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Demographic constructs and savings behavior of adult people /
Journal of Emerging Technologies And Innovative Research, Vol.6, Issue 3, pp.409-412, ISSN No: 2349-5162. -
Occupational stress and psychological wellbeing during COVID 19: Mediating role of positive psychological capital
The COVID 19 pandemic has challenged the humankinds livelihood, physical health, mental health, employment, and economy. Lockdowns, quarantines, online teaching, and learning have become new normal. Negativities have been spread across the globe and society by the pandemic. The negative effects caused a confused mindset, fear, anxiety, stress, and other psychological complications amongst the people especially among the Health Care Workers (HCWs), children, elderly people, and Frontline Workers (FLWs). This research work examines the levels of Occupational Stress (OS), and psychological well-being (PWB) of HCWs and police personnel during the pandemic and the relationship between OS and PWB. Further, the study analyzed the role of Positive Psychological Capital (PPC) as a mediator and Emotional Quotient (EQ) as a moderator in the relationship between OS and PWB. Positive Psychological Capital (PPC) characteristics of the respondents such as having faith in one's ability, and performance, willingness to succeed or attain the goals framed, ability to bounce back from the hard times, and their optimism about the future have helped them to tackle the stress caused by the pandemic and to maintain a better state of psychological wellbeing in the fight against the pandemic. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
Financial access indicators of financial inclusion: A comparative analysis of SAARC countries
Financial inclusion provides access to formal financial services at reasonable cost to the financially excluded people. Financial inclusion has been one of the most sought after topics in recent times for policy makers, researchers and academicians. Definition of financial inclusion varies from region to region. Financial inclusion is measured using different indicator. The important indicators of financial inclusion measurement include access indicators, usage indicators, quality indicators and financial education indicators. Most of the researchers use access indicators and usage indicators to measure financial inclusion. Access indicators comprise of demographic and geographic branch penetration, demographic and geographic ATM penetration and population per branch. This study focuses on comparative analysis of access indicators of financial inclusion in SAARC countries. The study is based on secondary data available in the central banks of SAARC nations, International Monetary Fund, World Bank and Asian Development Bank. The study has found and analysed about the countries which has performed well in each indicator of financial access. Copyright 2020 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Digital financial inclusion: A payoff of financial technology and digital finance uprising in India
Technological inventions and innovations paved a way for upheaval in the financial market. New technologies such as the internet, artificial intelligence, machine learning, big data, biometric identification, and blockchain technology brought new financial technologies (Fintechs) namely Unified Payment Interface, Immediate Payment System, and Mobile Money into existence. As a result of the development of Fintechs, digital finance companies and digital financial services and products emerged and got well-liked among the people because of their convenient, speedy, simple, and user-friendly functions. In fact, digital finance companies work a mile further, in the name of digital financial inclusion, by serving excluded, marginalized, neglected individuals and Small and Medium Enterprises through their innovative, affordable, quality, and speedy digital financial services and products. This article focuses on Fintechs, digital finance, and their role in digital financial inclusion in India using the existing sources of the World Bank, Reserve Bank of India, National Payment Corporation of India, and United Nations Organizations. IJSTR 2019. -
Measurement of financial inclusion status of India
Financial inclusion provides access to formal financial system for all members of the society. Financial inclusion leads to inclusive financial system which has several merits. Financial inclusion facilitates rational allocation of productive resources and thus can potentially reduce the cost of capital. Efforts towards financial inclusion have been undertaken in India for several years. These financial inclusion initiatives have yielded fruitful results for the people to access and use formal financial system. Further, these initiatives led to better penetration of banking system, credit penetration and savings penetration. However, financial exclusion is common phenomena in India among poor and weaker sections. This article has made an attempt to measure state of financial inclusion in India using access indicators, usage indicators and quality indicators of financial inclusion. IAEME Publication. -
Digital lending: Is it alternative lending revolution? /
International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, Vol.8, Issue 10, pp.599-601, ISSN No: 2277-8616. -
Psychological Safety and Career Success among Employees of Indian Start-ups: Mediating Role of Passion
India is one of the leading countries that have a favorable start-up ecosystem and is home to hundreds of start-ups and unicorns. From fintech and e-commerce to healthcare and agritech, these startups are disrupting traditional industries, leveraging technology to address unique challenges and tap into vast market opportunities. The start-ups' human resources policies are different, and they do not have complex human resources rules and policies to promote new ideas. The start-ups future is unpredictable, and they have a lot of uncertainty. Human assets work in start-ups to get a sense of career success despite the psychological fear about the future as they have a strong passion to succeed. This research seeks to explore the impact of psychological safety on the professional achievement of human resources within Indian startups, with a particular focus on the intermediary role of passion. This study adopts a descriptive approach and utilizes a survey-based research methodology to gather first-hand data from employees working within the realm of Indian startups. The study results convey that psychological safety impacts the overall career success of start-up employees, and it also significantly impacts the objective career success of the employees. Objective career success pertains to tangible accomplishments or results in a person's professional journey, which are usually quantifiable and evident to external observers. Further, it is found that passion mediates psychological safety and objective career success of the start-up employees significantly. 2024, Iquz Galaxy Publisher. All rights reserved. -
Adoption and Usage of Digital Financial Services in Karnataka, India: Spatial, Gender and Age Disparities
Financial services are digitized to widen access to finance and ensure transparency in financial transactions using technologies such as "Artificial Intelligence" (AI), "Machine Learning" (ML), "Big Data Analytics" (BDA), and "Blockchain Technology" (BT). Digital Financial Services (DFS) have increasingly been adopted by customers as the DFS are safe and secure, affordable, faster, convenient, and accessed anytime. The government and the RBI have taken many initiatives to promote DFS. Further, Digital Financial Services Providers (DFSP)-FinTech companies and formal financial institutions-come up with innovative DFS to suit the needs of the customers. As a result, DFS adoption and usage have grown multifold. The pandemic indirectly enhanced the adoption and usage of DFS. India has been the number one country in the world in real-time payments with 20.5 billion transactions in the year 2020 and DFS has not penetrated uniformly across gender, ages, and regions. Indian Institute of Finance. -
Mediating Role of Financial Literacy in Relationship between Financial Stress & Financial Resilience among MSME in Bangalore
The outbreak of COVID-19 virus brought down the economies of various countries and the livelihoods of the public. World economy witnessed a lower amount of the economic growth. Indian economy also fared poor during the pandemic. The pandemic generated unemployment, job loss, pay cut, and closure of many business organizations in India. Unemployment and low income caused psychological stress and financial stress among the public and among the businessmen especially micro, and small entrepreneurs (MSES). The Indian economy is bouncing back to normalcy. MSES exhibit stronger resilience during the hard time. The study is interested to measure and analyse the determinants that promote financial resilience among the MSES in India. Based on existing literature, financial literacy is chosen to study the nexus between financial stress and financial resilience of the entrepreneurs. 2023, Indian Institute of Finance. All rights reserved. -
Geographical and Gender Disparities in Financial Inclusion Diffusion in India
Financial inclusion is providing an opportunity to use essential banking and financial services to the less-privileged people and their businesses in order to accomplish an inclusive society and the inclusive economy. The efforts of policy makers towards achieving financial inclusion in India yielded fruitful results. Numbers of savings accounts, numbers of credit accounts, numbers of deposits, numbers of ATMs, and loan distribution to the micro and small enterprises have significantly improved in recent times. This study intends to provide answer to the question raised by examining the penetration of financial inclusion area wise, region wise and based on gender. This study has employed descriptive research design and has used secondary data for analysis. The study has found that there are geographical and gender disparities in financial inclusion penetration and financial inclusion penetration varies in terms of gender as well in India. Indian Institute of Finance. -
Digital lending: Is it alternative lending revolution?
Digital lending is new and emerging area in the field of lending or credit. Lending through digital platform, right from receipt of loan application to disbursement of loans, is known as digital lending. Digital lending gains momentum as a result of employing new technologies, new credit scoring algorithms and inclusive approach. This article focuses on framework, working mechanism and growth of digital lending in India. 2019 IJSTR. -
Determinants of adoption of digital payment services among small fixed retail stores in Bangalore, India
India is well on its way to becoming a trillion-dollar digital economy and the government is actively working towards it. Digital payment is taking up and gaining momentum in India. Digital payments have penetrated in all parts of life in India. But it is reported that digital payments are less penetrated among small vendors across the country. This study intends to identify and analyse the factors that determine the adoption of digital payment technologies among small fixed retail stores in tier 1 cities such as Bangalore. The study is based on primary data which is collected through well-structured questionnaires from small fixed retail merchants. The collected data are analysed to determine the factors affecting the adoption of digital payment services among small fixed retail merchants using appropriate statistical tools. The study has found that habit, pervasiveness, and operating costs are the factors that significantly affect the adoption of digital payment services among small fixed retail merchants. Copyright 2022 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Relationship between Digital Learning, Digital Literacy and Academic Performance of Higher Education Students: Moderated Mediation Role of Critical Thinking
In today's rapidly evolving educational landscape, digital technologies have become increasingly prevalent, transforming how students access and engage with information. This study explores the relationships among digital learning, digital literacy, and academic performance in higher education, focusing on the moderating and mediating role of critical thinking. The adoption of digital learning platforms, such as online courses and virtual classrooms, has expanded educational access and flexibility. However, concerns regarding their effectiveness persist. Digital literacy, encompassing the ability to navigate digital tools and critically evaluate information, is crucial in this context. This research investigates how students' digital literacy levels influence their academic achievement and examines the mediating role of critical thinking in this relationship. Critical thinking is hypothesized to mediate the effects of digital literacy on academic performance and the impact of digital learning on critical thinking skills. Additionally, the study assesses whether critical thinking moderates the prime relationship between digital learning and academic performance. This descriptive, cross-sectional study employs structured questionnaires to gather primary data from 384 students enrolled in undergraduate, postgraduate, professional, and research programs at private universities in Bangalore, India. The findings indicate that the academic program significantly influences students' perceptions of digital literacy, digital learning, critical thinking, and academic performance, while demographic factors do not. Digital learning alone has a slight negative effect on academic performance, but digital literacy acts as a positive mediator, mitigating this impact. However, critical thinking does not significantly moderate the relationship between digital learning and academic performance. 2024, Iquz Galaxy Publisher. All rights reserved. -
Changing customer mindset in adopting digital financial services during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from India
Digital Financial Services (DFS) have been growing steadily all over the world. The COVID-19 crisis has reinforced the need for DFS. This study aims to examine the growth of DFS in the global and Indian markets and to analyze the factors that change the mindsets and attitudes of adults towards the adoption of DFS during the pandemic. The growth of DFS is analyzed using secondary data. The changing customer mindset is studied and analyzed through primary data collected by a survey approach. The unit of analysis includes adults who use or prefer to use DFS. A total of 384 respondents, determined by Krejcie and Morgan formula, were personally interviewed. 384 is taken as sample size as this sample size avoids type II errors in the data analysis. The collected data were processed in SPSS21 software. The study results found that technological benefits (67.9%) have the most significant positive effect on changing people's mindsets and attitudes towards DFS followed by the pandemic forces (50.7%). Peer influences (33.2%) and perceived trust (38.3%) have also affected the change in mindsets and attitudes of adults regarding DFS. But the change in mindset is significantly and positively influenced by perceived risk (50.1%) rather than affecting negatively. So, the factors are confirmed again. The factors that drive changes in mindsets and attitudes of adults towards the adoption of DFS are Pandemic Forces & Convenience, Perceived Safety and Security, User Benefits and Experiences, Peer Influences, and Perceived Trust during the pandemic. Ravikumar T, Rajesh R, Krishna T A, Haresh R, Arjun B S, 2022. -
Financial stress, financial literacy, and financial insecurity in India's informal sector during COVID-19
The lockdowns and restrictions imposed to control COVID-19 have made life miserable for people, especially those involved in informal economic activities. The pandemic induced financial hardships, caused financial anxiety and financial stress among informal sector participants. This study aimed to measure and analyze the financial stress and financial insecurity of one of the important informal sector elements (street vendors) in India. Street vendors in Bangalore were interviewed in this descriptive research through personal interaction and telephonic interviews. The collected primary data were processed using SPSS statistical package. The results have indicated that the pandemic inflicted financial stress on street vendors irrespective of their gender, marital status, age, education, monthly income, and type of product dealt. Financial stress levels varied depending on the number of dependents of street vendors and their business nature. Financial literacy differed according to street vendors' marital status. A person becomes extremely sensitive and cautious in personal finance matters on getting married. Financial stress and financial literacy correlated negatively. 89.5% of street vendors perceived that they had financial insecurity in the future due to this pandemic. The results indicated that financial stress and financial literacy did not affect financial insecurity perceptions of street vendors. The predictors of financial insecurity have been marital status and the number of dependents of the street vendors (r2: 16.6%). However, marital status alone impacted the 6% variance in financial insecurity. This study concluded that the pandemic caused financial stress and financial insecurity among street vendors, but not financial stress and financial literacy. Thangaraj Ravikumar, Mali Sriram, S Girish, R Anuradha, M Gnanendra, 2022. -
Relationship between financial stress and financial well-being of micro and small business owners: Evidence from India
Micro and small businesses financially suffered due to COVID-19 in India. This financial suffering created financial stress among them and deteriorated their financial well-being. However, micro and small business owners exhibit financial resilience by bouncing back to regular business activities through their hope, optimism, and selfefficacy, which are the components of positive psychological capital. This study analyzes the relationship between financial stress and financial well-being of micro and small firm owners keeping financial resilience as a mediator and positive psychological capital as a moderator in the mediation. This descriptive analysis employed a survey method to collect primary data using the interview method. The interview method was used as most micro and small business owners are comfortable with interaction rather than filling out the questionnaires due to the language barrier. The sample size is 384 respondents, as per Krejcie and Morgan's formula. The mean scores indicate a moderate degree of financial stress (2.354), financial resilience (2.623), and financial well-being (2.637). The level of financial stress differs based on the respondents' gender. Financial stress is more among female business owners (2.504) than their male counterparts (2.265). Further, business owners who earn more have a higher level of financial resilience (2.985), psychological capital (2.951), and financial well-being (2.711). Financial stress significantly impacts financial well-being (28.4%). Financial resilience has a partial mediation effect (65%) on financial stress and financial well-being. Finally, psychological capital moderates indirect relationships among financial stress, financial resilience, and financial well-being. Thangaraj Ravikumar, Mali Sriram, Nagalingam Kannan, Issac Elias, Vinita Seshadri, 2022. -
Behavioural drivers of access-based consumption among millennial and generation Z in India
The world of consumerism is very dynamic, and technology driven changes in the field of consumerism are unavoidable especially among new generation customers millennial and generation Z. The customers, especially in urban areas, gradually move from ownership-based consumption to access-based consumption. The purpose of this study is to explore the behavioural drivers of new generation customers towards access-based consumption. The study is descriptive in nature and employed a survey method for data collection. The drivers identified are tested through a quantitative study and the primary data are collected using online questionnaires. The study has also analysed the impact of behavioural drivers on current usage of access-based consumption as well as on willingness to use access-based consumption in the future. The study has found that sustainability is the only driver that significantly motivates access-based consumption in Indian urban areas. Copyright 2022 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Digital financial literacy among adults in India: measurement and validation
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has considerably promoted the usage of Digital Financial Services (DFS) in India. Therefore, exploring the various determinants influencing the DFS users is crucial for the DFS providers to understand their customers better. This study aims to identify, measure, and validate the determinants of Digital Financial Literacy (DFL) from the Indian adults who use Digital Financial Services. A sample of 384 adult DFS users from India was surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire in 2021. A multidimensional scale was developed to measure the Digital Financial Literacy in this study. The results exhibit that Digital Knowledge, Financial Knowledge, Knowledge of DFS, Awareness of Digital Finance Risk, Digital Finance Risk Control, Knowledge of Customer Right, Product Suitability, Product Quality, Gendered Social Norm, Practical Application of Knowledge and Skill, Self-determination to use the Knowledge and Skill and Decision Making are the determinants of DFL among the adults in India. Further, the users of DFS without DFL will face numerous challenges such as inability to com-plete the transaction, financial loss and privacy breach, etc. Hence, the study concludes that DFL is prerequisite to use DFS effectively. 2022 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative. -
Impact of digital payments on economic growth: Evidence from India
In recent years, economic transactions are carried out through electronic or online or cashless means all over the world especially in developed countries and developing countries like India. As a result of increased digital means of payment has brought down usage of cash transactions in the economy. Digital transactions have the features of speed, less cost, and comfort. A well functioning digital payment system has much relevance on overall economic activity, monetary policy, and financial stability of a country. This study tries to verify the impact of digital payments on the economic growth of India. The economic growth is measured through a proxy real Gross Domestic Product. Digital payments are measured using Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS), Clearing Corporation of India Ltd (CCIL) operated systems, paper clearing, retail electronic clearing, Card payments, and Prepaid Payment Instruments (PPIs). Data for digital payments and real GDP are collected from the year 2011 to 2019. Ordinary Least Square Regression, Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ADRL) co-integration approach and ARDL Bounds test are employed for the analysis. The study results reveal that digital payments impact economic growth significantly in the short run. But, digital payments dont impact economic growth in the long-run. BEIESP. -
A comprehensive literature review on financial inclusion /
Asian Journal Of Research In Banking And Financial, Vol.7, Issue 8, pp.119-133, ISSN: 2249-7323.