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Prevalence and Predictors of Restless Leg Syndrome in Adolescents and Young Adults of Bengaluru City, India: A Cross-Sectional Study
INTRODUCTION: Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor disease characterized by an urge to move the legs, often caused by uncomfortable and unpleasant sensations in the legs. It affects the quality of sleep which in turn affects scholastic performance in children and predisposes them to cardiovascular diseases in the long run. Hence, the primary aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of RLS, poor sleep quality, and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted between September 2017 and March 2020 in Bengaluru, India, including all consenting PreUniversity College, Degree College, and Higher Secondary school students. After parental consent and assent (if applicable) was obtained, a semi-structured standardized pilot-tested questionnaire consisting of the RLS diagnostic criteria, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth sleepiness scale, and questions on sleep hygiene was administered. The prevalence was expressed as proportions and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Regression analysis was done to determine the predictors. RESULTS: The overall prevalence (95% CI; frequency) of students with RLS, poor sleep quality, and EDS in our study population was 8.36% (7.54, 9.24; n = 1,544/4,211), 36.67% (35.21, 38.14; n = 1,544/4,211), and 39.87% (38.39, 41.37; n = 1,679/4,211), respectively. PSQI and Epworth score were the significant predictors of RLS. Age, Epworth score, knowledge score, and the number of unacceptable sleep habits were the significant predictors of sleep quality. Female gender, PSQI, RLS, knowledge score, and the number of unacceptable sleep habits were the significant predictors of EDS. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of RLS, those with poor sleep quality and EDS among adolescents and young adults was higher when compared to the historical data of general population in the same city. 2022 S. Karger AG, Basel. -
Prevalence of hypertension and determination of its risk factors in korangrapady, udupi district, coastal Karnataka, India
Objective: Hypertension is a global public health problem that estimates about 4.5% of overall disease burden. It is a general health challenge in economically developing and developed countries. High blood pressure prevalence is increased from 11.2% to 28% (p<0.001) and 2342.2% in rural and urban area according to the study done in Delhi for about 20 years. It is one of the important risk factors of cardiovascular disease, which is associated with morbidity and mortality. The aim was to identify the significant correlates of hypertension in a rural village in south India. Methods: Data were collected through a door-to-door survey among the residents of the village. Data collected was related to demographics and anthropometric measures. Blood pressure was measured with the help of the medical supervisor. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test for comparison between attributes. The potential hazard factor of hypertension was found by performing binary logistic regression model. Result: Of 299 participants considered for the study, 50 were hypertensive contributing to the overall prevalence of 16.72% with 95% confidence interval of 0.12920.2137, in which females have the prevalence rate of 17.8% and males with the prevalence rate of 15.5%. The study outcome identified education level, occupation, and family history of hypertension is the predicted risk factors. Conclusion: The high blood pressure prevalence is low and comparable with the studies conducted in other rural regions of India. More studies are, however, required to decide the appropriation and determinants of hypertension in different parts of this region. 2018 The Authors. -
Price Discovery and Asymmetric Volatility Spillovers in Indian Spot-Futures Gold Markets
International Journal of Economic Sciences and Applied Research, Vol-5 (3), pp. 65-80. ISSN-1791-5120 -
Price Discovery of Currency Futures at NSE
The current study aimed to examine the causal relationship between the NSE currency future rates and currency spot rates in order to identify the price discovery mechanism at NSE market and its integration with foreign exchange market (spot market). To study the causal relationship between the said markets, we have considered daily closing rates for NSE currency futures and currency spot rates for selected pairs of currencies, i.e. USD/INR, GBP/INR, JPY/INR and EURO/INR. The data was obtained from www.nseindia.com and www.investing.com for the period from Jan-2010 to Sep-2017, which makes approximately 1750 observations for each currency pair in each market. It is found that the spot rate for JPY/INR leads the future rate. It is also identified that the spot rate for USD/INR does not cause the changes in futures. It indicates that the market integration between spot and futures at NSE for currency pair USD/INR is strong compared to other selected currency pairs. From the variance decomposition test we found that there is almost no impact of variance in USD/INR spot rate on future rate variance forecast errors. It implies that the causal relationship between for USD/INR spot and future rates is strong and mature compared to the measured causal relationships for the remaining currency pairs. This study concludes that the price discovery process for currency pair USD/INR is better at NSE currency futures among the selected currency pairs. Copyright 2022 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License -
Pricing and content Netflixs dilemma in India
Learning outcomes: The learning outcomes of this study are as follows:1. Analyze the pricing strategy followed by Netflix in India;2. Examine the challenges faced by media companies, including over-the-top (OTT) service providers, in developing content for target consumers in emerging markets; and3. Evaluate the dynamics of the Indian OTT industry and understand the effect of external and internal factors on the growth of Netflix in India. Case overview/synopsis: This case discusses the dilemma faced by Netflix in India regarding pricing and content. Netflix was accused of hurting the religious and political sentiments of Indians by broadcasting bold shows such as Sacred Games and A Suitable Boy. Netflix is caught in a dilemma between its pursuit to achieve its target of achieving 100 million subscribers from India versus continuing its profitable high pricing strategy. Another key dilemma is regarding the streaming of attractive bold content which may occasionally hurt the religious/political sentiments of some Indians or stream only safe content which may be deemed as boring by its young target audience. Complexity academic level: Undergraduate and postgraduate students studying Marketing courses in Commerce and Business Management streams can use this case. Supplementary materials: Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code: CSS 8: Marketing. 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Pricing of liquidity risk in the indian stock market
Empirical literature from developed stock markets identifies liquidity risk to have impacts on the price of a stock. Given this, using one-minute trade and quote data of fifty stocks constituting the NIFTY 50 Index, this study examines the pricing of liquidity risk in the Indian stock market. The study uses thirteen liquidity measures identified from literature that cover the cost, quantity, time and multidimensional aspects of liquidity. The innovations in the liquidity measures are considered as the proxy for liquidity risk. Employing Generalized Methods of Moments estimation, the study proves that Indian investors expect to have a premium for holding securities that are illiquid when the whole market is illiquid. It proves liquidity risk as a priced factor and thus validates the liquidity-adjusted capital asset pricing model in the Indian stock market. It cautions the investors that the liquidity shocks can have significant inferences on portfolio diversification strategies to be adopted. 2020 GEA College – Faculty of Entrepreneurship. All rights reserved. -
Primordial Planets with an Admixture of Dark Matter Particles and Baryonic Matter
It has been suggested that primordial planets could have formed in the early universe and the missing baryons in the universe could be explained by primordial free-floating planets of solid hydrogen. Many such planets were recently discovered around the old and metal-poor stars, and such planets could have formed in early epochs. Another possibility for missing baryons in the universe could be that these baryons are admixed with DM particles inside the primordial planets. Here, we discuss the possibility of the admixture of baryons in the DM primordial planets discussed earlier. We consider gravitationally bound DM objects with the DM particles constituting them varying in mass from 20 to100 GeV. Different fractions of DM particles mixed with baryonic matter in forming the primordial planets are discussed. For the different mass range of DM particles forming DM planets, we have estimated the radius and density of these planets with different fractions of DM and baryonic particles. It is found that for heavier-mass DM particles with the admixture of certain fractions of baryonic particles, the mass of the planet increases and can reach or even substantially exceed Jupiter mass. The energy released during the process of merger of such primordial planets is discussed. The energy required for the tidal breakup of such an object in the vicinity of a black hole is also discussed. 2023 by the authors. -
Prioritizing evaluation criteria of IoT-driven warehousing startups: asilver lining to the unorganized sector in food supply chain
Purpose: This research is designed to meet two research objectives: firstly, to weigh up the criteria of Internet of Things (IoT) adoption in warehousing startups; secondly, to rank warehousing startups on the basis of benefits they derive from IoT adoption catering to an unorganized sector in the food supply chain. Design/methodology/approach: A blend of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) methods of multi-criteria decision-making techniques were applied. AHP determined the weights of various criteria using pairwise comparison, and COPRAS technique ranked the 10 warehousing startups on account of performance indicators. The study has been conducted at the warehousing startups of Bangalore, a hub of food warehousing startups. Findings: The critical findings of the study revealed that these food warehouse startups attain improved productivity in terms of enhancing efficiency when implemented with IoT adoption. When evaluated using both AHP and COPRAS techniques, the combined results show WH5 as the best performing and WH10 as the least performing warehouse startups. Practical implications: Warehouses that are embarking on their business opportunity in food storage can strategize to leverage the benefits of IoT in terms of food safety and security, capacity planning, layout design, space utilization and resilience. Originality/value: Despite the numerous research works on food supply chain, the research on IoT in warehousing startups is limited. The rankings for the 10 food warehousing startups integrated with IoT using AHP-COPRAS approaches are the novelty of this work. 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Prioritizing the Essentials: The MBA Aspirants Dilemma
Objective decision-making while choosing an appropriate college for a Master in Business Administration (MBA) is only half-done. It is critical that the student be able to find the best placement at the end of the course by acquiring the most critical skills/specializations affecting placements and involves data-driven decision-making based on past placement trends. Viti and Vania have done their preliminary selection, of ABC College for their MBA course, based on the colleges credence quality. However, they are trying to understand the key success factors (KSFs) affecting placements at ABC to focus their next two years on getting most placement-ready. Having been provided with the placement details of the outgoing batch, they are looking to analyze the data to discover the most critical parameters affecting placements. NeilsonJournals Publishing 2023. -
Priority based prediction mechanism for ranking providers in federated cloud architecture
Cloud computing is a growing and excellent technology, as exponentially increasing the interest among users to utilize cloud applications; they need to depend on any one of the particular service provider. Now a days number of service providers also rapidly increasing in wide range, this leads ambiguity and distrust among the users. In this paper, enhanced broker based federated cloud architecture is proposed to resolve the selection of service provider issue using grading techniques and results proved that better performance improvement than single service provider selection. This broker architecture also addresses to selects the appropriate service provider automatically in the federated cloud architecture for the users submitted requests by previous experience with help of Bayesian network model. The former one implemented through concept of grade system. It is constructed for categorizing the providers based on the level of available resources. Grade and grade values distributed by applying the grade distribution algorithm for distinguishes the components. Total grade values computed for every service provider and sorted using quick sort algorithm to grade the cloud service providers. Priority based feedback decision tree technique added with this for separates similar grade cloud service provider in the selected list. Second Bayesian network model also used to rank the cloud service providers according to the previous performance of the providers with customers. Probability of satisfied customers feedback calculated for individual Service Measurements Index of Cloud Service Providers. 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
Privacy breach perceptions and litigation intentions: Evidence from e-commerce customers
This paper examines the formation of litigation intentions among e-commerce customers under the privacy breach due to the influence of antecedents such as vulnerability, social risk, privacy dispositions, effectiveness privacy policy, awareness of data management and moderators such as privacy control beliefs, efficacy in coping and litigation complexity. A structural equation modelling analysis revealed that reasons for privacy breach perceptions are customer dispositions about privacy, anticipated vulnerability due to privacy breach, and social risk related to personal information disclosure. The control beliefs and coping skills of customers under privacy threat positively moderate litigation intentions. Similarly, the task complexity of litigation significantly reduces litigation intentions. 2021 -
Prob(E)abilities for enhanced research and interdisciplinarity: An exploration of innovative practices in english studies, languages, and media
An analysis of the history of research as well as contemporary trends in higher education in India reveals the predominance of scientific research. Public policies, developmental strategies, and market forces often determine the nature and output of research in humanities and social sciences. Research in literatures, languages, and media needs articulationa process that reveals the significant interdisciplinary interventions that can be brought to the process of research and highlights the need for purpose-driven research as research rather than need-based research for research. This paper offers a critical overview of the role of research in universities in India, contemporary approaches to research at the national level, and the need to engage in interdisciplinary, collaborative, and action-based research, especially in humanities and social sciences departments in universities across India. Further, the paper offers a few examples of interdisciplinary and collaborative research to highlight the need for a symbiotic approach to academic research. 2020 IUP. All Rights Reserved. -
Probability of Medication Adherence When Alarm Is Used as a Reminder
The main objective of this research is to find the effect of alarm as a form of reminder in improving medication adherence rate. Medication non-adherence is a problem that adversely impacts patients' health, finances, and longevity. Several factors are associated with medication non-adherence. This research uses the method of probability estimates, risk difference, relative risk, and odds ratio to analyze the probability of an increase in medication adherence among patients who use the alarm as a form of reminder. By clustered sampling and a structured questionnaire, 525 responses were obtained from patients suffering from different types of diseases in the state of Sikkim, India. It has been observed that using the alarm as a form of reminder significantly improves adherence rates. The odds of not missing a dose reduces to 49.3%. At a personal level, the chance of not missing the dose reduces by 32.6%, and if the total population is considered, 16.4% of people will not skip the dose if a reminder in the form of an alarm is used. 2022 International Journal of Reliable and Quality E-Healthcare. All rights reserved. -
Probing star formation in five of the most massive spiral galaxies observed through ASTROSAT UltraViolet Imaging Telescope
We present highly resolved and sensitive imaging of the five nearby massive spiral galaxies (with rotation velocities > 300 km s?1) observed by the UltraViolet Imaging Telescope onboard Indias multiwavelength astronomy satellite ASTROSAT, along with other archival observations. These massive spirals show a far-ultraviolet star formation rate in the range of ? 1.4 13.7 M? yr?1 and fall in the Green Valley region with a specific star formation rate within ? 10?11.5 10?10.5 yr?1. Moreover, the mean star formation rate density of the highly resolved star-forming clumps of these objects is in the range 0.011 0.098 M? yr?1 kpc?2, signifying localized star formation. From the spectral energy distributions, under the assumption of a delayed star formation model, we show that the star formation of these objects had peaked in the period of ? 0.8 2.8 Gyr after the Big Bang and the object that has experienced the peak sooner after the Big Bang show relatively less star-forming activity at z ? 0 and falls below the main-sequence relation for a stellar content of ? 1011 M?. We also show that these objects accumulated much of their stellar mass in the early period of evolution with ? 31 42 per cent of the total stellar mass obtained in a time of (1/16) (1/5)th the age of the Universe. We estimate that these massive objects convert their halo baryons into stars with efficiencies falling between ? 7 and 31 per cent. 2024 Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. -
Probing the effect of newly synthesized phenyltrimethylammonium tetrachloroaluminate ionic liquid as an inhibitor for carbon steel corrosion
The corrosion protection effect of phenyltrimethylammoniumtetrachloroaluminate[PTMA]+[AlCl4]?as an inhibitor was explored in the present work. In this paper, the authors have explored a non-heterocyclicbased ionic liquid as a corrosion inhibitor for metal protection in the acid cleaning process of metal. In particular, a negative ion is designed based onthe lewis acid concept by which it could cover the maximum surface by the bigger molecule size. The inhibition efficiency was found to be steadily increasing as the concentration of the [PTMA]+[AlCl4]? ionic liquids increased.These studies revealed thatthe inhibitor exhibited a remarkable potential for corrosion protection on carbon steel in 1 N HCl solution. Stable corrosion protection efficiency (96%) was achieved for 1.3 mMof inhibitor. The adsorption of the inhibitive molecule was studied by Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The anti-corrosion effect of ionic liquid on the surface protection was revealed by scanning electron microscope (SEM)and lower surface roughness attained at an optimum concentration of inhibitor in atomic force microscope (AFM) analysis. In this study, with the view of the experimental and theoretical investigation (gaseous and aqueous forms of [PTMA]+[AlCl4]? ionic liquid in presence of HCl)was investigated, and finding deduced that the ionic liquid offered maximum dispenses with the heterocyclic group. In addition, to validate the experimental result, dynamic simulation studies were performed in both gaseous and liquid stimulation conditions. 2021 The Author(s) -
Probing the formation of megaparsec-scale giant radio galaxies: I. Dynamical insights from magnetohydrodynamic simulations
Context. Constituting a relatively small fraction of the extended-jetted population, giant radio galaxies (GRGs) form in a wide range of jet and environment configurations. This observed diversity complicates the identification of the growth factors that facilitate their attainment of megaparsec scales. Aims. This study aims to numerically investigate the hypothesized formation mechanisms of GRGs extending ?1 Mpc in order to assess their general applicability. Methods. We employed tri-axial ambient medium settings to generate varying levels of jet frustration and simulated jets with a low and a high power from different locations in the environment. This approach formulated five representations evolving under a relativistic magnetohydrodynamic framework. Results. The emergence of distinct giant phases in all five simulated scenarios suggests that GRGs may be more common than previously believed. This prediction can be verified with contemporary and forthcoming radio telescopes. We find that different combinations of jet morphology, power, and evolutionary age of the formed structure hold the potential to elucidate different formation scenarios. In all of these cases, the lobes are overpressured, prompting further investigation into pressure profiles when jet activity ceases, potentially distinguishing between relic and active GRGs. We observed a potential phase transition in GRGs marked by differences in lobe expansion speed and pressure variations compared to their smaller evolutionary phases. This suggests the need for further investigation across a broader parameter space to determine if lobe evolution in GRGs fundamentally differs from smaller radio galaxies. The axial ratio analysis reveals self-similar expansion in rapidly propagating jets, while there is a notable deviation when the jet forms wider lobes. Overall, this study emphasizes that multiple growth factors simultaneously at work can better elucidate the current-day population of GRGs, including scenarios such as the growth of GRGs in dense environments, GRGs extending several megaparsecs, development of GRGs in low-powered jets, and the formation of morphologies such as GRG-XRGs. The Authors 2025. -
Probing the nature of defects of graphene like nano-carbon from amorphous materials by raman spectroscopy
Raman spectral characterization of selected carbonaceous materials has been carried out at excitation wavelengths 514, 633 and 1064 nm. Raman studies exhibit the presence of G band owing to the first order of E2g mode scattering. sp3 domains at about 1355 cm-1 (D band) are ascribed to the disordered structures due to the on-site and hoping defects which introduces distortions in the crystal lattice. Spectral de-convolution indicates the prominence of bands namely G, D1, D2, D3 and D4. D3 and D4 bands follow Gaussian, while the others Lorentian distribution. With change in excitation wavelength of laser, the degree of dispersion of G peak and ID/IG intensity ratio are found to increase. The crystallite size La, shows an inverse relation with intensity of defect to graphite band (ID/IG) and it also obeys Tuinstra-Koenig relation for nano-crystalline substance. The lateral size of aromatic lamellae determined using XRD analysis is in good agreement with that of Raman analysis. The feasibility of using kerosene soot, diesel soot and carbon black for electrochemical applications are also explored. -
Probing the soft state evolution of 4U 1543-47 during its 2021 outburst using AstroSat
4U 1543-47 underwent its brightest outburst in 2021 after two decades of inactivity. During its decay phase, AstroSat conducted nine observations of the source spanning from 2021 July 1 to September 26. The first three observations were performed with an offset of 40 arcmin with AstroSat/LAXPC, while the remaining six were on-axis observations. In this report, we present a comprehensive spectral analysis of the source as it was in the High/Soft state during the entire observation period. The source exhibited a disc-dominated spectra with a weak high-energy tail (power-law index ?2.5) and a high inner disc temperature (?0.84 keV). Modelling the disc continuum with non-relativistic and relativistic models, we find inner radius to be significantly truncated at >10 Rg. Alternatively, to model the spectral evolution with the assumption that the inner disc is at the innermost stable circular orbit, it is necessary to introduce variation in the spectral hardening in the range ?1.5-1.9. 2023 The Author(s). -
Probiotic properties of bacillus subtilis isolated from dried anchovies (Stolephorus indicus) and evaluating its antimicrobial, antibiofilm and growth-enhancing potential in danio rerio
The study was aimed at isolating and characterising a potential probiotic bacterium from dried anchovies (Stolephorus indicus) and evaluating its antibacterial, antibiofilm and growth enhancing potential in Danio rerio. The isolate was identified as Bacillus subtilis using 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Probiotic properties were characterised based on the ability of the isolated strain to survive in simulated gastric juice and trypsin. Isolated strain was further subjected to varying pH, temperature, different concentrations of organic solvents to evaluate its potential to tolerate stress. Biofilm inhibition against Vibrio harveyi (31.54.6%), Escherichia coli (28.84.2 %), Pseu-domonas aeruginosa (34.83.1%) and Staphylococcus aureus (34.43.75%) was noted. The study showed that the isolate improved the survival rate of Danio rerio against Vibrio harveyi and Escherichia coli. The weight (12.770.06) and length (11.4130.18) gain percentage was numerically (p> 0.05) improved in probiotic supplemented groups as compared to control. The use of probiotics from non-conventional sources can improve the diversity of the available probiotics for aquaculture practices. 2021 Ali L et al. -
Probiotic properties of enterococcus faecium isolated from gallus gallus domesticus and its antimicrobial, antibiofilm and growth enhancing potential in danio rerio
This study focused on isolation and characterisation of potential probiotic bacteria from a non aquatic source (Gallus gallus domesticus). Enterococcus sp. was isolated from the midgut of G. gallus domesticus and was characterised for its ability to survive in artificial gastric juice, trypsin, varying pH and temperature, different concentrations of organic solvents, and was evaluated for its ammonia reduction potential. Notable inhibition of biofilm against Vibrio harveyi (41.03.2 %), Escherichia coli (33.04.0 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (37.84.0 %) and Staphylococcus aureus (41.72.0 %) was observed. The study showed that the isolate improved the survival rate of Danio rerio against V. harveyi and E. coli in challenge studies using survival analysis. The weight and length gains observed were 4.90.1 % and 0.30.2 % (p>0.05), respectively. The use of probiotics from nonaquatic sources can increase the diversity of available probiotics for aquaculture practices. 2021, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University. All rights reserved.