Browse Items (1422 total)
Sort by:
-
A Framework for Enhancing Classification in BrainComputer Interface
Over the past twenty years, the various merits of braincomputer interface (BCI) have garnered much recognition in the industry and scientific institutes. An increase in the quality of life is the key benefit of BCI utilization. The majority of the published works are associated with the examination and assessment of classification algorithms due to the ever-increasing interest in electroencephalography-based (EEG) BCIs. Yet, another objective is to offer guidelines that aid the reader in picking the best-suited classification algorithm for a given BCI experiment. For a given BCI system, selecting the best-suited classifier essentially requires an understanding of the features to be utilized, their properties, and their practical uses. As a feature extraction method, the common spatial pattern (CSP) will project multichannel EEG signals into a subspace to highlight the variations between the classes and minimize the similarities. This work has evaluated the efficacy of various classification algorithms like Naive Bayes, k-nearest neighbor classifier, classification and regression tree (CART), and AdaBoost for the BCI framework. Furthermore, the work has offered the proposal for channel selection with recursive feature elimination. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Smart medical sensor
Medical sensors facilitate health-care applications to save a patient's life by continuously monitoring the patient's health. The combined feature of medical sensors and the fastest growing techniques that are Internet of things improves the accuracy of treatment. Internet of things techniques serve the smart and very effective medical service. Early diagnosis of the symptoms helps the health-care provider to get success in the treatment to save a patient's life. Many medical sensors are available in the health-care application that can monitor continuously patient health. Medical sensors can be wearable and nonwearable. There are some common parameters such as body temperature and a heart rate that are used to monitor human activity. These parameters are measured by using wearable and body-embedded sensors. The data collected from these parameters are analyzed by the medical devices for early detection of disease. The advanced internet of things techniques help to connect the sensors, patients, hospitals, and other medical devices. In this chapter, we highlight the use of different types of sensors with advanced technology (internet of things). 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Parallel organizations and subversion of the grass-roots democracy in Andhra Pradesh
[No abstract available] -
Software Quality Prediction by CatBoost: Feed-Forward Neural Network in Software Engineering
Software quality is the key aspect of every software organization. Multiple frameworks and algorithms are essential to ensure quality. However, multiple software failures occur uninvited. There are multiple aspects that skew a softwares efficiency. Now the software quality analysis framework mostly focuses on design flaws and test plans done during development. To overcome this problem of software failure, this research proposes a prediction for software efficiency analysis in software engineering using enhanced feed-forward neural network machine learning classification with CatBoost. This research also evaluates the parameters of efficiency of each software component before implementation. This proposed work also analyses the basic aspects that need to be ensured before the design phase of any software. 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Flow Cytometry Analysis of In Vitro Induced Polyploidy in Plants
Polyploidy is the condition of having more than two sets of chromosomes. The mechanism of polyploidy helps in deriving special traits like an increase in biomass, an increase in the size of various organ systems, and secondary metabolite content for the progeny. Various chemical compounds (colchicine, trifluralin, and oryzalin) that have the capacity to alter the mitotic cycle were used for the purpose of inducing polyploidy. Various techniques, such as counting of chromosome number, chloroplast number, determination of pollen diameter, and estimation of leaf stomatal density and size, were developed to analyze the polyploidy of the plants. However, these methods are not reliable for their regular use. Thus, of all the above-mentioned approaches, the estimation of ploidy level by flow cytometry (FCM) has been the most popular over the last few decades. Flow cytometry is now extensively used for the verification of haploidy, aneuploidy, and polyploidy. The ease of sample preparation, fast acquisition, and accurate measurements have made the method popular in the domains of plant cell biology, systematics, evolution, genetics, and biotechnology. The current chapter discusses the induction of polyploidy and its importance in plant breeding. It also emphasizes the importance of FCM in the analysis of polyploidy and enumerates the various polyploidy studies involving the application of FCM. 2023, Bentham Science Publishers. -
Role of plant tissue culture medium components
The plant tissue culture technique is one of the most acquainted techniques and has been practiced since 1902 for the development of disease-free plants with desired quality, at a larger production rate within a short span of time, irrespective of the season. Each plant has its own morphology and nutritional requirements. Moreover, the nutritional requirement for the tissues in each part of the plant varies. Thus, for the optimal growth of the desired plant, the composition and choice of the suitable media are crucial factors. The formulation of the nutrient medium for the specific tissue and the specific plant plays a vital role in the development of suitable plant tissue culture techniques. This chapter discusses the main components of the plant tissue culture media: basic components which include macroelements, microelements, nitrogen sources (including amino acids), carbon sources, organic supplements (mainly vitamins and other supplements), growth regulators like auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene, and solidifying agents. The basic components have to be incorporated at a fixed concentration. The plant growth regulators are supplemented for organogenesis and the balance between the growth regulators depends on the type of tissue culture technique adopted. The additional supplements are incorporated into the media to achieve specific responses which include activated charcoal, antioxidants, ethylene inhibitors, and complex organic additives, and antibiotics/antifungal agents are supplemented to prevent plant loss due to contamination. The chapter also emphasizes the sterilization techniques and their importance in the plant tissue culture medium. The significance of the adoption of automated media preparation and incorporation of nanoparticles in the tissue culture media is also discussed. 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Skill sets required to meet a human-centered Industry 5.0: A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis
The first industrial revolution, known as Industry 1.0, was primarily concerned with mechanical engineering and water and steam. Electric power systems and mass production assembly lines were established during the second industrial revolution (Industry 2.0). The third industrial revolution (Industry 3.0) was defined as automatic manufacturing and the incorporation of electronics, computers, and information technology into manufacturing. The fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) is automating business operations and advancing manufacturing to a level based on connected devices, smart factories, cyberphysical systems (CPS), and the internet of things (IoT), where machines will change how they interact with one another and carry out specific tasks. Industry 5.0, with all modern technologies, is aimed to be a harmonious balance between human and machine interaction, and has an emphasis on sustainable growth. The present study uses an interpretive-qualitative research method to review the skill sets required to meet a human-centered Industry 5.0. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Practical Benefits of Using AI for More Accurate Forecasting in Mental Health Care
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the general term for being able to make computers do things that require human-like intelligence. AI is the novel idea of the computer pioneers like Alan Turning and John von Neumann in the 1940s. Their novel intuition towards making machines think is the key start for this AI technology evolution. As shown in Fig. 1, the first milestone of AI happened in the year 1956 when it was proved by a group of researchers that a machine could solve any problem with the use of an unlimited amount of memory. Here they named this program General Problem Solver (GPS). 2024 Sachi Nandan Mohanty, Preethi Nanjundan and Tejaswini Kar. -
Global Trade and Food Security
Global trade can increase food availability and improve food security by facilitating food movement between countries and regions. However, it also poses challenges to food security, including the displacement of small-scale farmers and food producers, food safety risks, dependence on imports, and the distortion of global trade through agricultural subsidies. To ensure food security in global trade, a coordinated and multi-sectoral approach is needed that promotes sustain-able and equitable food systems, local food production, and food safety. Addressing these challenges is critical for ensuring the adequacy and accessibility of sufficient, safe, and nutritious food while fostering economic development and environmental sustainability. Economic development and government policies are crucial deter-minants of a countrys ability to engage in global trade and ensure food security. Climate and weather patterns, agricultural practices, infrastructure and transporta-tion, and market demand influence food security significantly. Furthermore, interna-tional conflicts disrupt trade and impact food security. Policymakers must consider all these factors while developing policies promoting trade and ensuring food secu-rity. To solve these complicated concerns and promote sustainable agriculture and trade practices, governments, international organizations, and the corporate sector must work in concert to improve food security. Food security has a significant impact on global trade, as the availability and accessibility of food directly affect a countrys ability to engage in international trade. When a country experiences food shortages may reduce or halt its exports, causing a ripple effect in the global economy and leading to higher food prices and insecurity in other countries that rely on imported food. Nevertheless, economies with high levels of food security and surplus food production are better positioned to engage in global trade. They export food to other countries, generating revenue and supporting economic growth by creating trade barriers, as importing countries may reject or restrict such food products, nega-tively impacting global trade. In addition to the economic impacts, food security also has broader societal and environmental implications. For example, food insecu-rity can lead to malnutrition, affecting individuals physical and cognitive develop-ment, particularly children. Moreover, unsustainable agricultural practices can lead to environmental degradation, affecting biodiversity, soil quality, and water resources, affecting food security. The determinants of food security in global trade and its impact are analyzed in this chapter. Since food security is an essential factor in inter-national trade, impacting trade flows, economic growth, and public health. Promoting sustainable agriculture and trade practices and building robust food security systems can support a more resilient and equitable global food system, benefiting producers and consumers. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Navigating the digital frontier: Trends, innovation, and challenges in industry 5.0
Industry 5.0 is a shift in industrial processes involving robots and AI, enhancing efficiency and customization. International organizations are implementing Industry 5.0, leveraging cognitive virtual minds, AI, additive technologies, and 5G networks. However, Industry 5.0 presents challenges such as job displacement by low adaptability machines and requires substantial investments to transform existing industrial setups. Creative thinking, cybersecurity, and human-machine collaboration are essential for overcoming these challenges. Cyber-Physical system integration, cybersecurity, IoT, AI, and human-machine collaboration are key strategies. Continuous learning, virtual training, and digital twin technology are essential for a skilled workforce. Collaboration is essential for tackling complex digital issues, and organizations must anticipate future trends and prepare for technological breakthroughs. Ethical thinking and responsible AI practices are also crucial. Industry 5.0 is a transformative journey involving advanced technologies into manufacturing processes. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Urbanization and the impact on economic development
Urbanization is a global trend that has both positive and negative impacts on economic development. Urban areas are hubs of innovation, investment, and job creation, leading to increased productivity and economic growth. It also brings challenges such as rapid population growth, environmental degradation, and social inequality. Industrialization, closely linked to urbanization, drives economic growth but leads to environmental and social issues. Balancing the benefits of industrialization with sustainable development and social inclusion is crucial. Policymakers ensure that economic growth is shared equitably, and develop environmentally and socially sustainable. Urbanization poses challenges in terms of strained infrastructure, inadequate housing, and social exclusion. These challenges need to be addressed through comprehensive approaches, including investments in infrastructure, education, social welfare, and sustainable urban design. Government, civil society, and private sector partnerships play a vital role in promoting inclusive and sustainable economic growth. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
DNA-based authentication to access internet of things-based healthcare data
Data security and privacy are always considered as critical aspects, especially in healthcare. The advent of technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) has encouraged a great deal of attention in this digital era and helped to improve e-health services. IoT-based services in healthcare and their applications have led to potential growth of quality services in healthcare. However, the sensitive nature of healthcare data and IoT devices which store and collect real-time data makes it even more vulnerable to various attacks. With the development of digitalized data and IoT-based e-health systems, authentication mechanisms are essential to ensure both usability and security. Considering these aspects, a novel, secure user authentication scheme is proposed that uses user ID, unique ID (AADHAAR), password, DNA steganography, and hash function. An One Time Password method is also proposed to strengthen the device authentication. The Scyther tool is used for security analysis and to validate the claims. 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Social cognition, person perception, and social categorisation as building blocks of the theory of mind
Day-to-day life presents us with numerous new experiences and exposure to different people, with social functioning being a major portion of one's living days. The theory of mind, a mental map of an individual in automating behaviour, is a process and product of one's social cognitions. There are evident changes across generations in terms of these cognitions and social processing, hence showing need for understanding the theory of mind of different generations, breaking it down into its component parts. The present study was conducted to understand the components of the theory of mind in relation to social functioning. Sixty-three participants across three different generations, Generation X, Millennials, and Generation Z, were subjected to focused group discussions and the collected data analysed using a grounded theory approach. The analysis identified five components of the theory of mind applicable to all generations: social perception, social judgment, people perception, people preference, and social categorisation. 2024, IGI Global. -
An exploration of python libraries in machine learning models for data science
Python libraries are used in this chapter to create data science models. Data science is the construction of models that can predict and act on data, which is a subset of machine learning. Data science is an essential component of a number of fields because of the exponential growth of data. Python is a popular programming language for implementing machine learning models. The chapter discusses machine learning's role in data science, Python's role in this field, as well as how Python can be utilized. A breast cancer dataset is used as a data source for building machine learning models using Python libraries. Pandas, numpy, matplotlib, seaborn, scikitlearn, and tensorflow are some Python libraries discussed in this chapter, in addition to data preprocessing methods. A number of machine learning models for breast cancer treatment are discussed using this dataset and Python libraries. A discussion of machine learning's future in data science is provided at the conclusion of the chapter. Python libraries for machine learning are very useful for data scientists and researchers in general. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Strategic Management Practices for Sustainability: A Study of Micro-entrepreneurs of Wellness Industry in Mysore District
The global wellness industry is seeing a major shift in its relevance and growth post COVID-19. The fast-growing wellness industry is driven by organizations of all sizes and scope: large, medium, small and micro enterprises offering a range of services from holistic wellness offerings to focused services, such as beauty, spa, alternative therapy, gym and physical fitness. While we have heterogeneous businesses on the supply side, we have the entire global population on the demand side. Due to the size of the market and growth potential, the competition in wellness service space is intense. In such a situation, it is a challenge to register growth and sustain the same. The challenge is more pronounced for micro-entrepreneurs due to their limited resources and reach. It calls for a strategic approach to managing the businesses to endure the competition and succeed. Hence, wellness businesses are adopting Strategic Management Practices (SMPs) in greater numbers. However, not all strategies work. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of significant SMPs adopted by micro-entrepreneurs on business sustainability in the wellness industry. Responses of 392 microentrepreneurs from the wellness industry are recorded and analyzed for the SMPs adopted by them for the economic, environmental and social sustainability of their businesses. The study identified various strategic approaches that are implemented by micro-entrepreneurs in Mysore District and studied the impact SMPs had on sustainability factors of the wellness industry. A model is proposed to support the study. The results conclude that the application of a good amount of SMPs in the form of strategic entrepreneurship enhances the sustainability of a venture as well as the industry, aiding transformation from an unorganized to an organized sector and better regulations. 2024 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. -
Leveraging Blockchain Technology forInternet ofThings Powered Banking Sector
Banking sector contributes to 70% of Indian Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and for India to meet its economic aspirations, it should enable this vivacious sector to grow at 810 times of its current pace, in the next ten years. This pace of active growth requires a double engine of sophisticated technology and a tech enabled, scalable, and a secured banking system. Implementing BlockchainTechnology (BCT) in the banking sector, provides a realistic solution which when coupled with devices connected by the Internet of Things(IoT), will result in secured, fast-paced, cost effective, and transparent growth of the sector. The prevalence of personalized banking, secured banking, connected banking, and digital banking are use cases, made possible through interface with IoT. This chapter delves into the opportunities in the banking sector to be explored and challenges to be met in the BCT-IoT implementation process. BCT- and IoT-based opportunities such as peer-to-peer lending, Know Your Customer (KYC) updation, Cross-border transfer payments, syndicate lending, fraud reduction are some of the banking operations that are elaborated. To strengthen the banking network, the consensus algorithm of Blockchainnetwork is much required and the use of IoT devices to act as nodes is pertinent. The blend of both in the banking space has to be further reinforced. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Insights into thyroid disease: Harnessing machine learning for analysis and classification of multi-label medical data
Thyroid disease refers to a wide range of disorders that occur due to dysfunction of the thyroid gland, a small gland located at the base of the neck that produces thyroid hormones. Through the analysis of this comprehensive dataset, we aim to utilize machine learning (ML) techniques for the analysis and classification of thyroid data. Employing ML techniques for thyroid classification has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, facilitate timelier interventions, lower expenses, optimize doctor time, and foster a more personalized approach to thyroid care. The objective of this research was to conduct multiclassification, encompassing the broadest array of classes for the target variable. To address the imbalances within the dataset, we employed the Synthetic Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) as a resampling method. Specifically, classes with a minimum of 10 samples were retained, resulting in the inclusion of 19 out of the total 34 classes in the dataset. The importance of SMOTE in addressing class imbalance is examined in this chapter, with an emphasis on how it may be used to enhance classifier model performance. Moreover, we conducted a comparative analysis of Classification Models, including Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbor, Decision Tree, SVM, Gradient Boosting, Multinomial Naive Bayes, and Logistic Regression, to assess their accuracies. Following the resampling of the dataset, the highest accuracy of 99.99% was achieved with the gradient booster. Additionally, this research incorporated the association rule technique to uncover meaningful relationships within the dataset. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Arun Kumar Rana, Vishnu Sharma, Sanjeev Kumar Rana, and Vijay Shanker Chaudhary; individual chapters, the contributors. All rights reserved. -
Starting from the roots of teacher education: Inclusion of educational neuroscience in teacher training in India
Educational neuroscience has warranted much research and showed much promise in recent times. However, there is a lack of effective bridging between research in this field and its implementation in actual classroom settings. In order to bridge this gap, a key strategy is to include educational neuroscience in teacher training and education. The current study uses a survey method to assess student-teachers' awareness, opinions, and openness toward educational neuroscience concepts and techniques. This study examines a snowball sample of 83 Indian student-teachers who joined the Bachelor of Education program in 2018, 2019, and 2020. The results of this study indicate that although most student-teachers are aware of certain techniques, they are unaware that it is part of educational neuroscience. Further, the student-teachers also showed interest in learning such techniques and considered it relevant and useful in classroom teaching. Finally, this study also highlights the role of decision-makers in including educational neuroscience in the B.Ed. program, possibly as an optional paper. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021. All rights reserved. -
A Critical Study: The Transactional Concept of Coping through Electronic Media during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Introduction: Numerous individuals worldwide experienced grief during the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the imposed isolation and limited accessibility of external resources, media was used extensively as a coping mechanism in several forms. Purpose: In the fast-moving world with the emergence of technology, this chapter articulates the emerging trends of media and its impact. The study aims to explore how grief is handled and resolved with the help of electronic media. Methodology: The study reviews existing literature to explore media-related coping strategies by applying the Lazarus-Folkman transactional coping theory as a lens. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in media usage among individuals. Based on a review of existing research, media-based coping was used for a range of stressors, including isolation, misinformation and time wastage, work-life disruption, and personal loss. Media is a potential source of readily available, accessible, and effective coping. It can be harnessed to support the rising number of individuals whose mental health needs cannot be catered to by the limited number of qualified mental health professionals. Conclusion: Grief can be handled and resolved in different ways with the assistance of the media. The media can also be used to override the taboo that prevents individuals from seeking support to cope with their grief. Researchers and practising mental health professionals can explore the utility of media-based coping mechanisms and formulate plans to use them effectively. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Dr Uzaina, Dr Rajesh Verma with Dr Ruchi Pandey; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Playing With Differences: Social-Emotional Learning to Reduce Bullying and Promote Inclusivity
Inclusivity is a key indicator for the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. At the school level, bullying mars the appreciation of individual differences and acts as a barrier to inclusivity. The use of social-emotional learning is recommended to promote inclusivity and reduce bullying. Play is an enjoyable form of learning social-emotional skills for all age groups. It is also known to promote positive peer relationships and enable learners to develop a wide range of skills. Hence, educators can incorporate play through digital pedagogical tools and grade-wise play activities to engage students. Resultantly, learners can become emotionally intelligent individuals, sensitive to and respectful of differences. 2023 by IGI Global. All rights reserved.