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Non-Contact Vital Prediction Using rPPG Signals
In this paper, we present the clinical significance of various cardiac symptoms with the use of heart rate detection, ongoing monitoring and present emotions. The development of algorithms for remote photoplethysmography has drawn a lot of interest during the past decade (rPPG). As a result, using data gathered from the video feed, we can now precisely follow the heart rate of individuals who are still seated. rPPG algorithms have also been developed, in addition to technique based on hand-crafted characteristics. Deep learning techniques often need a lot of data to train on, but biomedical data frequently lacks real-world examples. The experiment described in this work, we looked at how illumination affected the rPPG signals' SNR. The findings show that the SNR in each RGB channel varies depending on the colour of the light source. Paper describes development in video filtering for recognising the comprehending human face emotions. In our method, emotions are deduced by identifying facial landmarks and analysing their placement. 2023 IEEE. -
Non-Fungible Token (NFT): Bubble or Future in the World of Block Chain Technology
The introduction of blockchain technology entering into human existence, which is a reinforcement of the cryptocurrency space, is both a concern and an opportunity. The main motivation underlying such an invention is conditional transparency and the unmatched ability to protect people against data destruction. The collecting drive of NFTs is profitable and also has sparked curiosity, with everyone vying for the first piece of the package, increasing the future Value of an NFT, as it is a very new topic about NFT using block-chain technology. It is something quite about a flurry of blockchain technological stories that leave us wondering. In this research paper, we explained the new emerging Non-Fungible Token (NFT), its uses, and implications. 2023 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved. -
Non-linear Convection in Couple Stress Fluid with Non-classical Heat Conduction Under Magnetic Field Modulation
A theoretical examination of thermal convection for a couple stress fluid which is electrically conducting and possessing significant thermal relaxation time is explored under time dependent magnetic field. Fouriers law fails for a diverse area of applications such as fluids subjected to rapid heating, strongly confined fluid and nano-devices and hence a non-classical heat conduction law is employed. The heat transport in the system is examined and quantified employing the Lorenz model. The Nusselt number is deduced to quantitate the transfer of heat. 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Novel Deep Neural Network Based Stress Detection System
Stress is a state of tension on an emotional or bodily level. Frustration, despair, anxiety, and other mental health problems can all be brought on by Stress. Strain is a side effect of Stress. People can openly share their views and opinions on social media networking sites like Twitter and Facebook, which are highly popular. The COVID 19 pandemic has wreaked havoc on millions of peoples lives all across the world. The public has experienced Stress as a result of the various measures employed to stop the spread of COVID 19, including confinement and social isolation. The current research seeks to develop an unique COVID 19 scenario-based deep neural network-based Stress detection system using tweets related to COVID 19. We use deep learning to create three models. RNN with single LSTM layer, two layers of LSTM with RNN followed by bidirectional LSTM layer is built to detect Stress for the considered dataset. A number of recurrent neural networks are built upon the Keras layers. The optimization algorithm called RMSProp and Sigmoid activation function is used. It is observed that RNN with 2 layers of LSTM outperforms the other deep learning architectures constructed. 2023 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved. -
Novel hybrid metamaterial to improve the performance of a beamforming antenna
This paper investigates the design and implementation of a novel hybrid metamaterial unit cell to improve a beamforming Wi-Fi antenna's performance. The proposed metamaterial unit cell is created on an FR-4 substrate (?? = 4.4) and a thickness of 1.6 mm. The metallization height of the unit cell is maintained at 0.035 mm. The designed metamaterial unit cell is simulated using HFSS Ver. 18.2 to verify the double negative behaviour. The unit cell consists of five Split Ring Resonators (SRR's) at the bottom and a hexagonal ring of six triangles. Initially, a conventional inset fed microstrip patch antenna is designed then an array of the proposed unit cell is created and used as a superstrate to study the performance. A Three Element Antenna Array (TEAA) is designed to operate at 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi band, and the superstrate created out of the proposed unit cell is used to study its effect. Metamaterial superstrate improved the conventional Single Element Antenna (SEA) gain by approximately 2 dB. Superstrate with TEAA exhibited an improved gain of 1 dB over TEAA. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. -
Novel PAPR Reduction in UFMC system for 5G Wireless Networks Using Precoding Algorithm
The Universal Filtered Multi-carrier (UFMC) system is promising alternative multicarrier modulation scheme for fifth generation (5G) cellular networks. UFMC systems offer many advantages such as larger spectral efficiency, robustness, lower latency and minimizing out of band emission. However, the most serious problem in the UFMC system is high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). This high peak signal is seriously harmed by the high power amplifier (HPA). Therefore, this research presents a novel Square Root raised Cosine function (SRC)-Precoding method introduced to reduction of PAPR. A performance analysis of various methods being examined upon in terms of CCDF of PAPR and the BER. The Simulation result shows that the proposed approach can effectively reduce the PAPR 6dB compared to standard UFMC. Moreover, the bit error rate (BER) study of the UFMC model indicates that the proposed approach significantly improves 15 dB compared with conventional UFMC systems. 2022 IEEE. -
Object Detection with Augmented Reality
This study describes an artificial intelligence (AI)-based object identification system for detecting real-world items and superimposing digital information in Augmented Reality (AR) settings. The system evaluates the camera stream from an AR device for real-Time recognition using deep learning algorithms trained on a collection of real-world items and their related digital information. Object recognition applications in AR include gaming, education, and marketing, which provide immersive experiences, interactive learning, and better product presentations, respectively. However, challenges such as acquiring larger and more diverse datasets, developing robust deep learning algorithms for varying conditions, and optimizing performance on resource-constrained devices remain. The AI-based object recognition system demonstrates the potential to transform AR experiences across domains, while emphasizing the need for ongoing research and development to fully realize its capabilities. 2023 IEEE. -
Occupancy improvement in serviced apartments: Customer profiling
Sustaining and improving higher occupancy and generating steady revenue by bringing the experience of 'Home away from Home'for the Customers is the business model of ServicedApartments Industry. Serviced Apartment Industry has to be highly competitive. Its performance is governed by many factors such as competition, technology, social factors and lastly Customers themselves. This study focuses only on Customer profile. To achieve results, the Serviced Apartment Owners/Managers will need to study Customers' profile and their needs. Customer satisfaction and retention lead to better customer loyalty, occupancy rates, and revenue. In this paper a methodological framework to analyze and profile Serviced Apartment Customers is discussed, focusing on the factors and particularly the Customer information which could help in increasing the Occupancy. There is a trend that would normally go unnoticed if analysis of data is taken at the aggregate level but looking at them individually, it provides interesting information. 2012 Taylor & Francis Group. -
Oil Price Volatility and Its Impact on Industry Stock Return Bi Variate Analysis
Oil price volatility impacts industries differently depending on a countrys status as a net oil importer or exporter. In oil-importing nations like India, sectors such as banking, energy, materials, retailing, transportation, and manufacturing are adversely affected by price fluctuations, while industries like food, beverages, and pharmaceuticals tend to be more resilient. Conversely, oil-exporting countries experience milder effects, with the oil and gas sector bearing the brunt of supply disruptions while other industries remain insulated. Over time, the correlation between oil prices and stock market performance has strengthened, making oil price volatility a systemic risk factor. The source of oil price shocks, whether from demand changes or supply disruptions, significantly influences their impact on stock returns. Notably, there are substantial volatility spillovers between oil and stock markets. This study aims to explore the relationship between oil shocks and industry returns using various multivariate models, highlighting the importance of considering oil as a relevant risk factor in portfolio management. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
On Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) using Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Images
Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) is used to image sea surface targets during day/night and all-weather capabilities for applications such as coastal surveillance, ship self-defense, suppression of drug trafficking etc. Hence automating classification of ships by means of machine learning methods has become more significant. Typical classification approaches consist of pre-processing, feature extraction and processing by classifiers. Image processing techniques are applied for pre-processing ISAR images. Transformation invariant features are then extracted to which classifiers such as SVM, Neural Networks (NNs) are applied. The performance of these algorithms depend on the manually chosen features and is trained to perform well for different target profiles. The target image (profile of target) varies depending on the target type, aspect angle and motion introduced due to different sea states. In addition, Deep learning methods are also being explored for classification of ships. The challenge is to classify ships for different sea conditions and image acquisition parameters with limited database and processing resource. 2023 IEEE. -
On C-Perfection of Tensor Product of Graphs
A graph G is C-perfect if, for each induced subgraph H in G, the induced cycle independence number of H is equal to its induced cycle covering number. Here, the induced cycle independence number of a graph G is the cardinality of the largest vertex subset of G, whose elements do not share a common induced cycle, and induced cycle covering number is the minimum number of induced cycles in G that covers the vertex set of G. C-perfect graphs are characterized as series-parallel graphs that do not contain any induced subdivisions of K2,3, in literature. They are also isomorphic to the class of graphs that has an IC-tree. In this article, we examine the C-perfection of tensor product of graphs, also called direct product or Kronecker product. The structural properties of C-perfect tensor product of graphs are studied. Further, a characterization for C-perfect tensor product of graphs is obtained. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
On Circulant Completion of Graphs
A graph G with vertex set as {v0, v1, v2,.., vn-1} corresponding to the elements of Zn, the group of integers under addition modulo n, is said to be a circulant graph if the edge set of G consists of all edges of the form {vi, vj} where (i-j)(modn)?S?{1,2,,n-1}, that is, closed under inverses. The set S is known as the connection set. In this paper, we present some techniques and characterisations which enable us to obtain a circulant completion graph of a given graph and thereby evaluate the circulant completion number. The obtained results provide the basic eligibilities for a graph to have a particular circulant completion graph. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
On Combinatorial Handoff Strategies for Spectrum Mobility in Ad Hoc Networks: A Comparative Review
Technological advancements have made communication on-the-go seamless. Spectrum mobility is a networking concept that involves access technologies that allow highly mobile nodes to communicate with each other. Ad-hoc networks are formed between mobile nodes where fixed infrastructure is not used. Due to the lack of such fixed access points for connectivity, the nodes involved make use of the best network available to transmit data. Due to heterogeneous networks involvement, the mobile nodes may face trouble finding the most optimal network for transmission. Existing technologies allow the nodes to select available networks, but the selection process is not optimized, leading to frequent switching. This leads to packet loss, low data rates, high delay, etc. Many researchers have proposed optimal strategies for performing handoff in wireless networks. This paper reviews combinatorial strategies that make use of multiple techniques to perform a handoff. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
On degree product induced signed graphs of graphs
A signed graph is a graph with positive or negative signs assigned to edges. An induced signed graph is a signed graph constructed from a given graph according to some pre-defined protocols. An induced signed graph of a graph G is a signed graph in which each edge uv receives a sign (-1)|?(v)-?(u)|, where ?: V(G) ? ?. In this paper, we discuss degree product induced signed graphs and determine the structural properties of these signed graphs such as balancing, clustering, regularity and co-regularity. 2020 Author(s). -
On Equitable Chromatic Completion of Some Graph Classes
An edge of a properly vertex-colored graph is said to be a good edge if it has end vertices of different color. The chromatic completion graph of a graph G is a graph obtained by adding all possible good edges to G. The chromatic completion number of G is the maximum number of new good edges added to G. An equitable coloring of a graph G is a proper vertex coloring of G such that the difference of cardinalities of any two color classes is at most 1. In this paper, we discuss the chromatic completion graphs and chromatic completion number of certain graph classes, with respect to their equitable coloring. 2022 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved. -
On Equitable Near Proper Coloring of Certain Graph Classes
The non-availability of sufficient number of colors to color a graph leads to defective coloring problems. Coloring a graph with insufficient number of colors cause the end vertices of some edges receive the same color. Such edges with same colored end vertices are called as bad edges. The minimum number of bad edges obtained from an equitable near proper coloring of a graph G is known as equitable defective number. In this paper, we discuss the equitable near proper coloring of some families of graphs and we also determine the equitable defective number for the same. 2022 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved. -
On Equitable Near Proper Coloring of Mycielski Graph of Graphs
When the available number of colors are less than that of the equitable chromatic number, there may be some edges whose end vertices receive the same color. These edges are called as bad edges. An equitable near-proper coloring of a graph G is a defective coloring in which the number of vertices in any two color classes differ by at most one and the resulting bad edges is minimized by restricting the number of color classes that can have adjacency among their own elements. In this paper, we investigate the equitable near-proper coloring of Mycielski graph of graphs and determine the equitable defective number of those graphs. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
On Improving Quality of Experience of 4G Mobile Networks A Slack Based Approach
This paper analyses Indias four top 4G Mobile network Providers with respect to five key user experience metrics Video, Games, Voice app, Download speed and Upload speed. Results using Data Envelopment Analysis show Airtel and Vodafone-Idea performing with maximum relative efficiency with respect to these metrics, while BSNL and Jio closely follow them. Further analysis using the Slack Based Measure shows where and by how much BSNL and Jio need to improve to perform at par with Airtel and Vodafone-Idea. On certain variables, for instance Voice app, BSNL and Jio perform well, with no need for improvement. On the contrary, for Upload and Download speed experiences, both BSNL and Jio lag. For Video and Games, there is still scope for improvement, although both these players are reasonable in their performance. Thus, this analysis provides an accurate and optimal benchmark for each variable whose user experience has been evaluated. 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
On interval valued fuzzy graphs associated with a finite group
We associate a particular type of interval-valued fuzzy graph(IVFG) called interval-valued fuzzy identity graph(IVFIG) with every finite group and study its various properties. We show that IVFIG associated with a finite group is not unique. We also show that every IVFIG associated with a finite group is a strong IVFG. It does not contain any feeble or weak arcs. Further, it is strongly connected. We prove that the IVFIG associated with a finite group in which every element is self inversed is an interval-valued fuzzy tree and the IVFIG of Zn (n is odd) under addition modulo n is the disjoint union of interval-valued fuzzy cycles. 2020 Author(s). -
On near-perfect numbers with five prime factors
Let n be a positive integer and ?(n) the sum of all the positive divisors of n. We call n a near-perfect number with redundant divisor d if ?(n) = 2n + d. Let n be an odd near-perfect number of the form n = pa11 ? pa22 ? pa33 ? pa44 ? pa55 where pis are odd primes and ais (1 ? i ? 5) are positive integers. In this article, we prove that 3 | n and one of 5, 7, 11 | n. We also show that there exists no odd near-perfect number when n = 3a1 ? 7a2 ? pa33 ? pa44 ? pa55 with p3 ? {17, 19} and when n = 3a1 ? 11a2 ? pa33 ? pa44 ? pa55 Mathematical and Computational Sciences - Proceedings of the ICRTMPCS International Conference 2023.All rights reserved.