from less paperwork and documentation, improved access to information, more standardized operational processes, and clear criteria. 2023 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC. -
ChatGPT and Academia: Exploring the transformations and transitions
Since its launch in November 2022, this tool has brought massive transformations in almost every imaginable field. Among those fields, academia is perhaps the most discussed domain. However, much of what ChatGPT can do is still understudied. Therefore, this chapter aims to investigate the potential impact of ChatGPT in the domain of academia while exploring the possibilities for the future. The study emphasizes the theories that link ChatGPT's presence to its effects on academia and research. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
ChatGPT and virtual experience: Student engagement in online script writing-An experimental investigation among media students
To study and assess the immersive virtual environment experience of ChatGPT on student engagement in online script writing among media students, an experiment was conducted at the VR Experiential Lab, Christ University, between September 2023 and January 2024. The media students were tasked with writing a script for a short film within a VR environment, with ChatGPT displayed using an Oculus HMD (head-mounted display). A total of 180 students were recruited for the study through purposive sampling, and experiment photos are provided in the appendix. The data collection tool utilized was the virtual experience questionnaire developed by Tcha-Tokey. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
ChatGPT in education: Augmenting learning experience or dehumanizing education?
This chapter critically examines the potential of ChatGPT, an AI language model, to revolutionise education. It presents a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of using ChatGPT in education, including its ability to enhance the learning experience and the potential loss of essential skills due to over-reliance on technology. The chapter also raises ethical concerns about using ChatGPT in education, including data privacy and bias. Ultimately, the chapter concludes that ChatGPT should be used with human teachers to create a learning environment combining technology and human interaction. It highlights the importance of using ChatGPT responsibly to enhance, rather than dehumanise, education. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Child friendly schools: Challenges and issues in creating a positive and protective school environment
Schools are considered to be one of the safest places where children are seen on a daily basis and are under the supervision of teachers who are trained and equipped caregivers. Children are victims of all forms of abuse, punishment, neglect, discrimination, and ill-treatment within the school setting. Though there are various policies and programmes at international and national levels, addressing child protection has been a serious challenge for every community. Children need to be protected and any acts that hamper their well-being and safety need to be curbed. The objective of this chapter is to critically evaluate school-based child-protection programmes and suggest a model of child protection through positive schooling. Positive schooling is an approach to create a healthier and safer school environment. Positive schooling emphasises inclusiveness, strength-based education, developing character strengths, creating least restrictive environments, and fostering well-being among the school community, including students and teachers. It aims at creating a positive culture where every learner gets equal opportunities to learn and develop. It gives value to overall well-being of the individual and happiness within the learning environment. It promotes positive teaching strategies without the use of punishment and pressure. The positive culture within the school environment would promote peer support and collaboration, preventing bullying and abuse. Learners and facilitators would respect and support each other, focusing on strengths rather than weakness, which would, in turn, create an inclusive environment accommodating everyone. The chapter also highlights the need for: trained professionals, like counsellors, in school settings; stronger school-based polices; and the need for collaboration among school administrators, counsellors, teachers, and parents. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018. -
Child Mental Health in the Milieu of Online Education
The aim of this chapter is to examine the impact of online education on mental health of children, and explore methods to improve the same. With the advent of COVID-19 pandemic, major overhauls were made in day-to-day life including work, home, and education. Shift to online mode of instruction became the primary, if not the only, channel of education. This drastic shift has led to issues like limited social interaction, learning gaps due to insufficient in-person interaction, excessive screen time on devices, and decreased physical activity, which can impact mental health of children. This chapter will explore the impact of online learning on the mental health of children from both mental ill-health and well-being perspectives, the role of parents, teachers, and educational systems, and challenges and opportunities presented by the situation. Further to this, the ways to safeguard and improve mental health of children in the milieu of online education will be discussed. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022. -
Children Witnessing Violence in India: Nature, Risk Factors, Impact and Prevention Strategies
Children witness various degrees and intensities of violations and violence along with a hoard of environmental stressors. Such a spectrum of violence includes disturbing family environments, witnessing adults, including parents and family members, indulge in violence and abusive behaviours and direct or vicarious exposure to violence outside the home. The chapter aims to provide an overview of the nature and impact of witnessing violence. The frequency, type, intensity and the child's relationship with the people involved or impacted by the violence can determine the impact on a child's mental health and development. Children may witness distressing events in their daily lives like the loss of a loved one or watching adults take up challenging tasks, which may help them be resilient and learn coping skills with appropriate support. Long-term exposure to witnessing violence and trauma can lead to severe emotional and developmental difficulties. Such direct or vicarious exposure to varying degrees of violence may cultivate a culture of fear, repression and silence around the children. These difficulties may be similar to those of children who are direct victims of abuse. Witnessing violence has also been linked to anxiety and depression. Children growing up in such environments are at higher risk of normalizing violence and growing into abusive adults. Poverty, cultural factors, parenting, schooling, and policies can largely determine such risks for children. The paper discusses the preventive and promotive approaches at the school, family and community levels. Education and empowerment of adults in the child's environment can be the best preventative approach. Existing policies and programmes in India for children need to bring in more robust initiatives to identify, report, prevent and protect children witnessing violence. The needs and concerns of children witnessing violence and prevention approaches should be part of courses in helping professionals training and curriculum. The chapter calls for the necessity of individual and community-based interventions in terms of need-based models for addressing the mental health needs of children. The chapter strongly recommends the need for addressing mental health education for families and schools. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022. -
Citizen data in distributed computing environments: Privacy and protection mechanisms
Data security is paramount in the increasingly connected world. Securing data, while in transit and rest, and while under usage, is essentialfor deriving actionable insights out of data heaps. Incorrect or wrong data can lead to incorrect decisions. So, the confidentiality and integrity of data have to be guaranteed through a host of technology-inspired security solutions. Organizational data is kept confidentially by the businesses and governments, often in distant locations (e.g., in cloud environments), though more sensitive data is normally kept in house. As the security mechanisms are getting more sophisticated, cyber security attacks are also becoming more intensive, so there is a constant battle between the organisations and the hackers to be one step ahead of the other. In this chapter, the aim is to discuss various mechanisms of accomplishing citizens ' data confidentiality and privacy and to present solution approaches for ensuring impenetrable security for personal data. 2021 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Classification of financial news articles using machine learning algorithms
The opinion helps in determining the direction of the stock market. Information hidden in news articles is an information treasure which needs to be extracted. The present study is conducted to explore the application of text mining in binning the financial articles according to the opinion expressed inside them. It is discovered that using the tri-n-gram feature extraction process in conjugation with Support Vector machines increases the reliability and precision of the binning process. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2021. -
Classification of myocardial ischemia in delayed contrast enhancement using machine learning
This chapter addresses the classification of myocardial ischemia in delayed contrast enhancement using machine-learning techniques for magnetic resonance imaging which solves the social issue of a sudden cardiac death. To automate the classification of myocardial ischemia, the computer-aided design has a crucial path on the mixture ensemble of machine learning. The mixture ensemble of machine learning can partition a high-dimensional image in a simultaneous and competitive way. The detection and the segmentation processes are carried out through Fuzzy C-Means multispectral and single-channel algorithms along with a morphological filtering technique for feature extraction. Furthermore, the feed forward neural network (FFNN) technique is trained through the Levenberg-Marquardt Back Propagation algorithm for the classification of myocardial ischemia in delayed contrast enhancement. The proposed classification model performs well for the classification of myocardial ischemia. The rigorous process of the proposed result reveals that the FFNN classifier produces 99.9% accuracy on the classification of myocardial ischemia and also shows that the given classifier is considered one of the best methods in classifying medical myocardial ischemia. 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Classifying bipolar personality disorder (bpd) using long short-term memory (lstm)
With the advancement in technology, we are offered new opportunities for long-term monitoring of health conditions. There are a tremendous amount of opportunities in psychiatry where the diagnosis relies on the historical data of patients as well as the states of mood that increase the complexity of distinguishing between bipolar disorder and borderline disorder during diagnosis. This paper is inspired by prior work where the symptoms were treated as a time series phenomenon to classify disorders. This paper introduces a signature-based machine learning model to extract unique temporal pattern that can be attributed as a specific disorder. This model uses sequential nature of data as one of the key features to identify the disorder. The cases of borderline disorder that are either passed down genetically from parents or stem from exposure to intense stress and fear during childhood are discussed in this study. The model is tested with the synthetic signature dataset provided by the Alan Turing Institute in signature-psychiatry repository. The end result has 0.95 AUC which is an improvement over the last result of 0.90 AUC. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2021. -
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies for Achieving Net-Zero Economy
Today, net zero economy is garnering lot of interest as climate change concerns have become one of the most pressing issues for the organizations. The negative impact of climate change (CC) could be witnessed across all industries. The direct risk (i.e. impairment cost, damages, forced closure from extreme weather events) and indirect risk (i.e. disruption in the business value chain, loss of infrastructure, etc.) emanating from CC has severely impacted the business model of the companies. It is important for companies to address climate challenges in their core business model and take climate action for achieving net zero economy. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of various organizational factors on the climate change adaptation strategies (CCAS) of manufacturing companies in India. The data was collected from 241 respondents and structural equation modelling (SEM) through Smart PLS 3.0 was employed for analysis in the study. Results indicated that corporate knowledge, processes, objectives, financial resources, collective knowledge, and incentives significantly influence the CCAS for the companies. The findings provide valuable input to the managers, practitioners, and other stakeholders interested in promoting climate actions and achieving a net zero economy. This chapter contributes to the extant literature in the field of corporate CC strategies and actions. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
Climate change and water insecurity: Who bears the brunt? (A case of Yelenahalli Village, Bengaluru)
Rapid urbanisation and neglect towards traditional water bodies have aggravated water security issues in isolated pockets. In the recent past, they have also manifested into natural disasters in major urban centres such as Bengaluru (Bangalore), Mumbai, Chennai and Hyderabad. An examination of the problem is essential to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal on water security laid down by the United Nations in the context of climate change. This paper explores the various socio-economic costs of water scarcity through a case study of Yelenahalli village in Bengaluru. The study's preliminary results find that the encroachment of water bodies has led to a significant cost to households and local governments. Water scarcity is found to have a differential impact on poor and non-poor households in terms of access and the resultant water consumption due to the prevalence of price discrimination in the private water markets. The disparity in access to water is exacerbated despite the government's commencement of piped water supply due to worsening climate conditions and falling groundwater levels. The Author(s), 2023. All rights reserved. -
Climate Change Impact on Water Resources, Food Production and Agricultural Practices
The greatest threat to human health that exists today is climate change. Ecosystems, societies and biodiversity are seriously at risk from the long term effects due to change in climate, primarily brought on by human activities. Rising temperatures increase evaporation, which causes drought and decreases water availability for ecosystems, drinking water supplies and agriculture. Changed precipitation patterns exacerbate floods, storms and sea levels, contaminating the water supply and harming infrastructure. The effects of rapidly changing climate on water resources must be minimised through sustainable water management techniques, conservation initiatives and International initiatives. The effects of climate change on the long run have been the focus of research because stable weather significantly influences agricultural productivity. Due to agricultures reliance on temperature and rainfall, climate change threatens world food security. Rising temperature results in lower productivity and also promotes the growth of weeds and pests, changes precipitation patterns, which will result in more crop failures and production declines. This work summarises the outcome of climate change on crop and livestock yields, water resources and the economy. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Climate Risks in an Unequal Society: The Question of Climate Justice in India
Over the past few decades, India has witnessed the brunt of climate change impacts in multiple dimensions. Notably, recent years' experiences prove that there has been a substantial increase in the intensity, frequency, and duration of climate-related risks and extreme events, resulting in an acceleration of the nexus between climate change and inequities. Despite the growing advancements of socioeconomic research on current and future climate change risks in India, the explorations through the lens of legal perspectives are still limited and have not met the demands. This chapter argues for rethinking legal perspectives of climate justice in India by drawing insights from two recent climate extreme events. To begin with, this chapter briefly reviews the historical background of the global actions to combat climate inequities and injustices and identifies the ways in which climate injustices perpetuate. For this, it adopts three main principles of climate justice, consisting of equity, a rights-based approach, and sustainability. Following this, it discusses India's climate policy and the existing institutional framework and actions to respond to climate change at the national and state levels. Then, by focusing on the climate change impacts on India, it introduces two recent climate-related risk events in India, and it discusses the unequal structuration of climate risks and the resulting more vulnerable and precarious situation of the marginal sections of the society that already faces multiple social injustices of Indian society. At the end of the cases, it briefly offers a critique of the climate change action plans of the respective states. This chapter concludes by outlining a few strategies to create a more sustainable and equitable approach toward climate governance and justice by strengthening the legal and institutional dispensations of the climate regime in India. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.