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WORK LIFE BALANCE: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SECTOR
Major issues and challenges in work life balance is the impact of work life balance (WLB) on quality of life (QOL). Work-life balance has always been a concern of those interested in the quality of working life and its relation to broader quality of life. Some other issues and challenges are work-family conflict, impact of work and family stressors and conflicts on the mental health, stress and work life balance etc. Quality of life refers to the favourableness or unfavourableness of a total environment for people. QOL programs are another way in which organisations recognise their responsibility to develop jobs and working conditions that are excellent for people as well as for economic health of the organisation. Work ?? Life Balance is a challenging issue for IT leaders, managers and has also attracted the attention of researchers. Work/life balance, in its broadest sense, is defined as a satisfactory level of involvement or ??fit between the multiple roles in a persons life. In this climate managing the boundary between home and work is becoming more challenging. This study is an attempt to contribute afresh with a new perspective to the field of human resources with special reference to QOL in relation of employees work ?? life balance in IT organizations. It is also an earnest attempt to bridge the gap especially in this area by highlighting the relevance and importance of work ?? life balance and QOL to leadership, senior management, individual and organizations and hoping this study will initiate a series of serious and productive discussion on the subject. The findings and outcome of this research will be beneficial to the IT organizations in India, which is a flourishing industry and contributes significantly to the GDP of the country and the talent pool of the world The sample consisted of 350 IT employees from Bangalore city. The sample consisted both male and female married IT employees. The major findings of the study were: i.Work life balance is having positive correlation with quality of life. ii.It was found that the PLIW has a significant influence on the overall stress of the employees. The other variable does not seem to significantly influence the overall stress of the employees. iii.It was found that there was no significant influence of the work life balance on the life enjoyment of the employees. iv.It was found that there was a significant influence of WIPL and WPLE on the overall quality of life. v.There is no significant influence of work life balance on the overall impression of the employees. vi.There is no significant difference of the dimensions of work life balance and quality of life across age groups. vii.It was found that there was significant difference across age groups for the work/personal life enhancement dimensions. viii.It was found that there was no significant difference across gender for the overall quality of life dimensions. ix.Work life balance is having positive correlation with quality of life. CONCLUSION IT organizations should come up with effective and efficient work ?? life balance policies and programs, this will help reduce the work ?? life conflict for IT employees. Further IT leaders should take initiative to improve the quality of life of their employees as it plays a significant role in the organization to improve individual and organizational performance. -
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A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CHEVROLET PRINT ADVERTISEMENTS FROM 1960S TO 2000S
The appeal of print advertisements have always been said to have both short term and long term effect and the advertisements that feature the much needed product in a clear and appealing manner deserve to stay in the minds of the readers. Talking about the print advertisements of vintage cars and the present day advertisements of cars of the same brands, there has been a change or so as to say a vast modification from what we had in the past and what we have now. The cars of Chevrolet over the years have developed in terms of features, style and power and variety of cars have been remodelled and made more presentable according to the needs and requirements of that particular generation hence making few vehicles of Chevrolet available for the third generation as well. The study would examine the different features used in print advertising by the Chevrolet car manufacturing company (a brand that goes back to the 1950s and 1960s) to woo its potential customers. -
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A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PRINT ADVERTISEMENTS OF THE YEARS 1990 AND 2000
This content analysis of a sample of advertisements of 20 print copies of various Indian products during the 1990s and 2000 examined the impact of the national economic conditions on advertising and its effect on 4 major aspects- text, visuals, typeface and layout. This study suggests that the impact of national economic conditions and the prevailing culture in the 1990s and 2000 on the use of advertisement elements in the different FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods) product advertisements seemed visible. Advertising is part of the changing social, economic, and cultural environment, and its visuals might have been created in a way that could reflect those changes that people would want to adjust themselves to. Another way of linking advertising and its visuals to society and culture is the cultural approach to advertising. Cultural historians argue that advertising is an important window through which different aspects of society and culture can be explained. But also, the advertising itself can be explained to determine how it might have been shaped by society. While identifying the purpose of this study, more knowledge about the evolution in print advertisements is acquired. The research has given a better idea in recognizing the past advertisements which were during the beginning of the Globalization period and has compare it with print advertisements of the year 2000. -
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE INVESTIGATIVE STYLES OF REPORTING IN MEDIA TODAY - A case study on India today group.
Investigative journalism has become the call of the day as too many scams are being reported. It all started with the ??Watergate scam that was reported by Washington post. In India it was the 1980s period when investigative journalism arose, there have been a few milestone cases. First being Bofors gun scandal, which is considered one of the most influential works of the Indian investigative journalism. Then the other which shook the Indian Sensex, the Harshad Mehta scam. Since 2007 there have been a number of scams which have been investigated by the media. The UPA government has been under the scanner since then. Due to the growing number of scams in the country, investigative journalism has grown in the past few years. This study compares the investigative reporting approach of general magazine and the business magazine using content analysis. This study aims to understand how professional and reader friendly are the approaches of investigative reports today in media. -
A Comparative Study of Effectiveness of Option Forecasting Models: Black Sholes Vs Simple Hybrid Neural Networks.
Many studies have shown that Artificial Neural Networks has the capacity to learn the underlying mechanics of stock markets. In fact, Artificial Neural Networks has been widely used for forecasting financial markets. However, such applications to Indian Stock Markets are scarce. This paper applies neural network models to predict the option prices which are traded in National Stock Exchange. Multilayer perceptron network is used to build the option forecasting model and the network is trained using Back Propagation algorithm. It is found that the predictive power of the network model is not influenced by the neural network using realised volatility. The study shows that satisfactory results can be achieved when applying Hybrid Neural Networks to forecast for the next 30 days. The result shows Black Scholes model outperforms the Hybrid Neural Network models and also when we compared the Hybrid Neural Networks results with the econometric Models such as OLS and EGARCH we saw that the Econometric models give the good results. -
A Comparative Study of Factors Influencing Consumers' Preference for Store Brands and National Brands - A Case Study of Big Bazaar in Bangalore
The recent wave of reforms by the Government to introduce Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in various sectors is bringing a new zeal to the investment climate in India. One of the most debated reforms is the policy for allowing 51 percent FDI in multi-brand retail. The Government has now approved of 51 percent FDI in multi-brand retail. According to Deloitte, organized retail, which constitutes 8 percent of the total retail market today, will grow much faster than unorganized retail and is expected to be 20 percent by 2020. With the emergence of organized retail, a new set of brands ?? store brands, have evolved. Store brands are slowly gaining popularity across the organized retail sector. While elaborate research on the emergence of store brands have been undertaken in the developed economies of North America and Western Europe, research in the context of the Indian market is still at the nascent stage. This study intends to identify the factors influencing the consumers preference towards national brands and store brands across Bangalore. As Big Bazaar is the largest retail store chain in India and also stocks a large variety of store brands, the study has been confined to the Big Bazaar outlets across Bangalore, with specific focus on the food category. Survey research method was followed in this study. Questionnaire was used for collecting primary data while the secondary data was collected from selective sources of data like journals, websites, research reports, magazines and newspapers. The convenience sampling technique was used. A sample of 250 consumers was selected from the Bangalore city. The statistical techniques which are used in the study include descriptive statistics, frequencies and percentages, reliability test and one- way ANOVA. Some of the key findings of the study are:- There is no significant difference between national and store brands for factors like product innovation, repeat purchase, product variety across category, shelf placement, brand equity, taste, shelf life and nutritional benefit. The factors perceived quality, packaging, price rise, trust, TV/Newspaper promotions, shelf search, social acceptance, freshness and cleanliness influences a consumers preference towards national brands. Four factors primarily influence consumers preference towards store brands. They are perceived risk, value for money, copycats and in-store promotion. vi It is intended that the findings of this research, about the factors influencing consumers preference towards national and store brands, will be useful to retailers, food product manufacturers etc. It will help them to assess their current strategies revolving around their respective national or store brands. The findings will also help them to target the right audience to gain maximum mileage as extensive detail has been provided based on a number of demographic variables. The content in this report details out the research conducted in this regard followed by a conclusion. Keywords: Organized retail, Store brands, National brands, Foreign Direct Investment, Demography -
A Comparative Study on Customer??s Expectations and Perceptions on Credit Card Services in Old and New Generation Banks
Card usages have been drastically increasing in India due to the convenience and safety provided by the issuers. At the same time, these issuers are finding it very hard to maintain and gain the market share for this particular service product. In the present scenario credit cards are playing a vital role in every one??s life. Thus, the study has attempted to find out the customer??s expectations and perceptions on credit card services in old and new generation banks. A sample of 225 respondents, who were the users of credit cards in the Bangalore city, was concentrated upon for the study. This was analyzed and tested using Factor analysis, ANOVA and Multiple Linear Regressions. The paper has found the factor the people are expecting more on card services and as well the factor where the users have perceived more. The gap was also analyzed between the expectations and perceptions of the users. The results from the study pointed out the factors the banks have to concentrate upon in order to delight its users and maintain its market share. Hence, businesses should focus on the factors analyzed so as to improve the quality of services provided on cards and to retain the customer base. Keywords: Credit Cards, Customer Expectations, Customer Perceptions,New Generation Banks and Old Generation Bank. -
A comparative study on Personality Traits and Optimism among Women Employees and Women Entrepreneurs
This study is an attempt to contribute afresh with a perspective to the field of organization behaviour and psychological resource development with special reference to optimism (success/ lack of success) factors and big five personality traits among women employees and women entrepreneurs. This study provides more insight into the psychological profiles of female employees and entrepreneurs. Success/ lack of success factors and big five traits affects work choices, career choices, retirement choices, and marital choices. Women can be prepared and trained to be successful employees for both large and small organizations. The future policy making agencies can learn lessons to make meaningful plans and policies to prepare future generations for the future challenges of entrepreneurship. Policy makers can promote entrepreneurship through SMEs to strengthen future economy of the nation. This would help to increase the awareness of both educationists and students to follow entrepreneurial careers in the times to come. This study will help to understand entrepreneurial personality traits to carve and trained future entrepreneurs. The pedagogy institutions can train and carve leadership style and success factors amongst future women entrepreneurs. Short training interventions can be designed to develop positive psychological resource capacities which involves training the employees in set goals and engage in contingency planning to overcome potential obstacles. This training will lead to optimistic style and pessimism can be avoided.These activities and exercises also trigger self confidence among these employees. This also facilitates their emotional and behavioural adaptation at workplace. Hence the level of employees psychological capacities will increase.. 100 women employees from 5 employment sectors and 100 women entrepreneurs from 5 different sectors were the surveyed for the study. The sectors used for the study were manufacturing, IT services, services, trading and professionals.For employees sample was drawn from executive, sr.executive, assistant managers and manager??s level.The type of the organization studied were proprietorship, partnership, private limited and public limited. The tools used for the study are: 1. Optimism: Attribution of success and failure inventory- ASUFA-G. This is the inventory developed by Uday Paareek. It has got eight dimensions developed by Weiner 1974 and Seligman 1991. 2. Big Five Personality tool developed by psychologists John, Donahue and Kentle in 1991. It has got five dimensions. Major findings of the study 1. The study found that there was no relationship between big five personality traits and success and lack of factors among women employees. 2. The research revealed that there was significant relationship between big five personality traits and success and lack of success factors among women entrepreneurs. Extraversion was positively correlated with self directedness, self confidence and group directedness and negatively correlated with compliance. However the highest significance being compliance which is negatively correlated and the lowest being group directedness It was found that agreeableness was positively correlated with optimism and hope . The highest relationship being optimism and lowest positive relationship being hope. It was found that conscientiousness was positively correlated with self directedness optimism self confidence and hope and negatively correlated with fatalism. The highest significance being self directedness and lowest being fatalism which is negatively correlated. 3. The study conducted revealed that among big five personality traits it was found that extroversion and conscientiousness significantly influenced the lack of success factors among women entrepreneurs however the significance is negative. 4. It was found that the big five personality traits significantly influenced success factors among women entrepreneurs. Among these extraversion and conscientiousness positively influenced the success factors. The highest influence was conscientiousness followed by extroversion. 5. Very interesting observation was that there was no significant influence of big five personality traits on success factors and lack of success factors among women employees. 6. The findings revealed that no significant difference was found with the success factor self directedness, optimism, hope and lack of success factor fatalism, pessimism, among women employees vs. women entrepreneurs. 7. It was found that women entrepreneurs have higher group directedness and compliance compared to women employees. Whereas, in self confidence, women entrepreneurs are more confident when compared to women employees. 8. The study revealed an interesting facet that there was significant difference with neuroticism, extraversion and openness to experience between women employees and women entrepreneurs. Extraversion and openness to experience was more with women entrepreneurs compared to women employees and neuroticism was more with women employees compared to entrepreneurs. -
A Comparative Study on Work Engagement in Relation to Leadership in Private and Public sector Undertakings in Bangalore
Employee contribution becomes a critical business issue because in trying to produce superior output, companies have no choice but to try and engage not only the body but the mind and soul of every employee. Most organizations today realize that a satisfied employee is not necessarily the best employee in terms of loyalty and productivity. The best employee is really an engaged employee, one who is intellectually and emotionally bound with the organization, who feels passionate about its goals and committed towards its values. This employee goes the extra mile beyond the basic job requirements. Leadership in organizations ought to be authentic in order to be effective and successful over the long term. Philosophers, religious leaders, and thinkers from ancient times have given emphasis on the importance of authenticity and ethicality for leaders, if they are to attain effective governance in any circumstances. Leaders are obliged to demonstrate the highest moral standards and ethical demeanour in their everyday talk, actions, decision, and behaviours, so that others in their organizations can follow suit. The most recent financial crisis has originated from failed corporate leaders who believed in manipulations of accounts and indulged into obvious unethical corporate practices. Engaging employees of an organization is critical to the organizations success. Work Engagement is often the most significant differentiator between private and public organizations. This is true particularly for service based companies as revenues are directly proportional to number of workforce engagement in the organization. Based on the review of literatures and identified the gap, the investigator felt an imperative need to pursue with the current research. The sample consisted of 240 employees from both private and public sector organizations. The judgmental sampling technique was adopted for selecting the respondents. Two standard tools were used to measure the variables of the study- 1.The measuring instrument used for the independent variable (Leadership) is the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) (Form 5X) (Bass & Avolio, 1997). The reliability of the scale was 0.701 2.The measuring instrument used for the dependent variable (Work engagement) is the Schaufeli & Bakker (2003). The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. The reliability of the scale was 0.783 The major findings of the study were- 1. The dimensions of work engagement viz. vigor, absorption, dedication are found to have no significant relations with participative and democratic leadership style. 2. The dimensions of work engagement viz. vigor, absorption, dedication are found to have significant relations with autocratic leadership style. 3. For the dimension of Vigor, the difference between private and public organization on Vigor is statistically significant. It was found that the private sector employee scored high value(5.51) than the public sector employees(5.12) on the dimension of vigor. -
A COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN HOLLYWOOD AND INDIAN MOVIES DEALING WITH THE TOPIC CAPITAL PUNISHMENT
Capital Punishment is a much debated topic in the country and around the world. Films are a major of information where one can propagate an idea to a wide range of audience. Being a topic of general concern, it is important to discuss the relevance of capital punishment on screen (in a movie) and carry forth the happening debate onscreen. The paper tries to do a comparative study between English and Indian movies dealing with the topic. -
A Comprehensive Study On The Consumer Preferences Towards Online Marketing In Consumer Goods
Online Marketing has become an integral part of peoples lives in recent years. Currently as per the developments that have taken place due to the improvements and importance that has been created by online marketing has covered each and every type of business sector. The purpose of the study is to examine the preferences of consumers towards online marketing and how it varies across different age group, income levels and across gender. This study is conducted with the help of 300 sample data collected from the working population of Bangalore city. To analyze the collected data, the statistical tools like Pearsons correlation, Posthoc ANOVA test and Scheffes and Tukey,s test has been used. This study found that male consumers are more influenced in purchasing products online then female consumers. -
A conceptual study on searching techniques used in ontology based search engines /
Search engines play a vital role in finding the relevant information across the web and make it available on the finger tips. But they seemed to be less efficient to understand the relationship between the keywords which had an adverse effect on the results it produced. Semantic search engines ?? only solution to this; is still an unrealized dream due to various underlying issues. Reducing the time taken to search the semantic annotated documents is a highly demanded solution for semantic search engines. This research focuses on a study and improvisation of searching techniques used in semantic search engines keeping time complexity as the major factor. Developing semantic search engines is considered to be a time consuming and tedious process. The reasons attributed to that are ?? It is a mightier task to semantically annotate each and every resource (text and multimedia files) available on the net as the number keeps on increasing in an exponential order per day. -
A critical analysis of the contemporary popular malayalam motion pictures as compared to the malayalam movies of 1980s /
Malayalam new wave films prominently made by Adoor Gopalakrishnan and Aravindan bagged several national awards which helped to make a mark in the history of Indian cinema. But these movies were not reaching the wavelength of general audience who found it difficult to relate to it. Later the types of movies were produced which was a synthesis of art films and commercial films. It was called middle stream cinema because it contained the aspect of realistic portrayal of human life and social issues. It was also easy for the general audience to grasp the content of those movies. So the period of 1980s where the middle stream films flourished was a mile stone in Malayalam cinema. The movies which were produced after 2000 in Malayalam also showed a sense of social reality in it compared to the previous decade. With the kind of technical advancement filmmakers of current era are able to experiment in the narratives maintaining the realistic feel of movies. The analysis showcases changing trends of the movies from the Malayalam movie industry taking into consideration the technological advancements, socio-economic and cultural factors. -
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A Different Humour: A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of the Nature of Participation of Select Indian Female Stand-Up Comedians on YouTube
In recent times, Stand-up Comedy space in India has been registering itself as an alternative public sphere. As comedy has always been understood to be a masculine domain in any given society, it becomes imperative to examine if this aspect of the ????implied??? public sphere of the Stand-up Comedy space changes the dimension of comedy. This dissertation studied the nature of participation of both the male and female stand-up comics on YouTube using descriptive surveys which reported the default nature of the stand-up comedy space in India. Furthermore, the thesis studied the implications of the performances by select few female comics with specific reference to the audience reception of their comedic routines. In addition, this dissertation studied how female stand-up comics negotiate their citizenship and gender in a stand-up comedy space in India. Thematic and Critical Discourse Analysis were used to examine the theme, style, and nature of humour pervasive throughout their comedic routines. The style of humour presentation by the select female comics included subversion which was articulated in varied ways, often by marking it explicitly through themes, narratives and humour, and in other times, using it covertly. The thesis explored the dimensions of ???unladylike??? or ???unfunny??? which were used as markers to identify their routines by both themselves and their YouTube audience/commentators, the thesis also attempted to explain how these comedians found a balance between ????doing gender??? and ????undoing gender??? in these comedy spaces. The thesis concluded with an argument that the stand-up comedy space as negotiated by the select comics provides us a glimpse of an emergent feminist public sphere. -
