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Development of Efficient Biometric Recognition algorithms based on Fingerprint and Face
The reliable verification systems are required to verify and confirm the identity of an individual requesting their service. Secure access to the buildings, laptops, cellular phones, ATM etc. is an example of such applications. In the absence of robust verification systems, these systems are vulnerable to the wiles of an impostor. The traditional ways of authentications are passwords (knowledge based security) and the ID Cards (token based security). These methods can be easily breached due to the chance of stolen, lost or forget. The development and progress of biometrics technology, the fear of stolen, lost or forget can be eliminated. Biometrics refers to the automatic identification (or verification) of an individual (or a claimed identity) by using certain physiological or newlinebehavioral traits associated with the person. newlineThe biometrics identifies the person based on features vector derived from physiological or behavioural characteristics such as uniqueness, permanence, accessibility, collectability with minimum cost. The newlinephysiological biometrics are Fingerprint, Hand Scan, Iris Scan, Facial Scan and Retina Scan etc., and behavioural biometric are Voice, Keystroke, Gait, Signature etc., The physiological biometrics measures the specific part of the structure or shape of a portion of a subject s body. But the behavioural biometric are more concerned with mood and environment.Chapter one presents the introduction to biometrics and its various newlinetraits. Further description like structure of the biometric system, different newlineapproaches are discussed. Also the design issues in biometric system such as universality, collectability, distinctiveness, permanence, acceptability, newlineuniqueness, performance, circumvention etc., are discussed. Chapter two gives a detailed survey of biometric techniques. It includes the literature survey of fingerprint and face biometric traits and various approaches. -
A Framework for Integrating Nested Queries in Natural Language Interfaces to Databases
To translate Natural Language (NL) statements into Structured Query Language (SQL) queries, different methods and systems were proposed in the past. This work presents a framework for automating the translation of Data Requirement Specifications (DRS) given by enterprise Business Users in NL into SQL queries, focusing on requirements that result in the generation of nested SQLs. The framework takes the business user s DRS given in English as input and generates an initial query sketch by employing semantic parsing. This initial sketch is further refined and newlinecompleted into a well-formed SQL by consulting the Database Schema. It performs newlinethe translation by combining NL processing techniques with Query Sketch generation newlinemethods and refines it by employing Repair techniques or extends it further. The newlineframework suggests using Lambda expressions for intermediate representation and newlineemploys standard operations of Lambda Calculus for performing the required newlinetransformations needed for translation. Lambda Context Calculus (LCC) provides the newlineoperational semantics and the relevant methods needed in transforming NL statements newlineinto SQL, preserving the integrity and compositionality24 of expressions in every step of the translation. Though Lambda Calculus is found to be effective in representing the intermediate expressions and assists in performing the transformations that are needed for translating specific predicates into SQL, its inflexibility in combining parallel computations is a constraint. To represent clauses that are in parallel or are in pipeline, and to perform the required transformations on the intermediate expressions involving these, more advanced programming constructs are needed. It also adopts functional programming techniques to deal with complex scenarios involving nested queries. -
A framework for integrating nested queries in natural language interfaces to databases
To translate Natural Language (NL) statements into Structured Query Language
(SQL) queries, different methods and systems were proposed in the past. This work presents a framework for automating the translation of Data Requirement
Specifications (DRS) given by enterprise Business Users in NL into SQL queries,
focusing on requirements that result in the generation of nested SQLs. The framework takes the business user’s DRS given in English as input and generates an initial query sketch by employing semantic parsing. This initial sketch is further refined and completed into a well-formed SQL by consulting the Database Schema. It performs the translation by combining NL processing techniques with Query Sketch generation methods and refines it by employing Repair techniques or extends it further. The framework suggests using Lambda expressions for intermediate representation and employs standard operations of Lambda Calculus for performing the required transformations needed for translation. Lambda Context Calculus (LCC) provides the operational semantics and the relevant methods needed in transforming NL statements into SQL, preserving the integrity and compositionality24 of expressions in every step of the translation. Though Lambda Calculus is found to be effective in representing the intermediate expressions and assists in performing the transformations that are needed for translating specific predicates into SQL, its inflexibility in combining parallel computations is a constraint. To represent clauses that are in parallel or are in
pipeline, and to perform the required transformations on the intermediate expressions involving these, more advanced programming constructs are needed. It also adopts functional programming techniques to deal with complex scenarios involving nested queries. This work recommends the use of some advanced language constructs, the Fixed-point Combinators11 and Monad Comprehensions20 for performing the required transformation at the intermediate language level and adopts functional programming techniques for the required syntactic sugar. -
A feminist interrogation of gender and class representation in specific detergent advertisements /
Women have been stereotyped by society at large to be caretakers in the domestic front. Advertisement is a tool used to influence people and stereotypes have often been included in advertisements to target a specific audience. Washing clothes has been stereotyped as a women’s job in society across the globe. The concept of Feminism is to bring about equality of both genders in all spheres if life. -
The Culinary Space : Reading Food and Identity Intersections in Select Narratives
This study focuses on select fictional narratives with food mentions at the peripheries to enquire into the textualisation of food that exhibits the existence of an enunciative culinary newlinespace wherein the nuances of individual and collective identities are negotiated. The culinary space is conceptualised by considering the defined and built physical space wherein activities associated with the culinary realm occur and the imaginative space created through the presence and absence of food. This culinary space interacts with mobility, which serves as the newlinelinking idea that ties together Anita Nair s Ladies Coup(2001), Bharti Kirchner s newlineDarjeeling (2002), Monica Ali s Brick Lane (2003), Kunzang Choden s The Circle of Karma newline(2005), and Manjushree Thapa s Seasons of Flight (2010), and informs these specific newlinetextualisations of food and prompts the need to focus on the representations of everyday lived experiences. This study reads the chosen narratives to enable a reading that is distinct from the conventional one of culinary narratives centred on food and establishes that the textualisation of food in narratives with food at the peripheries is an important site of investigation. This close reading through an approach directed by concepts from food studies and select notions from space and mobility looks into how the culinary space serves as the site of defining and re-imagining of individual and cultural identities of the characters through memories of food and relations to and through food. These insights add to the existing discourses on identity by looking into the textualisation of food shaped by notions of newlinespace and mobility to show that the transformative quality of food is reflected in the dynamism of the culinary space that endorses the same in the negotiation of identities that are explored, perceived, and projected within. -
A Search for a grounding source in interpersonal relationships through metaxology in the select novels of Bernard Malamud
This research examines interpersonal relationships in the select novels of Bernard Malamud from a metaxological perspective. By examining the formation of the community through individuals where there are agapeic service and transformation of individuals, it attempts to bring out the relevance of metaxological relationships that give importance to dialogue, ethical relationships and love. It is essential to understand the space between interpersonal relationships to lead a meaningful life in the contemporary world. It explores to ascertain whether human beings attain fulfilment in the community through transformation. This thesis addresses the issues that are relevant to the novelist in the context of Jewish identity and assumes that this study is essential since the study informs us about the interpersonal relationships which are very relevant in today’s context. This study claims that the interpersonal relationships portrayed in the novels of Malamud are metaxological because it affirms the self and transcends towards the other and forms a community where there is agapeic love and service. This research claims that interpersonal relationships attain its fulfilment through metaxological relationships. This mode of interpersonal relationships is relevant since it enables us to understand many existing problems between people, culture and nations, and to find a solution to it. The question of how to maintain a proper relationship with other human beings by giving equal importance to the individuals who are involved in the relationship is prominent today. The analysis of the novels based on metaxology changes our existing understanding of the interpersonal relationships and gives a new dimension to it.
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A search for a grounding source in interpersonal relationships through metaxology in the select novels of bernard malmud
This research examines interpersonal relationships in the select novels of newlineBernard Malamud from a metaxological perspective. By examining the formation of newlinethe community through individuals where there are agapeic service and transformation newlineof individuals, it attempts to bring out the relevance of metaxological relationships that newlinegive importance to dialogue, ethical relationships and love. It is essential to understand the space between interpersonal relationships to lead a meaningful life in the contemporary world. It explores to ascertain whether human beings attain fulfilment in the community through transformation. This thesis addresses the issues that are relevant to the novelist in the context of Jewish identity and assumes that this study is essential since the study informs us about the interpersonal relationships which are very relevant newlinein today s context. This study claims that the interpersonal relationships portrayed in newlinethe novels of Malamud are metaxological because it affirms the self and transcends newlinetowards the other and forms a community where there is agapeic love and service. This newlineresearch claims that interpersonal relationships attain its fulfilment through newlinemetaxological relationships. This mode of interpersonal relationships is relevant since newlineit enables us to understand many existing problems between people, culture and nations, newlineand to find a solution to it. The question of how to maintain a proper relationship with newlineother human beings by giving equal importance to the individuals who are involved in the relationship is prominent today. The analysis of the novels based on metaxology newlinechanges our existing understanding of the interpersonal relationships and gives a new newlinedimension to it. -
Growth and physical properties of sb2 te3 and related thermoelectric materials
Research on crystal growth and characterization is inevitable to meet the requirements of the technological world, as there is a great demand for good quality samples free from flaws for application in newlinevarious fields which cannot be met by natural resources. The synthesis of newlinebulk crystals of Sb2Te3 compounds has intrigued the attention of the researchers in the present work, due to their diverse properties which provide boundless scope to develop innovative approaches towards the newlinedevelopment of devices with improved thermoelectric (TE) efficiency. The green technology of conversion of waste heat to electric current by the TE phenomena offers a noise-free alternative with low mechanical newlineand conduction losses for small scale refrigeration and power generation modules. Though, thermoelectric devices offer better reliability and durability, one of the major challenges is to develop a material system newlinewith high figure of merit (ZT) in the variable temperature ranges. From the research reports it is evident that, generally for scientific studies, conventional melt methods were used to grow bulk Sb2Te3 crystals, where nonstoichiometry, polycrystallinity and multi-phase formation raise problems. Furthermore, large fluctuations in TE properties have been exhibited by single crystals synthesized from the melt, which preclude their uses in devices. The ability to control as well as engineer various newlineproperties of Sb2Te3 depends on the choice of growth method, experimental tools and processes. Even though substantial work has been published on the studies of cleaved samples of crystals grown from the melt, the growth mechanism and TE investigations on vapor deposited platelet structures of Sb2Te3-xSx and Sb2-xInxTe3 have not been investigated so far. With the prime focus on vapor deposition as an alternative to melt methods to produce defect free, good quality stoichiometric and mechanically stable crystals with improved ZT, the research was aimed at growth and characterization of Sb2Te3 and related newlinethermoelectric materials. -
A study on the capital structure and sources of finance of SMEs in India
Growth of the corporate sector is important in the process of economic development. Apart from big industries, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs from now on) also contribute to the expansion of the directly productive sector in the economy, generating tax revenue for the government, helping poverty reduction through fiscal transfers and creation of income from employment as well as ownership of firms. It is imperative for SMEs in developing countries to be able to finance their activities and grow over time if they are to play an increasing role in providing employment and income in terms of wages to households, profits, as well as dividends to investors. -
NEWSPAPER IN EDUCATION: UNDERSTANDING THE MUTUAL BENEFIT AND APPROACH OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND OF PRINT MEDIA
Newspaper in Education has been proved to help in a students academic achievements and not just a means of updating the current events, but a tool for a student versatile and resourceful. Newspapers are a teaching tool, not a subject. They are highly motivating materials that can be used to teach math, science, grammar, character education, reading comprehension, writing strategies, problem solving and so much more. - Vicki Whiting, former third grade teacher and founder of Kid Scoop. This research would explore two major factors: -
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Cultural Constraints and Empowerment: A Study of Kudumbashree in Kerala
Women empowerment occupies the centre of discussions of social development and is carried by UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). It continues to be highly debated and contested. Different scholars have defined empowerment in a different ways depending upon the contextual variations. The study seeks to present varied theoretical perspectives on empowerment and reinforce them with current empowerment practices in Indian settings. Based on relevant literature on empowerment, an attempt has been made here to examine the definitions and its cultural and contextual variations. This provides a linkage between theory and practice of empowerment in Indian society. An ethnographic study of Kudumbashree, a women organization in Kerala is been carried out where the contextual variations of empowerment is covered. Women empowerment has multiple implications for patriarchal surroundings and has possessed problems in re-engaging with structural inequalities like caste and class identities of women. All these create a plethora of problems to Indian society and empowerment among women helps in solving and eradicating such problems. Hence the study attempts to find out how Kudumbashree negotiates the contextual and structural issues of women empowerment. The problems faced by women tend to increase day by day and studying topics likes these helps in minimizing it thereby providing a better understanding about the concept of women empowerment. The researcher concludes the study by mentioning the contextual and dynamic variations of empowerment. There is no universally accepted definition for empowerment where it varies according to the subjective locations of individuals. For instance; empowerment for a woman in a scheduled caste or lower caste women varies to that of upper caste women. -
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A Study on Coloring Parameters and Topological Indices of Graphs
Graph coloring/labeling is a fundamental concept in graph theory that involves the assignment of weights, integers, or colors to the vertices/edges or both of a graph while adhering to specifc constraints. Graph colorings serve as a powerful mathematical model with broad applications in real-world scenarios, including network analysis, genomics, routing, optimization techniques, and digital networks. A research domain is established in which vertices of a graph are colored based on specifc conditions, and color degrees are taken into consideration leading to the exploration of chromatic topological indices and various chromatic polynomials. The introduction of chromatic topological indices in response to challenges in chemical graph theory has sparked signifcant research interest, creating a dynamic and expansive feld within graph theory. Motivated by this our study presents a comprehensive exploration of topological indices in the context of graph theory, specifcally focusing on the Zagreb index and its chromatic variants. The study calculates the frst and second rainbow chromatic Zagreb indices, rainbow chromatic irregularity indices, and rainbow chromatic total irregularity indices for well-known graph classes. Later, introduced the concept of b-chromatic Zagreb indices and b-chromatic irregularity indices and calculated the exact values for some standard graphs. Further, the rainbow chromatic topological indices and b-chromatic topological indices for various newlinederived graphs such as line, middle, total, and central graphs of some graph classes are determined. Novel graph polynomials, namely the b-chromatic Zagreb polynomials and b-chromatic irregularity polynomials, are introduced for some classes of graphs and the derived graphs such as degree splitting graph, mycielski graph. This comprehensive approach not only enhances our theoretical understanding of graph coloring but also oand#64256;ers practical insights into the predictive power of chromatic topological indices in diverse chemical contexts. -
Comparative Study of Product Liability and Data Confidentiality in Case of Intermediaries with Special Reference to India and The European Union
Technology has played a major role in human development. The advent and invention of wheel and fire changed the coverage of human society. On a similar note in 90 s a technology called internet was developed and it changed all rules of the game. This technology removed all hindrances of place and time. It created faceless market place wherein; consumer not only have huge choices and varieties but also, they can create goods and services on their own. This was the origin of Electronic Business and it gave birth to new breed of middleman / intermediaries to facilitate it. These intermediaries are application provider, ISP, network service provider etc. The mantras of success were wide choices and data. But this mantra created a new legal challenge of data handling and liability for defects in goods and services. Researcher has studied and analysed all dimensions of intermediaries newlineand how they handled the two new legal challenge of data confidentiality and newlineproduct liability. In addition, researcher has examined the legal framework of India and compared it with legal framework of European Union and finally concluded on the coverage and effectiveness of Indian legal structure and what India learn and implement from European Union. This thesis mainly focusing on generic business model used by intermediaries. Issues like IPR, industry specific domain like financial systems and medical domain are excluded. Researcher followed the doctrinal research methodology to understand the evolution of intermediaries, product liability, data confidentiality in India by various primary resources like the Indian Laws i.e., Consumer newlineProtection Act, 2019, Indian Contract Act, 1872, Information Technology Act, 2000 and other various statutes. This thesis compares Indian legal framework with European Union and test the hypothesis of coverage and effectiveness of Indian legal structure with European Union. -
Piracy in fashion business and protection for the creativity of designers: A comparative study /
The fashion business is one of the fastest-paced industries today. Beyond the simple act of selling clothing, a company's ability to create and capitalize on a distinctive brand is a crucial factor in achieving sustained success in this industry. When a style or brand becomes well-known, many others copy it mindlessly, which causes a huge loss for the people who made the original products. We also encounter fake products from well-known brands very often, which not only ruin the fashion industry but also pose a serious risk to the economy. Fashion nowadays thus goes beyond only clothing and accessories. The substantial expansion of the fashion industry is significantly influenced by intellectual property. “Intellectual property law may be used to safeguard the originality of a wide variety of creations, including those in the fashion industry. The types of intellectual property and their applicability to the fashion industry have only been touched on briefly. The purpose of this dissertation is to educate the reader about current fashion trends, hotly debated problems, and the importance of intellectual property rights in the fashion business”. -
A Self-Reflective and Empathy Based Environmental Education Intervention to Enhance Environmental Values and Knowledge of Preadolescents
Environmental degradation and climate change have become common phenomena and they are attributable to human actions focusing solely on economic growth. Therefore, it is necessary to fetch drastic changes in the lifestyles of majority of the public and to acquire the collective capacity of ecological intelligence. The accumulation of ecological intelligence results in environmental knowledge, values, and skills to deal effectively with the environment. The present study is an attempt to develop and apply a self-reflection and empathy-based Environmental Education module for 11-12 years old children to enhance their environmental values and knowledge. The study utilized a pre-test post-test quasi experimental design for which two existing sixth grade classes (intervention group and control group) from different schools, selected through purposive sampling formed the sample. A pre-test and a post-test were conducted on the participants environmental values, attitude, knowledge for the intervention and control groups. Additionally, environmental behaviour, self-reflection and insight were assessed before and after the intervention and the student workbooks were undergone content analysis for the intervention group. The self- reflective and empathy-based Environmental Education intervention was administered for the class selected as the intervention group in between the pre and post-tests. The researcher observed the interventions effectiveness on environmental values with the help of the attitude scale of the Children's Environmental Attitude and Knowledge Scale (CHEAKS), through the content analysis of student workbooks, and through session feedback form. The positive impact of the intervention on environmental knowledge was understood from the analysis of the knowledge scale of the Children's Environmental Attitude and Knowledge Scale (CHEAKS) and from the session feedback form. Additionally, there is an improvement in the intervention groups reflective thinking ability and environmental behaviour when assessed through Self-Reflection and Insight Scale for Youth and parent observation checklist. The study has implications concerning the implementation of Environmental Education. -
Rewriting Epic as a Discourse of the Marginalized: A Study of Mahasweta Devis Select Fiction
The present dissertation engages itself with an analytical study of five short stories by Mahasweta Devi, where she has rewritten episodes from the grand narrative The Mahabharata. Her stories The Five Women, Kunti and Nishadin, Souvali, Draupadi and Bhishmas thirst have been chosen for being studied in order to show how Devi counter narrates the grand epic by looking at the religious battle of Kurukshetra and the canonical epic characters from the subaltern perspective and thus creates a discourse of the marginalised. The critical framework of the study is based on a postcolonial and subaltern study of the texts as the principal characters and Devis themes are anti-canonical and anti- hegemonic. Through Devis feminist rewriting of the ancient text the subaltern sections of the society, who have been marginally represented in the canonical text, have been given a chance to speak. A readers understanding of the epic undergoes a change by going through the rewritten stories which is Devis main intention behind rewriting The Mahabharata. Through her writing she challenges the age old notions and long established truths in the epic for which it has been granted an epic stature. Thus she makes an attempt to lend a voice to the voiceless by this narrative technique and fulfils her social commitment as a journalist and activist writer. -
Spectroscopic Studies of Galactic Field Be Stars
Be stars provide excellent opportunity to study circumstellar disks. But the disc formation mechanism of classical Be (CBe) stars- the Be phenomenon- is still poorly understood. This can be understood by studying CBe stars in various locations like clusters and fields. Spectra of Be stars show interesting emission lines of different elements like hydrogen, helium, iron, oxygen calcium, etc. These emission lines are valuable indicators in providing information about the circumstellar disks of Be stars. In the past several decades various aspects of Be stars have been studied. But literature review clearly indicates the need of further studies to frame a consolidated picture about Be phenomenon in CBe stars. It is found that especially, the region ?????? 7500 - 8800 ??? is a less studied, and thus poorly understood area in Be star research. But this area shows some interesting features like emission lines calcium, iron, oxygen and Paschen series. So, here we have studied a sample of 118 field CBe stars taken from the catalogue of Jaschek & Egret (1982) and whose medium resolution spectra were obtained in ?????? 3800 ?? 9000 ??? region during December, 2007 to January, 2009 with the 2.1-m Himalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT), located at Hanle, Ladakh, India and operated by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), Bangalore. In this thesis, we present three works which investigate the disc properties of our 118 program Be stars by studying their spectral line features, focussing primarily on the less explored ?????? 7500 - 8800 ??? region. Firstly, we have analyzed the less studied Fe II 7712 ??? emission line for our stars to understand the possible Fe II line excitation mechanism in CBe stars. Our work predicts that Ly???fluorescence may be the possible Fe II line excitation mechanism in CBe stars. Secondly, we have studied the Ca II triplet emission lines for our stars and have developed a new technique for deblending Ca II components from their counterpart Paschen lines, thus providing a more efficient way to analyze Ca II lines. Analyzing Ca II lines through this technique, we suggest that the gas producing these lines is optically thick. This leads us to predict that Ca II lines may be an indicator of binarity in Be stars. Lastly, we have estimated the Balmer decrement values, D34 and D54 for 81 of our sample stars to shed light on opacity effects in Be star disks. Our work confirms the disc transient nature of Be stars through epoch-wise D34 and D54 variation study and also suggests that Be star disks are optically thick.