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Genetic Modification of Enzymes for Biomass Hydrolysis
Lignocellulose biomass is an economically viable and most abundant energy source. The synthesis of renewable energy-based fuel from lignocellulosic biomass is a replacement for fossil fuel. Cellulases are the biocatalysts that hydrolyze the ?-1,4-glycosidic bond in cellulose to release carbohydrate moieties that can be converted to ethanol, butanol, and other compounds. However, little enzymatic activity and product yield, and thermal stability are hurdles in the deconstruction of lignocellulose. Current progress in synthetic and omics technologies has resulted in several works in metabolic and genetic engineering that have paved the way for efficient conversion of lignocellulose to fuel in the last decades. Several works have attempted to apply genetic and metabolic engineering in the synthesis of stable and highly active cellulases at lower cost. This chapter reviews various genetic engineering technologies for enhancing cellulase synthesis and catalytic efficiency. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Reeta Rani Singhania, Anil Kumar Patel, Htor A. Ruiz, Ashok Pandey; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Bacterial Pigments as Antimicrobial Agents
In this chapter, we discuss various bacterial derived secondary metabolites pigments which has antimicrobial properties. Though these metabolites were identified more than several decades ago, attention into their bioactivities has emerged in the last few decades. Their increasing acceptance is an outcome of their cost-effectiveness, biodegradability, noncarcinogenic property, and eco-friendly characteristics. This chapter has made an attempt to take an in-depth observation into the current bacterial derived pigments and their bioactivity against various microorganisms. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Mohammed Kuddus, Poonam Singh, Raveendran Sindhu and Rachana Singh; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Critical Analysis of MoS2-Based Systems for Textile Wastewater Treatment
Indiscriminate discharge of toxic organic contaminant-laden wastewater into water bodies is one of the major issues posing a risk to the environment in general and aquatic living systems in particular. Widely used textile dyes are ubiquitous in the effluents emanating from industries. Photocatalysts, due to their efficiency and eco-friendliness, can be effectively used to remove pollutant dyes from the water bodies. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), an emerging co-catalyst, has high photocatalytic activity, strong absorptivity, non-toxicity, and low cost; with a graphene-like structure, it offers functional features similar to graphene: high charge carrier transfer, strong wear resistance, and good mechanical strength. However, in aspects such as cost, abundance, versatile morphologies, and tunable band gap with efficient visible light absorption properties, MoS2 scores over graphene. The present chapter discusses the recent advances in nanostructured MoS2 materials for applications in environmental remediation. Special emphasis has been paid to MoS2 and MoS2-based systems for the photocatalytic degradation of various organic contaminants such as malachite green, methyl orange, rhodamine B, and methylene blue that find extensive use in the textile industry. As a result, MoS2 systems play an essential role in nanocomposites, especially in speeding up photo-induced electron transport and lowering electron recombination rates, making them desirable photocatalysts for the degradation of pollutants. The chapter focuses on addressing SDG 3 (Good Health and Wellbeing), SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 7 (Clean and Affordable Energy), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), SDG 14 (Life Below Water), and SDG 15 (Life on Land). 2025 Moharana Choudhury, Ankur Rajpal, Srijan Goswami, Arghya Chakravorty and Vimala Raghavan. -
Climate Change Impact on Water Resources, Food Production and Agricultural Practices
The greatest threat to human health that exists today is climate change. Ecosystems, societies and biodiversity are seriously at risk from the long term effects due to change in climate, primarily brought on by human activities. Rising temperatures increase evaporation, which causes drought and decreases water availability for ecosystems, drinking water supplies and agriculture. Changed precipitation patterns exacerbate floods, storms and sea levels, contaminating the water supply and harming infrastructure. The effects of rapidly changing climate on water resources must be minimised through sustainable water management techniques, conservation initiatives and International initiatives. The effects of climate change on the long run have been the focus of research because stable weather significantly influences agricultural productivity. Due to agricultures reliance on temperature and rainfall, climate change threatens world food security. Rising temperature results in lower productivity and also promotes the growth of weeds and pests, changes precipitation patterns, which will result in more crop failures and production declines. This work summarises the outcome of climate change on crop and livestock yields, water resources and the economy. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
IoT Framework, Architecture Services, Platforms, and Reference Models
Internet of things (IoT) is spawning a twirl in the world of connected devices by aiding the devices to connect, compute, and coordinate with each other. While the concept of IoT is still embryonic, its outcomes are trailblazing. IoT acts as a facilitator in creating a smart world by connecting devices through sensors and actuators to the Internet. The acceptance of IoT in various sectors indicates that the partakers in an IoT ecology are diverse. This demands common functionalities, interoperability standards, and network protocols across sectors. But there exists an extremity of incongruency in devices, capabilities, and network protocols, and therefore it is imperative to have a complete reference architecture model that necessitates the existing diversities and defines a new monody for the IoT environment. The lack of standard and uniform architectural knowledge, frameworks, and platforms is presently resisting the researchers to reap the benefits that the Internet of things (IoT) offers. This chapter summarizes various Internet of things frameworks, architectures, platforms, and reference models and thereby paves way for businesses to build IoT on it. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Wearable Smart Technologies: Changing the Future of Healthcare
Wearable smart technologies are the innovative solutions for the issues of healthcare services. In this chapter, a review of the innovative wearable healthcare devices and applications has been done. Wearable devices are used for supervision and illness control. These innovative wearable technologies can straightforwardly affect the medical dynamic, can upgrade the quality of treatment for patients, and can reduce the expenses incurred in it. The large health record generated by the wearable devices provides an opportunity for data analysts to apply machine learning techniques for prediction on the data generated by sensors. Today's wearable smart technologies are capable of being integrated into eyeglasses, cloths, shoes, belts, watches, etc. Sensors can be inserted in these objects to be worn. The advanced forms of wearable technologies can be attached to the skin of the wearer. A smartphone is mainly utilized to collect data and communicate it to a server situated at a remote area for greater capacity and investigation. Maximum innovations related to wearable technologies are still in the prototyping phase. The study covers almost every aspect of wearable technologies, which could be helpful in the future for innovation and research in this area. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Ankur Beohar, Ribu Mathew, Abhishek Kumar Upadhyay, and Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma -individual chapters, the contributors. All rights reserved. -
Impact of Work from Home During COVID-19 Scenario
In view of the recent situation, COVID-19 has spread across the world, and every country has to enforce a lockdown to prevent the virus from transmitting further. The worldwide COVID-19 outbreak has led to a large number of professionals work from their homes. Almost all the sectors like IT, academics, government, business, etc. are implementing work from home for safety of their employees and sincerely obeying the social distancing norms. Work from home can be beneficial and fruitful in terms of travel expenses, saving time commuting, working on ones own agenda, etc. But it can also be a pain and take a toll on mental well-being as you are living a quarantined life with little to no social life, which can also impact an individuals efficiency. There are so many barriers to work from home (WFH), like unavailability of resources, poor network connectivity, using digital platform and latest software for non-IT professionals, lack of proper infrastructure, etc. Our chapter focuses on every aspects of WFH during the COVID-19 lockdown period so that well-suited policies and practices can be designed to cope with the issues and hence transforming future of organizations by shifting the tradition of work from office to work from home. 2024 Apple Academic Press, Inc. All rights reserved. -
Integration of sustainability in business through finance
[No abstract available] -
Data-Driven Decision Making in the VUCA Context: Harnessing Data for Informed Decisions
Data-driven decision making (DDDM) has evolved from being a strategic advantage to a necessity for organizations aiming to thrive in the dynamic business contexts. It is about using data as a tool to enhance strategic thinking, scenario planning, and adaptation in rapidly changing environments. It involves leveraging data and analytics to navigate the challenges of volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. By embracing DDDM, organizations can enhance their decision-making processes, gain a competitive edge, and navigate the challenges of volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity with greater confidence. However, successful implementation requires addressing challenges, fostering a data-driven culture, and continually adapting best practices to meet the evolving demands of the VUCA environment. This chapter discusses how organizations leverage DDDM in VUCA context to support effective and rapid decision making aligned with organizations vision. Particularly, it would offer insights to transit from volatility to vision, uncertainty to understanding, complexity to clarity, and ambiguity to agility. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
INTERFACING PRIMAL RELIGION OF THE HAMAI (ZELIANGRONG), CHRISTIANITY, HERAKA, AND TINGKAO RAGWANG CHAPRIAK
This chapter explores the intertwinement between four religious traditions, namely (1) Characheng (primal religion of the Hamai) and its offshoots, (2) Heraka, (3) Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak (TRC), and (4) Christianity in contemporary Hamai (Zeliangrong) communities. The influence of the primal Hamai religion on Christianity is unquestionable, and at the same time, these two traditions hold sway over Heraka and TRC in varying degrees. The impacts of the interaction are at the levels of consciousness, belief systems, practices, and values. The chapter brings out the asymmetric encounter between reformed religious traditions (Heraka) of the Hamai and the proselytisation of Christianity in the Hamai communities that had led to the extinction of the primal religion of the former. Remarkably, Heraka and TRC are counter-proselytising movements against Christianity based on the primal belief system and synthesis of Christian and Hindu belief systems. For this purpose, the research employs comparative and dialogical approaches to explore and analyse the interconnection among the above religions. It argues that the current forms of Christianity, Heraka, and TRC in Hamai tribes are unique in themselves, and at the same time, they are also cyclically inspired by one another in the process of their encounters. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Maguni Charan Behera; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Artificial intelligence its growing role in human resource management
In this competitive era, the impact of artificial intelligence in human resource management is increasing quickly. Collecting the relevant data and then analyzing it accurately can accelerate the efficient working process of the organization. Artificial intelligence has paved its way in the working of various departments like IT, finance, marketing, and HRM. In this research, the researcher focused on the emerging role of artificial intelligence in HR department and how it is acting as a stimulator in enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of various HR functions like recruitment, hiring, work- life balance, performance appraisal, etc. The chapter is based on descriptive research, in which the researcher has collected secondary data from various research papers, articles, blogs, and websites. The chapter focuses on the growing role of artificial intelligence in the human resource function of the organization. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Transforming Financial Sector Through Financial Literacy and Fintech Revolution
The current research focuses on the financial literacy among the women, youth and impact of fin-tech on the socioeconomic well-being of the economy. The researcher has incorporated extensive data mining on financial well-being and assesses the financial literacy along with attitude and behavior for financial knowledge mainly focusing on youth and usage of AI in financial services. It has been observed during research that the benefits of the technology are limited only to the urban areas, but the rural places are not much benefited and therefore more focus is needed for the financial technology to get amalgamated with rural lifestyle for convenience and transparency of financial transactions. This research paper contributes to the awareness of financial literacy and importance of financial reliance for the youth of today through knowledge sharing. The research also highlights the importance of government involvement in financial literacy and creating awareness at a global level for well-being of youth and women. Financial literacy can also improve the rate of entrepreneurs growth and financial decisions. Financial knowledge and fin-tech services can help in better financial decisions and saving culture for self-reliant youth. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021. -
IDS for Internet of things (IoT) and Industrial IoT Network
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a swiftly increasing domain of interconnected gadgets, technologies, and structures that may be achieved in a small, tightly associated environment or can travel across big geographic areas, including Smart Cities. IoT devices are increasingly deployed for numerous goals inclusive of records sensing, accumulating, and controlling. The IoT enhances user affairs by permitting a huge variety of smart gadgets to link and possible information. IoT gadgets are hastily evolving universally while IoT offerings have become pervasive. IoT devices include a big assortment of devices, along with small, embedded sensors, AI assistants, digital cameras, and so on, which can be found in various backgrounds, i.e., Smart Homes, Smart Communities, and Smart Cities. Smart Cities have developed into intriguing areas with technologies consisting of traffic-conscious streetlights which dynamically react to emergencies by editing site visitors styles. Moreover, with the adoption of 5G networks, technologies and techniques throughout towns have become blended. This persevered improvement of IoT advocated the expansion of sophisticated and complicated systems which appreciably adjust the community. However, these technologies have guided to a brand new threat to the security of grids. Many present-day malware assaults, targeted at classic computer systems linked to the Internet, will also be required for IoT gadgets. With those enhancements, malicious actors have found new methods to control their weaknesses. One of the biggest cyber-attacks in instances of terabits in step with 2d operated, infected IoT gadgets harmonized within a botnet provides a massive DDoS assault which disrupts the Internet range for large geographic regions. This attack underlines the increasing hazard posed via uncertain IoT devices. Moreover, attacks that include those are evolving as greater threats as a larger quantity of exposed gadgets is introduced to networks throughout the globe. Their actions are anomalous and higher are the numbers of hazards and assaults toward IoT devices. Cyber-attacks arent new to the IoT, however as the IoT may be deeply interwoven in our lives and societies, traditional protection resolutions are inadequate when managing these dangers. Oftentimes, safety answers are created to run locally on host appliances, i.e., antivirus software, or as standalone machines (i.e. community firewalls and intrusion detection structures (IDSs). However, the IoT has obtained a clean set of community protocols, together with Zigbee, Ant+, and 6LoWPAN, that traditional safety solutions, such as rule-primarily based firewalls and host-based total antivirus software programs, had been not equipped with or have no longer been revised to account for. Moreover, many IoT gadgets suffer from computational, storehouse, or network situations. Due to those constraints, IoT safety answers, especially an IoT IDS, must be lightweight enough, in phrases of the computational, garage, and networking resources, to be living on the devices but sturdy enough to accurately hit upon potential intrusions. Therefore, a holistic method needs to be regular while coming to IoT intrusion detection. IoT devices cant be considered in a vacuum as self-contained machines due to the fact a totally fledged, modern protection answer is just too aid-annoying for constructing on those gadgets. The normal safety of the network necessitates IoT gadgets to be included as associates within a security answer rather than as man or woman nodes. Therefore, green protection of IoT devices could keep millions of net customers away from malicious moves. However, present malware detection techniques are afflicted by excessive computational complexity. Hence, theres a real necessity to protect the IoT, which has therefore resulted in a requirement to completely recognize the threats and assaults in an IoT infrastructure. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Mayank Swarnkar and Shyam Singh Rajput; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Gut-Skin Axis: Role in Health and Disease
The human microbiome includes microorganisms and their cumulative genetic details that reside in the human body. Skin, the bodys most external organ and exposed to the external environment, is an ecosystem with 1.8 m2 area. It has a varying epidermal thickness, folds, and appendages in different areas including along with varying moisture and temperature level on the skin surface. Microbial colonization on the skin surface starts from the time of birth. The mode of delivery affects the colonization process to a considerable extent. The group of microbes colonizing the skin surface is determined by physical and chemical features of it, which applies to microbes inhabiting the gut and other ecological niches in the body as well. There is several common important characteristics shared commonly by gut and skin, where both are (1) heavily vascularized, (2) richly perfused, (3) densely innervated, (4) integrated to the immune system, (5) highly associated with the endocrine system, (6) extensively colonized with recognizable microbiota, and (7) both helps our body to communicate with its external environment. It has variously been reported that a close and bidirectional association within the gut and skin in maintaining the homeostasis and allostasis of skin and also gastrointestinal (GI) health. Therefore, numerous intestinal pathologies have been linked to skin comorbidities. It has been found that skin is directly impacted by the various circumstances that principally affect the intestine. Similarly, various gastrointestinal disorders could be linked to distinct dermatological entities. In the same context, a growing body of proof proposes an association of intestinal dysbiosis with many regular inflammatory skin pathologies including atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis, rosacea, and acne vulgaris. And the realization of this interconnected association between skin and gut has resulted in a new concept of the Gut-Skin Axis. An intimate bidirectional engagement between the gut and the skin has been well established by growing research evidence in this domain. Recent reports have indicated that the administration of specific Lactobacilli strains to mice can significantly alter the overall skin phenotype. Despite increasing research efforts in this domain, a systematic investigation of the Gut-Skin Axis remains ill explored by both gastroenterology as well as dermatology researchers. And in this context, here we are discussing various aspects of the Gut-Skin Axis and its role in the general well-being of individuals. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022. -
Artemisinin: A potent antimalarial drug
Artemisinin is known to be a potent antimalarial drug which is naturally obtained from the plant Artemisia annua L. Malaria is a global health problem with nearly 1.2 billion people at high risk. In 2001, WHO recognised artemisinin based combination therapies (ACTs), as the frontline drugs to fight against malaria and therefore, artemisinin is the most effective anti-malarial drug. It appears to be a safe drug with no adverse reactions or noticeable side effects, even for pregnant women. However, access to ACTs by malarial patients, especially in poor countries, is inadequate due to high volatility in price, unpredictable demand and low yield from A. annua. The huge gap in demand and supply has motivated researchers to explore artemisinin production in alternative systems like bacteria, yeast and tobacco. Scientists have been successful in producing this wonder molecule in heterologous hosts. Challenges associated with large-scale production and drug resistance against artemisinin has also been discussed to present a comprehensive picture of artemisnin production, application and limitations. 2019 Scrivener Publishing LLC. All rights reserved. -
Saccharomyces - eukaryotic probiotic for human applications
Probiotics are viable microorganisms which are meant to confer health benefits to host after ingestion. Any probiotic strain has a special characteristic to survive in the extremely acidic and hostile conditions of stomach and intestine. Among all the commercially available probiotic strains, prokaryotes constitute the bulk of it, with quite a few belonging to eukaryotic yeasts. Eukaryotic probiotics are very limited and currently there are only two yeast strains (Saccharomyces boulardii and Kluyveromyces sp.), which are approved for human consumption and are available commercially in market. S. boulardii has been reported to have tremendous therapeutic potential. The main mechanism of action for S. boulardii includes strong antagonistic effect against a number of enteric pathogens, trophic effects on the intestinal mucosa, neutralisation of bacterial toxins as well as modification of host cell signaling pathways involved in inflammatory and non-inflammatory intestinal disease. Pertaining to these advantages, S. boulardii have been reported to be exceptionally effective against diarrheal diseases and intestinal inflammatory conditions including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Increasing scientific reports confirming the therapeutic potential of eukaryotic probiotics and their advantages over prokaryotic probiotic strains have dramatically increased the worldwide interest in these probiotics. 2019 Scrivener Publishing LLC. -
Gut Microbiota and Cancer Correlates
The human microbiota is a concoction of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and other microorganisms. It is necessary to maintain a partnership between the host and the microbiota in order to maintain the different aspects of human physiology, such as nutrient absorption, immune function and metabolism. The microbiota can contribute to both progression and suppression of the disease, including cancer. A disturbance in this interspecies balance called microbiome dysbiosis becomes a reason for the host to be more prone to issues such as immunodeficiency and cancer. Gut microbiota could potentially influence the factors that govern cancer susceptibility and progression through mechanisms such as immunomodulation, by producing metabolites, such as, bacteriocins, antimicrobial peptides involved in tumor suppression, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and through enzymatic degradation. It is now an established fact that the host physiology as well as risk of diseases such as cancer could be greatly modulated by these commensal microbes and the regulation of cancer development, progression as well as response to anticancer therapy is greatly dependent on the host microbiota. Therefore, it is being envisaged that by the involvement of microbiome in augmenting antitumor responses to therapeutic approaches, potentially a new era of research with potentially broad implication on cancer treatment could be established. Better cancer treatment responsiveness can be achieved by understanding the role of the tumor microbiome in shaping the tumor microenvironment. This will help us to develop personalized anticancer solution with the goal to discover a bacterial species or a combination of species that decreases systemic toxicity and helps in anticancer therapy. This chapter is written in same context, which focuses on the association of the gut microbiome with the suppression and progression of cancers, the role of the immune system in this interaction, the utilization of these organisms for the treatment of cancers, and future perspectives. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021, corrected publication 2021. -
Agriculture as a means of alleviating rural poverty: Pursuant to the sustainable development goal-1
Poverty is one of the worst problems prevailing in the world. The poorest in the world are often without food, have little or no access to education, basic amenities of life, and lack health facilities. Eradication of Global Poverty eradication is a herculean and complex task. The origination of 2030 Agenda to eradicate poverty was done after the successful completion of the anti-poverty Millennium Development Goal, but still, a vast number of people were living in poverty and a great number among them were living in extreme poverty. So, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development called for the eradication of poverty in all poverty in forms from every corner of the world by almost half. In backward and developing nations, poverty is more rampant in rural areas. The economies of most of these nations are predominantly based on Agriculture and therefore progress in agriculture is viewed as a potent tool to eradicate rural poverty. However, there are serious issues that are required to be addressed in this regard. This chapter explores some vital issues related to agriculture which require the attention of the policymakers, to achieve the objective of reducing rural poverty through advancement in agriculture. 2023 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. -
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Neuroimaging for Cognitive Research
Artificial intelligence (AI)-based solutions are used in most of our daily activities. AI has been adapted and it has found various applications. Cognitive research is one area where AI has been applied to understand the hidden patterns in the data. Neuroimaging techniques investigate the neural basis of cognitive processes like perception, attention, memory, language, reasoning, decision-making, and problem-solving. The irregularities in the cognitive process lead to cognitive disabilities and diseases. Neuroimaging techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and positron emission tomography (PET), along with other data-gathering techniques, are studied to identify cognitive disorders. The imaging techniques generate large amounts of complex data. AI methods, including machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), natural language processing (NLP), and computer vision, are applied and used to analyse and interpret the data generated by various imagining techniques. Numerous techniques have been designed, developed, and proposed to handle the neuroimaging data for cognitive research with the help of AI techniques. AI techniques include ML algorithms like decision trees, random forest, support vector machine (SVM), principal component analysis (PCA), and DL algorithms, including convolution neural networks (CNNs), long short-term memory (LSTM), and generative adversarial networks (GANs). Recent advancements in the field of neuroimages use AI techniques to preprocess, process, and analyse the data generated by various neuroimaging modalities. This chapter provides an in-depth analysis and summary of various AI techniques for processing neuroimages for cognitive disorders. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Anitha S. Pillai and Bindu Menon; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Quantum optimization for machine learning
Machine learning is a branch of Artificial Intelligence that seeks to make machines learn from data. It is being applied for solving real world problems with huge amount of data. Though, Machine Learning is receiving wide acceptance, however, execution time is one of the major concerns in practical implementations of Machine Learning techniques. It largely comprises of a set of techniques that trains a model by reducing the error between the desired or actual outcome and an estimated or predicted outcome, which is often called as loss function. Thus, training in machine learning techniques often requires solving a difficult optimization problem, which is the most expensive step in the entire model-building process and its applications. One of the possible solutions in near future for reducing execution time of training process in Machine learning techniques is to implement them on quantum computers instead of classical computers. It is conjectured that quantum computers may be exponentially faster than classical computers for solving problems which involve matrix operations. Some of the machine learning techniques like support vector machines make extensive use of matrices, which can be made faster by implementing them on quantum computers. However, their efficient implementation is non-trivial and requires existence of quantum memories. Thus, another possible solution in near term is to use a hybrid of Classical Quantum approach, where a machine learning model is implemented in classical computer but the optimization of loss function during training is performed on quantum computer instead of classical computer. Several Quantum optimization algorithms have been proposed in recent years, which can be classified as gradient based and gradient free optimization techniques. Gradient based techniques require the nature of optimization problem being solved to be convex, continuous and differentiable otherwise if the problem is non-convex then they can find local optima only whereas gradient free optimization techniques work well even with non-continuous, non-linear and nonconvex optimization problems. This chapter discusses a global optimization technique based on Adiabatic Quantum Computation (AQC) to solve minimization of loss function without any restriction on its structure and the underlying model, which is being learned. Further, it is also shown that in the proposed framework, AQC based approach would be superior to circuit-based approach in solving global optimization problems. 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston. All rights reserved.