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Adoption of cashless payment systems among consumers
The primary goal of any national payment system is to ensure smooth circulation of money. It is recognized worldwide that an efficient and secure payment system triggers the economic activity. Efficiency in payment systems in general and electronic payment systems in particular, benefits both customer and country’s economic growth. There are diverse payment systems functioning in the country, ranging from the paper-based systems where the instruments are physically exchanged and settlements worked out manually to the most sophisticated electronic fund transfer systems which are fully secured and transactions settled on a gross, real time basis. Many researchers have used various technology adoption models to predict the adoption of a technology. The main purpose of the study is to investigate the key driving factors responsible for the consumers’ adoption of cashless payment system. A descriptive study method using the paradigm of post - positivism was employed in the study with a sample of 390 respondents from Bangalore who have already used cashless payments. These consumers were selected by purposive sampling using snowball sampling. The study is based on both primary and secondary sources of information collected from various sources. -
Adoption of cashless payment systems among consumers
The primary goal of any national payment system is to ensure smooth circulation of money. An efficient and secure payment system triggers economic activity and electronic payment systems in particular, benefit both the customer s and the country s economic growth. Diverse payment systems function ranging from paper-based ones where the instruments are physically exchanged and settlements worked out manually, to the sophisticated electronic fund transfer systems which are fully secured and transactions settled on a gross, real-time basis. Researchers have used various technology adoption models to predict their usage. The purpose of the study is to investigate the key driving factors responsible for the consumers adoption of cashless payment system. A descriptive study method using the paradigm of post - positivism was employed with a sample of 390 respondents from Bangalore who have used cashless payments. They were selected by purposive sampling using snowball sampling. The study is based on both primary and secondary sources of information. The current study extended the UTAUT with new constructs Habit, Hedonic Motivation, Price Value, Trust, Innovativeness, Perceived Risk, Attitude Towards Using Cashless Payment System and Anxiety. The findings of the study reveal that the factors namely Effort Expectancy, Performance Expectancy, Social Influence, Habit, Facilitating Conditions, Hedonic Motivation, Price Value, Trust, Innovativeness, Perceived Risk, Attitude Towards Using Cashless Payment System and Anxiety have significant influence on the consumers cashless payment usage. A close positive correlation of cashless payment systems usage with the independent variables was seen. The gender, age, income, occupation and educational qualification of the respondents has a significant role to play in their willingness to use cashless payments. The study gives an insight on what the considerations to look into while launching a new payment system are and the means to deal with consumers to adopt and use the same. -
Adoption of Digital Technologies in Channel Management of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry
The main thrust of this research is in the area of adoption of digital technologies in channel management of pharmaceutical industry in India. The Indian pharmaceutical industry is making rapid strides in the past decade, and is recognised internationally .However, the adoption of electronic methods like the internet, extranet, barcoding, digital data bases, e-payments, RFID and others are only at a nascent stage. This inertia is likely to affect the growth projectile of the industry. The international stature which the industry is acquiring will be at stake. The study attempts to assess the current status of adoption of digital technologies with particular reference to contributing factors that can trigger rapid growth. It assesses the respondents expectation of the benefits of digital adoption. It also deals with the factors which will help the industry to transit from legacy systems to digital technologies. This information was obtained through structured questionnaire administered to respondents who had experience in the distribution aspects of the Indian pharmaceutical industry. The research revealed that although implementation of electronic methods was at an early stage, the expectation regarding the benefits of employing this technology was high. The study also found that some of the tools which were necessary to transit from legacy systems to digital technology were in a nascent stage of its use. -
Adoption of enterprise risk management erm practices in the zimbabwean banking sector
Corporate failures that occurred in the mid-1990s as well as the global financial crisis that unfolded in the US in 2007 and subsequent banking crises in many countries underscored the need for banking institutions to develop and implement robust risk management systems and controls to prevent the occurrences of such crises. Enterprise risk management (ERM) has emerged as the best practice approach that provided banks with means for mitigating and controlling risks giving rise to such financial crises. Attempts have been made to find out the factors driving the implementation of ERM and the majority of these studies had conflicting newlineconclusions on the effect of some of these factors. Further, weaknesses were noted in variables used by researchers as proxies for ERM adoption. It was noted that several studies used the appointment of a chief risk officer as a variable representing ERM adoption while a number of other researchers focused on surveys or renowned frameworks such as COSO to ascertain the extent of adoption of ERM. These approaches however, had shortcomings. This study therefore sought to address some of the above gaps in literature. The purpose of this study is to determine the degree of adoption of ERM newlinepractices as well to examine factors (adequacy of risk governance structure, newlinequality of organizational culture, intensity of regulatory environment and size of the bank) influencing the adoption and implementation of ERM by banks in Zimbabwe. A mixed method approach was utilized in this study. The population of the study comprised of 18 commercial banks which have been operating in Zimbabwe since the adoption of the multi-currency system in 2009. Respondents for the study were selected using the purposive sampling approach. This was to ensure the respondents had the right experience and expertise to answer questions on enterprise risk management practices newlinewithin their respective banks. -
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After-Sale Service Failures and Their Influence on Customer Behaviour with Reference to Home Appliances
There are continuous technological advancements, and home appliance manufacturers have developed innovative products that make customer's life effortless. The increase in the purchasing power of the customers made the industry more competitive and put an extra burden on the manufacturers to adopt new technologies that help customers solve their problems and fulfil their needs. Firms face problems and challenges in the form of after-sale service failures. After-sale services are an integral part of home appliance products, and the companies can not avoid these while serving the customers. Although the after-service structure is rich in empirical studies on different service sectors like information technology, after-sale service failure, and consumer behaviour modelling in the home appliance have not been adequately investigated in Indian services. Previous researches have relied on understanding the services and their relation to either satisfaction or loyalty. Thus, they have been unable to disentangle the phenomenon of unfavourable reactions after an after-sale service failure from satisfaction and dissatisfaction. After-sale service is an essential component of customer behavioural outcomes. Therefore, businesses need to understand how after-sale service failures influence customer behaviour. Despite service superiority's importance, the home appliance industry lacks industry-specific, widely recognized instruments for after-sale service assessment. The primary goal of this study is to find major after-sale service failures and look at how these after-sale service failures affect customers, leading to unfavourable behavioural reactions. The study used a quantitative approach to understand the issue comprehensively. This research incorporated various after-sale service failure areas discussed and analyzed by previous research. It also discussed service theories and models (Expectancy Disconfirmation Paradigm, Justice Theory, Attribution Theory) related to failures and behaviours. However, this research focuses mainly on how these service failure areas lead to customer behavioural outcomes. Firstly, to know the major after-sale service failure areas, this study prepared the questionnaire based on the literature available on after-sale service failures and customers' reviews and their experience with the after-sale service of the home appliance companies. Data is collected from customers who have experienced after- sale service failures and their subsequent behaviour. The study analyzed the reasons for after-sale service failures, the types of failures that customers encounter, and the impact of these failures on customer behaviour, including their negative word of mouth, switching behaviour, willingness to recommend the brand etc. The findings of this study provided valuable insights into how businesses can improve their after-sale service and retain their customers. The study found seven major after-sale service failures that significantly impact customer behaviours. Unreasonable charges and policy clarity issues are the most significant service failures affecting customers, leading to negative behaviours. These findings show that different types of service failure elicit different reactions. The present study is one of the few empirical studies examining the links between service failures and actual behaviours in consumer durable after-sale service failures. -
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Algorithmic and Non-Algorithmic Trading Activity in the BSE Using Limit Order Book of Select Stocks
With the existence of a heterogeneous market compounded by asymmetric information, technology has become one of the major newlineenablers in stock market development. Introduction of algorithms for trading gave a fillip to many stock market participants and allowed them to trade rapidly and profitably. In the present day in Indian stock market, newlinewe have two types of market players; algorithmic traders and nonalgorithmic traders. The algorithmic traders are playing a dominant role in order placement, order modification and order execution while the newlinenon-algorithmic traders still continue to use their intuition. This study aims to understand the trading activity of both the market participants. The study uses the Limit Order Book data from Bombay Stock Exchange. newlineThe LOB data of selected nine stocks is considered for the study whose variables namely Order Added, Order Updated and Order Deleted data along with the Bid Ask Quotes are considered for measurement. Based on newlinethe Limit Orders it is observed that there is a statistically significant difference in the trading behavior of algorithmic and non-algorithmic traders based on stock market session timings and market capitalization. newlineThe market making ability of the algorithmic traders was examined using Order-to trade Ratio and it is observed that large number of orders are not executed indicating that there is no significant Market Making happening. newlineThe algorithmic traders possess an edge over the non-algorithmic traders in Order Modification resulting in dominance in the Stock market. The Mann Kendal Trend test indicates upward and downward trend in newlinevolume adjusted spread indicating that market making is happening especially in the stocks where algorithmic activity is high. This study enables regulatory authorities to monitor stock market activity especially during pre- open session. This study provides sufficient scope for further research on future of algorithmic trading activity and its ramifications on non-algorithmic trading activity in the future. -
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An analysis of online marketing strategies used by maggi during the 2015 crisis /
Online marketing has become an integral part of branding, advertising and marketing communication for any brand today. Communicating with the consumers at the time of crisis using the right marketing mix is essential and that is exactly what Maggi did during the crisis that the brand faced in 2015. Maggi had used online marketing strategies to reach out to consumers belonging to various sections of the society during the crisis. -
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AN ANALYSIS OF PEOPLE'S PERCEPTION OF TINTIN
Certain comics achieve cult status, a status which ensures they are replicated in other forms to reach out to a wider audience. The Adventures of Tintin is one such cult series which has been loved by generations across the globe. Each reader of Tintin is unique in his/her own way and the research aims to figure out if the educational background of the readers influences the way in which they perceive the series. This perception is being looked at from two the point of view of two groups, one consisting of readers from the Journalism/media background and another consisting of readers from various other backgrounds. -
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AN ANALYSIS OF THE CHANGE IN THE LAYOUT OF THE NEW INDIAN EXPRESS AND ITS POPULARITY
For centuries newspaper designers have been in the background working to present information and hard news to the society in a creative way. Creating the layout of a newspaper page is a tedious and time consuming process that employs a set of rules and guidelines. For this purpose the technology employed are in the form of various software??s. And such a program that can create layout designs is a very valuable tool. The layout of a newspaper has to undergo revivals to keep in tune with the recent trends and graphic designing techniques. This dissertation will study the change in the layout and design of The New Indian Express in 2008. Whether or not there is a relationship between the change in layout and its popularity will be also be found out. This study blends empirical and theoretical methodologies of graphic designing. The graphic design theories draws from the principles of design like balance, rhythm, proportion, dominance, unity and scale. Layout principles and theories are varied, but most fall into one of two camps: grid-based design and non-grid-based design. There are also layout principles like white space and proximity to consider, all of which contribute to the background study related to newspaper designing. Analyzing closely studying the content in this case the designs of The New Indian Express newspaper and the changes brought about there off will be effective method to research the change in the format of the newspaper has brought in its readers and also its prospective readers. The aspects that will be studied are the logo, masthead, layout, fonts, color and visuals or graphics. The newspaper also has some ??invisible elements?? like whitespace, gutter, margins, columns and grids. -
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An Analysis of the effectiveness of HIV and AIDS policy implementation in teacher training colleges in zimbabwe
The study analyzed the effectiveness of implementation of the HIV and AIDS Policy for teachers colleges. The policy was enacted by the Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education in 2004 and implemented by teacher training colleges in Zimbabwe. Teacher training colleges were a ready captive audience for the young people with the potential to newlineinfluence behaviour change among student teachers, with a snowball effect to pupils in primary and secondary schools. Despite the newlinedevelopment of the policy, incidences of sexually transmitted infections continued to increase. The objectives of the study were to determine to what extent the HIV and AIDS Policy has been operationalized and its newlineeffects on the sexual and reproductive health of students. Literature reviewed explored the HIV and AIDS policy implementation and quality assurance practices in teaching of HIV and AIDS in the colleges. Effective implementation was discussed within the context of the reproductive health challenges faced by students and access to quality newlineservices. Pragmatism philosophical paradigm was used for the study, since it combines quantitative and qualitative research techniques, methods and approaches into a single study. The population, sample and sampling procedure for the study were defined. Selection of the colleges was newlinepurposive and stratified according to location (urban or rural); administrative authorities (government and church-related colleges). While research questions guided the collection of qualitative data from newlineinterviews and focus group discussions for college authorities and stakeholders, hypotheses guided quantitative data collected from questionnaires completed by male and female third year students and Lecturers. Key informants were selected based on their role in policy implementation at the colleges. Validity and reliability of both qualitative newlineand quantitative data collecting instruments was assured.