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Does financial inclusion control corruption in upper-middle and lower-middle income countries?
Presence of corruption in a system is always a path breaker for transparent distribution of public services in the economy. Therefore, controlling corruption is a high priority for progress of a countrys growth. The main objective of this study was to empirically examine the impacts of financial inclusion on control of corruption in selected upper-middle and lower-middle income countries. Using cross-country annual data from 2004 to 2018, the study applied fixed effect, random effect, panel corrected standard errors, feasible general least square and 2SLS (two-stage least-squares regression) models to evaluate the impacts of financial inclusion on control of corruption across all samples from upper-middle and lower-middle income countries. The results from the upper-middle income (UMI) countries demonstrated that a basic level of financial inclusion has no impact on the control of corruption, whereas higher intensification of financial inclusion beyond the basic level positively impacts it. Similarly, the findings from lower-middle-income (LMI) countries indicated that financial inclusion up to a certain threshold level helps to control corruption, whereas financial inclusion above the threshold level negatively impacts the control of corruption. These empirical findings suggest that in the overall sample, financial inclusion plays an important role to control corruption. 2022, The Japan Section of the Regional Science Association International. -
Financial Inclusion and Human Development in Indian States: Evidence from the Post-Liberalisation Periods
This article examines the existing synergy between financial inclusion and human development in Indian states during the post-liberalisation periods (19932015). Using both principal component analysis and panel data regression models, first, the impact of financial inclusion on human development is measured. Second, the reverse causality from human development to financial inclusion is estimated to know whether human development should be a pre-condition for ensuring greater financial inclusiveness in Indian states. It is found that financial inclusion has a positive and statistically significant impact on human development, along with other control variables such as social sector expenditure, per capita state gross domestic product and capital receipt. However, the lack of urbanisation (measured by the percentage of rural population) has a negative and significant impact on the process of human development in Indian states. On the other hand, since human development has also a significant reverse causal connection with financial inclusion, it is argued that ensuring financial inclusion through urbanisation measures would not only improve the level of human development in Indian states, but it would also sustain the process of inclusive development in itself due to the existing feedback loop with the later. 2022 Institute for Human Development. -
Blue ocean marketing- A promising strategy /
Vol. 7 No. 1 (2013) ISSN: 2278-5612 -
Comparing maritime piracy along the coasts of Africa: In search of a solution for the Gulf of Guinea
Merchant ships at sea have been under threat for centuries from criminal activities such as maritime piracy and armed robbery. Such acts have seen a rise in recent years, with new breeding grounds mushrooming across the globe. In Africa, such criminal activities are as old as maritime trade, with three severely affected regions, each with its own dynamics. While piracy on the eastern coast (Gulf of Aden) has been brought under control by international maritime forces and that on the south-eastern coast (Mozambique Channel) by local maritime forces, piracy on the western side (Gulf of Guinea) continues unabated and has become a matter of concern for the world's maritime fraternity. In an effort to find a solution for piracy in the Gulf of Guinea, this article aims to compare and analyse incidents of piracy along the coasts of Africa and understand whether the countermeasures adopted on the eastern coasts can be replicated on the western one. 2020 National Maritime Foundation. -
A Search for X-Ray/UV Correlation in the Reflection-dominated Seyfert 1 Galaxy Markarian 1044
Correlated variability between coronal X-rays and disk optical/UV photons provides a very useful diagnostic of the interplay between the different regions around an active galactic nucleus (AGN) and how they interact. AGNs that reveal strong X-ray reflection in their spectra should normally exhibit optical/UV to X-ray correlation consistent with reprocessingwhereas the optical/UV emission lags behind the X-rays. While such correlated delay has been seen in some sources, it has been absent in others. Mrk 1044 is one such source that has been known to reveal strong X-ray reflection in its spectra. In our analysis of three long XMM-Newton and several Swift observations of the source, we found no strong evidence for correlation between its UV and X-ray lightcurves both on short and long timescales. Among other plausible causes for the nondetection, we posit that higher X-ray variability rather than UV and strong general relativistic effects close to the black hole may also be responsible. We also present results from the spectral analysis based on XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations, which show the strong soft X-ray excess and iron K? line in the 0.3-50 keV spectrum that can be described by relativistic reflection. 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. -
Correlated variability of the reflection fraction with the X-ray flux and spectral index for Mrk 478
The X-ray spectrum of Mrk 478 is known to be dominated by a strong soft excess that can be described using relativistic blurred reflection. Using observations from XMM-Newton, AstroSat, and Swift, we show that for the long-term (?years) and intermediate-term (days to months) variability, the reflection fraction is anticorrelated with the flux and spectral index, which implies that the variability is due to the hard X-ray producing corona moving closer to and further from the black hole. Using flux-resolved spectroscopy of the XMM-Newton data, we show that the reflection fraction has the same behaviour with flux and index on short time-scales of hours. The results indicate that both the long- and short-term variability of the source is determined by the same physical mechanism of strong gravitational light bending causing enhanced reflection and low flux as the corona moves closer to the black hole. 2022 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. -
The Impact of Computer-Mediated Communication on Relationships and Social Interactions
Computer-mediated communication (CMC) has profoundly changed how we express or connect in the modern world. Various virtual platforms, like Instagram, WhatsApp, and online games, have transformed how we communicate, and there is an overlap between the virtual and the physical world. This reflective study uses a comprehensive literature synthesis to examine the transforming nature of CMC on relationships and socialization patterns. The findings emphasize the importance of a holistic approach to understanding technology in interpersonal communication. Through this study, we attempt to mitigate the potential harms of excessive internet use through digital literacy, reflecting on online interactions and mindfulness in using the medium, especially for school-age children. The main takeaway from this reflective research is that when using technology for communication, one should practice equality and fairness across the board. Both the real and virtual worlds operate on the same principles of similarity and social exchange to create relationships, even though these theories are based on traditional offline relationships. 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Impact of national income and public expenditure on employment and its public-private sector composition in indian economy
The paper focuses on the analysis of the impact of Gross National Income and Public Expenditure on total employment and its public and private sector components. It also examines the ratios of public and private sector employment to total employment and public sector to private sector employment. Results of summary statistics of employment, public and private sector employment, public expenditure, and gross national income are briefly discussed. Growth of total employment, public and private sector employment, gross national income and public expenditure is examined to determine the direction and magnitudes of inter-temporal changes. Growth trend of all three ratios is determined to detect and to anticipate the interrelations of change. Stationarity of time series of total employment, employment in public and private sectors, gross national income and public expenditure of Indian economy is evaluated by Random Walk Model and Dickey-Fuller test. Results show that the time series data of total, public and private sector employment approximate normal distribution with extremely low skewedness and concentration. The coefficients of variation of all 6 time series data are relatively very low. But the time series of GNI is non-stationary at 0.05 probability level, while time series of public expenditure displays negative trend. Negative change in private sector employment is determined by lagged private sector employment and private income/expenditure. Results of Engel-Granger test of co-integration show the variables to be well co-integrated in the chosen distributed lag models. 2021 DAV College. All rights reserved. -
Preparation, characterization, and electrochemical properties of PEO/PVDF blend films
This paper reports the electrochemical properties of PEO, PEO/PVDF10, and PEO/PVDF30 blend films, The XRD spectra reveal the structural properties of the blend and, FTIR spectra provide the chemical interaction between the blends, and observed FESEM images of PEO/PVDF blend film shows the porous with spherulite grain structure and AFM images gives the surface topology. The thermal stability, melting point, and decomposes of the polymer blend film were examined through TGA, DTA, and DSC. CV curve shows the proper oxidation and redox reaction involved in the blend film, these results provide the prepared polymer blend film is a good candidate for used to the separator in energy storage applications. 2022 Elsevier B.V. -
Spiking neural network with blockchain for tampered image detection using forensic steganography images
Accurate tools are required to acknowledge misleading images in order to maintain image legitimacy, and these tools must allow for legal operations on images. Additionally, after posting their images to the Internet, image owners lose rights over the images because there are no measures in place to safeguard them from misuse. One of the most well-liked techniques for addressing copyright disputes is the use of steganography technologies. The embedded steganography images can, sadly, be easily altered or deleted. To address this problem, this work presents the spiking neural network (SNN) with blockchain for tampered image detection utilizing forensic steganography images. Forensic steganography images that have been altered can be found with this SNN. Using steganography images from the database, SNN is trained in this model. The blockchain stores the owners access policies. The Python platform is used to implement the proposed strategy. F-measure, specificity, accuracy, precision, recall false positive rate (FPR), and false negative rate (FNR) are used to gauge how well the proposed approach performs. When compared to state-of-the-art approaches, the proposed approach obtained an impressive rise of 98.65%, in classification accuracy. 2024 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. -
"Workplace ostracism, complacency and career plateau impediment in the career path of a dignified clerk"
Learning outcomes: The case study intends to depict the career plateau of an old committed and loyal employee of an organization. The deliberation on the case enables participants to understand the vitality of career planning for employees and organizations. The case helps to develop reflections on workplace ostracism, to arrive at the solutions to address the issues of career planning, to value the experience of the employee and give him a sense of satisfaction. Overall, to understand the importance of career planning for applying HR and OB concepts at the workplace. Case overview/synopsis: It is an account of a real scenario in the automation industry, with slight modifications to hide the identity. The essence of the case study is when a loyal employee is branded as a dignified clerk and gets a feeling of ostracism. The employees makes the organization, terminations because of outdated skills shall be a debatable topic. However, such practices have a profound impact on the other employees who stays in the organization and affect their productivity level. Career adaptability helps to overcome termination issues; adaptability is a psychological process of assisting an individual in coping with the challenges of automation technologies (Zhang Wenguang et al., 2019), it is a process of showing concerns, providing controls, solving curiosity and developing confidence during the transition process. When technologies are implemented the employer needs to address specific challenges access to technology, access to information, provide required skills and competencies to use technology, integrate people, these challenges support the successful implementation of technology (Kettunen and Sampson Jr., 2019). Career planning is a joint effort of employee and employer that sets the development target and path; the process sets demands for both the parties; it places an irreplaceable role for individual growth and corporate strategy (Zhai Meng et al., 2018). The Findings are the frequent review of job analysis and career planning that are critical for the organization's success; if done inappropriately, it would make one's roles obsolete. The critical implications of this case are the essence of career planning and the upskilling of employees. The case is useful for teaching job analysis, career planning concepts. The story is original and explains the transition of an automation industry from labor to capital intensive. The transition to automation makes a loyal employee feel ostracized due to a lack of skill sets. Complexity academic level: Post graduate students studying in business and management and working professional of human resources can use this case. Supplementary materials: Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code: CSS 6: Human resource management. 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Exploring the consequences of ethical leadership on CSR: a study on the Indian manufacturing industry
Human beings react to their perception, often thinking it is reality. The present study examines perceptions of employees on ethical leadership and its consequences on CSR effectiveness. This study showcases a few ethical behaviours of the leaders that positively persuade their employees to see organisational CSR effectiveness. The study is conducted in the Indian manufacturing sector by capturing the data from 285 employees of the 61 companies that responded. The study comes with significant practical and research implications. The analysis used statistical methods such as exploratory factor analysis and structural equation model (SEM) to test the hypothesis. The study showed that it is essential to hold a positive employer branding via CSR. Practically, this study informs you of the need of the leader to maintain a positive perception among the employees. Research-wise, the study extends the literature on CSR by linking it with employees' ethical leadership perception. Copyright 2022 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Employer branding on the creation of anticipatory psychological contract
The process of the psychological contract (PC) starts before the employee joins the organisation. The brand of the company remains in the mind of candidates who apply for the job. Considering this relation, this research work is carried out to offer a detailed analysis of the position of employer branding (EB) in the formation of anticipatory psychological contracts (APCs) among millennials. The empirical study was carried out with a sample size of 330 respondents who are studying post-graduation management studies; these students are about to join the corporates. The outcomes of this study show that EB significantly impacts the PC. EB has a strong influence on relational expectations as compared to transactional expectations and employee obligations among potential employees. This paper helps recruitment managers to understand the expectations of potential employees and their beliefs towards their employers during the pre-employment phase. Copyright 2022 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Nonlinear stability analysis of double-diffusive convection in KelvinVoigt fluid with chemical reaction
The influence of Rayleigh friction and chemical reaction on the onset of double-diffusive convection in a NavierStokesVoigt (NSV) fluid layer is investigatedby conducting linear instability and nonlinear stability analyses. The fluid layer is subjected to isothermal conditions and chemical equilibrium at the boundaries. The solubility of the dissolved component exhibits a linear dependency on temperature. The analysis is conducted for two distinct cases: the fluid layer is heated and salted from the bottom (case-1), and the fluid layer is heated from the bottom and salted from the top (case-2). Analytical expressions for the thermal Rayleigh number are obtained for both linear and nonlinear theories, and these expressions depend on KelvinVoigt, Rayleigh friction, solutal Rayleigh, Lewis, Prandtl, and Damkohler numbers. Including the Rayleigh friction term in the NSV fluid model improves the stability of the system and hence instabilityoccurs with less ease. For lower solutal Rayleigh numbers, convection commences in the stationary mode and subsequently transitions to the traveling wave mode occurred in case-1. The Damkohler number plays a significant role in the linear instability thresholds. It is also found that the KelvinVoigt number acts as a stabilizing factor for oscillatory mode convection. The comparison between linear and nonlinear thresholds unveils the region characterized by subcritical instability. 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
Nonlinear stability analysis of Rayleigh-Bard problem for a Navier-Stokes-Voigt fluid
The linear and nonlinear stability analyses of thermosolutal convection in a non-Newtonian Navier-Stokes-Voigt fluid, considering Soret and Ekman damping effects, are conducted analytically. Instability thresholds are determined for thermosolutal convection within a viscoelastic fluid of the Kelvin-Voigt type, wherein a dissolved salt field exists. Two scenarios are examined: one where the fluid layer is heated from the bottom and concurrently salted from the bottom, and the other where the fluid layer is heated from the bottom and concurrently salted from the top. The governing partial differential equations system includes conservation laws of mass, momentum, energy, and salt concentration. Using the energy method, the disturbances to the fluid system are shown to decay exponentially. Analytical expressions are developed for the eigenvalue as a function of Soret, Lewis, Prandtl, Kelvin-Voigt, and Rayleigh friction numbers. The study illustrates the shift from a stationary mode of convection to an oscillatory mode and provides thresholds that indicate these transitions. It is found that the viscoelastic property of the fluid acts as a stabilizing agent for oscillatory mode convection. Rayleigh friction substantially controls the convection threshold. Upon comparing threshold values between linear and nonlinear theories, a subcritical instability region is observed in the heating bottom-salting bottom case (case-1), whereas such a region is absent in the heating bottom-salting top case (case-2). 2024 Elsevier Ltd -
Lie group analysis of flow and heat transfer of a nanofluid in conedisk systems with Hall current and radiative heat flux
A study of the rheological and heat transport characteristics in conedisk systems finds relevance in many applications such as viscometry, conical diffusers, and medical devices. Therefore, a three-dimensional axisymmetric flow with heat transport of a magnetized nanofluid in a conedisk system subjected to Hall current and thermal radiation effects is investigated. The simplified NavierStokes (NS) equations for the conedisk system given by Sdougos et al. [18] Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 138, 379404 are solved by using the asymptotic expansion method for the four different models, such as rotating cone with static disk (Model I), rotating disk with static cone (Model II), co-rotating cone and disk (Model III), and counter-rotating cone and disk (Model IV). The KhanaferVafaiLightstone (KVL) model along with experimental data-based properties of 37 nm Al2O3H2O nanofluid is considered. To obtain the transformations leading to self-similar equations from the NavierStokes (NS) and energy conservation equations, the Lie group technique is used. The self-similar nonlinear problem is solved numerically to examine the effects of physical parameters. There are critical values of the power exponent at which no heat transport from the disk surface occurs. Nanoparticles significantly enhance heat transport when both the cone and disk rotate in the same or opposite directions. The centrifugal force and thermal radiation improve the heat transport in conedisk systems. 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
The Rayleigh-Bard problem for water with maximum density effects
Linear stability and weakly nonlinear stability analyses are developed for Rayleigh-Bard convection in water near 3.98 C subject to isothermal boundary conditions. The density-temperature relationship (equation of state) is approximated by a cubic polynomial, including linear, quadratic, and cubic terms. The continuity equation, the Navier-Stokes momentum equation, the equation of state, and the energy equation constitute the governing system. Linear stability analysis is used to investigate how the maximum density property of water affects the onset of convective instability and the choice of unstable wave number for four different types of boundary conditions. Then, a weakly nonlinear stability study is done using the spectral Fourier method for isothermal tangential stress-free boundary conditions to quantify the heat transport of the system and demonstrate the transition from regular/periodic convection to chaotic convection. A Stuart-Ginzburg-Landau equation is obtained using the multiscale expansion method. Streamlines and isotherms are presented and analyzed. The influence of maximum density has been shown to delay the onset of instability and is, therefore, a stabilizing mechanism for thermal instability. Due to the maximum density, the onset of chaotic convection is also delayed. Among four different boundaries, the impermeable rigid boundaries require the highest Rayleigh number for instability to begin. Increasing boundary temperatures advance the onset of chaotic convection and improve the heat transport situation. 2023 Author(s). -
Heat transfer of nanomaterial over an infinite disk with marangoni convection: A modified fouriers heat flux model for solar thermal system applications
The demand for energy due to the population boom, together with the harmful consequences of fossil fuels, makes it essential to explore renewable thermal energy. Solar Thermal Systems (STSs) are important alternatives to conventional fossil fuels, owing to their ability to convert solar thermal energy into heat and electricity. However, improving the efficiency of solar thermal systems is the biggest challenge for researchers. Nanomaterial is an effective technique for improving the efficiency of STSs by using nanomaterials as working fluids. Therefore, the present theoretical study aims to explore the thermal energy characteristics of the flow of nanomaterials generated by the surface gradient (Marangoni convection) on a disk surface subjected to two different thermal energy modulations. Instead of the conventional Fourier heat flux law to examine heat transfer characteristics, the CattaneoChristov heat flux (Fouriers heat flux model) law is accounted for. The inhomogeneous nanomaterial model is used in mathematical modeling. The exponential form of thermal energy modulations is incorporated. The finite?difference technique along with Richardson extrapolation is used to treat the governing problem. The effects of the key parameters on flow distributions were analyzed in detail. Numerical calculations were performed to obtain correlations giving the reduced Nusselt number and the reduced Sherwood number in terms of relevant key parameters. The heat transfer rate of solar collectors increases due to the Marangoni convection. The thermophoresis phenomenon and chaotic movement of nanoparticles in a working fluid of solar collectors enhance the temperature distribution of the system. Furthermore, the thermal field is enhanced due to the thermal energy modulations. The results find applications in solar thermal exchanger manufacturing processes. 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. -
DarcyForchheimer Nanoliquid Flow and Radiative Heat Transport over Convectively Heated Surface with Chemical Reaction
Abstract: Improving the heat transport of energy transmission fluids is a vital challenge in numerous engineering applications such as photovoltaic thermal management, heat exchangers, transport and energy-saving processes, solar collectors, automotive refrigeration, electronic equipment refrigeration, and engine applications. Nanofluids address the challenges of thermal management in engineering applications. The DarcyForchheimer flow of magneto-nanofluid initiated by a stretched plate is investigated with application of the Buongiorno model. The features of the nth order chemical reaction, Rosseland thermal energy radiation, and non-uniform heat sink/source are also scrutinized. The Buongiorno nanoliquid model is implemented, which includes the frenzied motion of the nanoparticles and the thermal diffusion of the nanoparticles (NPs). Thermal and solutal convection heating boundary conditions are also incorporated. Boundary layer approximations are used in the mathematical derivation. The non-linear control problem is deciphered with application of the RungeKutta shooting method (RKSM). The results for the relevant parameters are analyzed in dimensionless profiles. In addition, the friction factor on the plate, the heat transport rate, and the mass transport rate of the nanoparticles are calculated and analyzed. 2022, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. -
Study of multilayer flow of a bi-viscous Bingham fluid sandwiched between hybrid nanofluid in a vertical slab with nonlinear Boussinesq approximation
Bi-viscosity Bingham plastic fluids are used to understand the rheological characteristics of pigment-oil suspensions, polymeric gels, emulsions, heavy oil, etc. In many industrial and engineering problems involving high-temperature situation, a linear density-temperature variation is inadequate to describe the convective heat transport. Therefore, the characteristics of the nonlinear convective flow of a bi-viscous Bingham fluid (BVBF) through three layers in a vertical slab are studied. The two outer layers of the oil-based hybrid nanofluid and the intermediate layer of BVBF are considered. The thermal buoyancy force is governed by the nonlinear Boussinesq approximation. Continuity of heat flux, velocity, shear stress, and temperature are imposed on the interfaces. The governing equations are derived from the Navier-Stokes equation, conservation of energy, and conservation of mass for three layers. The nonlinear multi-point (four-point) boundary value problem is solved using the differential transform method (DTM). Converging DTM solutions are obtained, and they are validated. The entropy equation and Bejan number were also derived and analyzed. It is established that the nonlinear density-temperature variation leads to a significant improvement in the magnitude of the velocity and temperature profiles due to the increased buoyancy force, and as a result, the drag force on the walls gets reduced. The drag force on the slab gets reduced by decreasing the volume fraction of nanoparticles. Furthermore, nonlinear convection and mixed convection give rise to an advanced rate of heat transport on the walls and thereby to an enhanced heat transport situation. 2022 Author(s).