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Study of multilayer flow of non-Newtonian fluid sandwiched between nanofluids
This theoretical investigation examines the nonlinear convective heat transport and multilayer flow of a non-Newtonian fluid within a vertical slab, incorporating viscous heating effects. The middle layer of the slab contains a third-grade fluid, while the outer layers are filled with a water-based Ag-MgO hybrid nanoliquid. Continuity in temperature, heat flux, velocity, and shear stress is maintained at the interfaces of the fluid layers. The thermal buoyancy force is modeled using the nonlinear Boussinesq approximation. The governing system comprises conservation equations for mass, momentum (Navier-Stokes), and energy for each of the three layers. These differential equations are non-dimensionalized, and the resulting dimensionless four-point nonlinear boundary value problem is transformed into a two-point boundary value problem before being solved numerically. For limiting cases, analytical and semi-analytical solutions are computed and used as benchmark results to validate the numerical method employed. Entropy generation analysis indicates that higher third-grade fluid parameters reduce the magnitude of velocity and temperature fields, as well as entropy production across all regions. The third-grade fluid parameter shows a decreasing influence on velocity and temperature fields throughout the system. The continuity of interfacial conditions induces a dragging effect; despite the absence of third-grade fluid parameters in regions I and III, their influence is apparent in these regions. The Bejan number slightly decreases at the walls with increasing third-grade fluid parameters, exhibiting a dual effect in the third-grade fluid layer. Near the walls, the Bejan number decreases as the nanoparticle volume fraction increases. Findings of this work may have applications in polymer industries and processes involving high temperatures. 2024 -
2D Materials Coated Flexible Origami for Low-Frequency Energy Harvesting
Wave energy is one of the most abundant energy sources. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are becoming more popular for sustainable energy generation from waves. Concerning the renewable energy demands, we focus on developing cost-effective and adaptable origami-TENGs (O-TENGs) for harvesting wave energy, specifically utilizing paper-based (cellulose) materials. An origami-inspired lightweight and scalable design is proposed to create high-performance O-TENGs suitable for the complex conditions of low-frequency wave excitation. The paper-based spring-like O-TENG is coated with two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets and demonstrates efficacy in harvesting mechanical energy in the ambient environment and the output performance compared with reduced graphene oxides (rGO). A detailed density functional theory (DFT) calculation was used to analyze the charge transfer mechanism in the coated origami structures. Furthermore, a barrel-shaped floating generator incorporating multiple origami TENGs is introduced to capture ocean wave energy across various frequencies, amplitudes, and directional movements. Since the coated origami structures show a good self-rebounding spring-like nature and energy harvesting properties, they are suitable for blue energy harvesting. 2025 American Chemical Society. -
Probing the formation of megaparsec-scale giant radio galaxies: I. Dynamical insights from magnetohydrodynamic simulations
Context. Constituting a relatively small fraction of the extended-jetted population, giant radio galaxies (GRGs) form in a wide range of jet and environment configurations. This observed diversity complicates the identification of the growth factors that facilitate their attainment of megaparsec scales. Aims. This study aims to numerically investigate the hypothesized formation mechanisms of GRGs extending ?1 Mpc in order to assess their general applicability. Methods. We employed tri-axial ambient medium settings to generate varying levels of jet frustration and simulated jets with a low and a high power from different locations in the environment. This approach formulated five representations evolving under a relativistic magnetohydrodynamic framework. Results. The emergence of distinct giant phases in all five simulated scenarios suggests that GRGs may be more common than previously believed. This prediction can be verified with contemporary and forthcoming radio telescopes. We find that different combinations of jet morphology, power, and evolutionary age of the formed structure hold the potential to elucidate different formation scenarios. In all of these cases, the lobes are overpressured, prompting further investigation into pressure profiles when jet activity ceases, potentially distinguishing between relic and active GRGs. We observed a potential phase transition in GRGs marked by differences in lobe expansion speed and pressure variations compared to their smaller evolutionary phases. This suggests the need for further investigation across a broader parameter space to determine if lobe evolution in GRGs fundamentally differs from smaller radio galaxies. The axial ratio analysis reveals self-similar expansion in rapidly propagating jets, while there is a notable deviation when the jet forms wider lobes. Overall, this study emphasizes that multiple growth factors simultaneously at work can better elucidate the current-day population of GRGs, including scenarios such as the growth of GRGs in dense environments, GRGs extending several megaparsecs, development of GRGs in low-powered jets, and the formation of morphologies such as GRG-XRGs. The Authors 2025. -
Parametric analysis for thermally magnetized hybrid ternary (TMHT) nanofluid flow on thin film with temperature stratification
The thermophysical examination of flow field claims various applications in both scientific and industrial domains and hence it remains important to inspect especially when both the heat and mass transfer are taken simultaneously. Owning such motivation, the present study offers a response surface optimization for thermal flow field of hybrid ternary water-based aluminium, silicon and Zinc nanofluid over a stretched surface manifested with both temperature stratification and concentration stratification effects. The governing equations are formulated for mathematical model and those PDE's are reduced to ODE's by using appropriate similarity transformations. Those obtained resultant equations are solved numerically by using Runge Kutta Fehlberg fourth fifth-order (RKF 45) technique. The supremacy of essential aspects on the flow field, heat and mass transfer rates were analyzed using graphical representation. Additionally, Response surface Methodology is performed to derived the heat transfer rate as a response function for the input factors for different parameters. From the graph it is noticed that temperature profile drops as the thermal stratification parameter increases. The temperature admits the direct relation with an increase in the solid volume fraction of ternary nanofluids. From RSM it is noticed that adjusted R-squared and R-squared are obtained as 100 % accuracy of the mathematical model. 2025 The Author(s) -
A novel AI model for the extraction and prediction of Alzheimer disease from electronic health record
Dark data is an emerging concept, with its existence, identification, and utilization being key areas of research. This study examines various aspects and impacts of dark data in the healthcare domain and designs a model to extract essential clinical parameters for Alzheimer's from electronic health records (EHR). The novelty of dark data lies in its significant impact across sectors. In healthcare, even the smallest data points are crucial for diagnosis, prediction, and treatment. Thus, identifying and extracting dark data from medical data corpora enhances decision-making. In this research, a natural language processing (NLP) model is employed to extract clinical information related to Alzheimer's disease, and a machine learning algorithm is used for prediction. Named entity recognition (NER) with SpaCy is utilized to extract clinical departments from doctors' descriptions stored in EHRs. This NER model is trained on custom data containing processed EHR text and associated entity annotations. The extracted clinical departments can then be used for future Alzheimer's diagnosis via support vector machine (SVM) algorithms. Results show improved accuracy with the use of extracted dark data, highlighting its importance in predicting Alzheimer's disease. This research also explores the presence of dark data in various domains and proposes a dark data extraction model for the clinical domain using NLP. 2025 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. -
Internet chat based intervention as a mode for therapy and counselling
Increasing mental health issues in India demands for a strong intervention to curb the rise. According to the World Health Organization, roughly around 21 Indians out of 100,000 die by suicide every year. The burden on mental health domain increases due to the existing system as most of the existing services follow a traditional approach and are most sought after but lack reachability and ease of access. This study recognises the need for programmes that help in reachability and ease of access while simultaneously maintaining anonymity, therefore, analyses the impact of chat-based therapy provided online through the platform. The paper analyses the difference in subjective unit of well-being (SUW) pre and post chat-based sessions among 2624 college students and 805 corporate employees. The Wilcoxon signed rank test between pre and post intervention indicates significant results with the p < 0.001 (Z = -44.100a) suggesting and increase in SUW scores post intervention. Further, the Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that the gender of the clients has an association with the SUW scores (p < 0.05). It was also found that the duration of the sessions had a positive relation with the impact scores (p < 0.001). The Author(s), 2025. -
Marketing odyssey for a digitally native brand: a case study of Sunbird Straws
Research methodology: The case study incorporated a combination of primary and secondary data collection approach. The authors interviewed Dr Varghese, the co-founder of Sunbird Straws and the protagonist in this case study. In addition, secondary data was obtained from various sources such as newspaper articles, journal publications and company reports. Case overview/synopsis: On a rosy and vibrant morning in 2017, Dr Saji Varghese, a professor at Christ University in Bangalore, stumbled upon a curved coconut leaf on the campus resembling a straw. This sparked his motivation to transform coconut leaves into a natural straw, prompting him to initiate experiments with coconut leaves in his kitchen. The process of boiling and straining leaves became his method for crafting an eco-friendly straw. After numerous attempts, he successfully produced straws from coconut leaves, introducing a distinctive and creative concept incubated at IIM Bangalore. These unique straws, crafted by Varghese, prioritised environmental friendliness and were also crafted entirely from biodegradable materials, free from harmful chemicals. These straws demonstrated durability in hot and cold beverages for up to 3 h, maintaining their integrity without becoming soggy or leaking. As the business flourished, it reached a critical juncture. The primary challenge centred around product marketing, mainly due to consumer unfamiliarity with such sustainable straws. This was a product that also fell under the category of low involvement for consumers. Raising awareness about the product and persuading consumers to purchase presented a significant hurdle. In response, Varghese assigned his team to develop cost-effective marketing strategies. Given the start-up nature of the business, advertising budgets were constrained, and the objective was to achieve a positive return on advertising spend for every investment in advertising the product. In addition, the focus was on increasing the likelihood of selling the straws on both business-to-business and business-to-consumer levels. In this case study, Vargheses role and predicament exemplify the delicate equilibrium that entrepreneurs frequently grapple with, striking a balance between marketing strategy and return on ad spent to steer the trajectory of their businesses. It offered a valuable examination of the nuanced decisions marketers encounter as they strive for both profitability and customer-centric products. Complexity academic level: The case study is relevant to the marketing discipline. All undergraduate and postgraduate-level marketing courses in higher education institutions can use this case study. It can also be used in integrated marketing communication or digital marketing classes. It can be used further in the hospitality and management fields. Also, online courses in marketing can include this case study. 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
TiO2-sodium alginate core-shell nanosystem for higher antimicrobial wound healing application
Wounds that are not properly managed can cause complications. Prompt and proper care is essential, to prevent microbial infection. Growing interest in metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) for innovative wound treatments targeting healing and microbial infections. In this research, sodium alginate-coated titanium dioxide (TiSA) NPs are synthesized through a green co-precipitation method, combining inorganic TiO2 (Titanium dioxide) and SA (sodium alginate). Analysis via XRD and TEM revealed that the resulting TiSA NPs possessed an anatase phase and polygonal structure, respectively. Biomedical investigations demonstrated that TiSA NPs exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to the positive control, as well as its counterparts, and showed higher wound healing capabilities compared to TiO2 NPs. The antimicrobial effectiveness of TiSA NPs relied on various physicochemical factors, including small particle size, an altered band gap, and the presence of oxygen vacancies, resulting in microbial cell death. Moreover, TiSA NPs treatment demonstrated higher wound healing activity (98 1.09 %) compared to its counterparts after 24 h of incubation. Assessment of cytotoxicity on healthy fibroblast cells (L929) revealed that TiSA NPs exhibited lower toxicity compared to TiO2 NPs. These findings support the potential of TiSA NPs as promising agents for antimicrobial activity and wound healing. 2025 Elsevier B.V. -
Patients trust in the Indian healthcare system and its impact on the intention to use artificial intelligence-based healthcare chatbots
Purpose: Indian patients have different medicine systems available at the service that alter their healthseeking behaviour (HSB). This study aims to examine the beliefs and behaviour of patients in India towards the healthcare system and how it affects their intention to use healthcare chatbots. Design/methodology/approach: A survey instrument was developed from standard scales and validated by experts. The data was collected from 397 respondents in an urban area and tested using a structural equation model in SAS JMP software. Findings: The study found that awareness and perception of chatbots and distrust on doctors and health systems impact trust in a chatbot. The results show that trust in chatbots influences the intention to use chatbots. The belief in alternative medicine systems and HSB also influence the intention to use chatbots. The study findings also imply that health-care chatbots should cater to HSB and the belief in alternative medicine. Research limitations/implications: The study was conducted only among the urban population because services based on technology are more available in metro cities. Bengaluru is considered the representative population of urban India. Practical implications: The level of disruption that chatbots can provide to the healthcare system makes this study significant. The study findings will help to manage the factors that can enable chatbot inclusivity, as the current system is inaccessible to many patients. Originality/value: This paper addresses an identified need to study patients trust in the Indian healthcare system and their intention to use chatbots. The level of disruptions these chatbots can cause in the health-care system is undeniable and patients trust in these chatbots will eventually transform the health-care sector. 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Structural and antibacterial assessment of two distinct dihydroxy biphenyls encapsulated with ?-cyclodextrin supramolecular complex
?-Cyclodextrin plays a vital role in biological application because it can enhance the stability and solubility of the guest molecules in the supramolecular inclusion complexes. Moreover, the ?-Cyclodextrin inclusion complex has control-releasing behavior and lower toxicity than bare guest molecules. To improve the solubility and stability properties of two structurally different fluorescent guest molecules, namely 2,2?-dihydroxy biphenyl and 3,3?-dihydroxy biphenyls, they involve the ?-Cyclodextrin inclusion complex process. Optical measurements clearly described the efficient binding through the changes in the absorbance and emission intensities of guest molecules in the presence of ?-Cyclodextrin. The Job's plot from absorbance measurements reveals the 1:1 stochiometric ratio of binding of guests and the ?-Cyclodextrin host. The FT-IR spectra of the solid complex show the characteristic stretching and bending vibrations from both the guests and the host molecule. The 1HNMR spectra of the inclusion complex promote downfield shifting of guest molecule protons upon binding with the ?-Cyclodextrin host. The solid complex prepared using the solution method exhibits superior antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria compared to the kneading and physical mixing methods. 2024 -
PEGylated Platinum Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Study of Their Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects
Pain and inflammation are common symptoms of a majority of the diseases. Chronic pain and inflammation, as well as related dreadful disorders, remain difficult to control due to a lack of safe and effective medications. In this work, biocompatible platinum nanoparticles with significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory action were synthesized through a wet chemical method using polyethylene glycol-400 as a capping agent and sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. The average particle size of these Pt nanospheres was determined to be 3.26 nm using TEM analysis, and X-ray diffraction confirmed their face-centered cubic crystalline structure. Fourier transform infrared and UV-visible spectroscopy confirm that Pt-NPs are coated with the PEG-400 molecule. The significantly negative zeta potential value (?26.8 mV) indicates the stability of the produced nanoparticles. In vitro cytotoxicity studies on normal cell lines show nontoxic behavior with over 96% cell viability at 100 ?g/mL of the test sample. In vitro assays of inhibition of protein denaturation and DPPH free radical scavenging elucidated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of PEGylated Pt NPs with promising EC50 values 57.99 and 9.324 ?g/mL, respectively. In vivo animal trials confirmed that PEG-capped Pt-NPs are more effective than conventional medicines. The in vivo hot plate assay for the analgesic study shows a maximum response time of 14.5 1.22 s (92.54% analgesia) at a dosage of 50 mg/kg and 13.8 0.71 s (86.05% analgesia) at a dosage of 25 mg/kg after 180 and 240 min of administration, respectively. In the rat paw edema model for anti-inflammatory activity, the PEG-capped Pt NPs exhibit significant inhibitory action, with the maximum percentage of edema inhibition at a dosage of 50 mg/kg identical to that of the aspirin-based standard medication administered at a higher dosage of 100 mg/kg, resulting in 42% inhibition, suggesting a versatile solution for inflammation and persistent pain. 2025 American Chemical Society. -
Screens and scars: SEM analysis of the relationship between childhood trauma, emotion regulation, and social media addiction
Background: Addiction is an increasingly significant global public health concern, affecting individuals across diverse age groups and demographics. With the rapid rise of digital technology, social media addiction has emerged as a growing behavioral issue, impacting mental health, interpersonal relationships, and daily functioning. Methods: This study employed an online cross-sectional self-report questionnaire, with university students aged 1635?years as the target population. Data were collected using Google Forms questionnaires, accessible via the university registration system, and sent to the participating students smart phones. The data collection instruments included the Social Media Addiction Scale (SMAS), the Childhood Trauma Scale (CTS), and the Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Results: Data from 318 university students were analyzed. The analysis of sociodemographic data revealed a mean participant age of 21.2?years, with 87.3% being female. An analysis of the relationship between social media addiction and childhood trauma revealed that participants with childhood trauma had higher social media addiction. The linear regression model, including childhood traumas and emotion regulation difficulties for social media addiction scores, was statistically significant. A positive correlation was observed between social media addiction and difficulty in emotion regulation. Conclusion: These findings suggest that individuals who struggle with emotion regulation tend to use social media more frequently. Furthermore, the negative effects of childhood trauma on emotion regulation capabilities during adulthood contribute to the development of social media addiction. Copyright 2025 Elkin, Mohammed Ashraf, K?l?nl, K?l?nL, Ranganathan, Sakarya and Soydan. -
Nano-architectured polypyrrole based magnetic nanocatalyst for the N- arylation of imidazoles and fused imidazoles
A new magnetically recoverable polypyrrole supported copper based nanocatalyst was synthesized, characterized with various analytical techniques like Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM), and Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) analysis. The loading of copper on the surface of the catalyst was found to be 4.23 wt%. The application of the synthesized nanocatalyst was checked for the N-arylation of imidazoles. Excellent catalytic performance was obtained with easy recoverability and reusability upto six cycles. The current green protocol makes it environmentally beneficial for scale-up industries. 2025 Elsevier B.V. -
FACTORS AFFECTING ORGANIC FARMING CULTIVATION AND THEIR ROLE IN ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDG)
Objectives: The paper aims to explore the factors which influence the organic farming cultivation in India and how they lead towards attainment of SDG. Theoretical Framework: This paper has adopted Theory of Planned Behavior to identify the factors which influence the organic farming and define their relationship with SDG. Method: The paper attempts to explore the factors which influence the organic farming intention among the farmers. It further explores the relationship between intention for organic farming and adoption of organic farming. The data was captured through detailed questionnaire which was captured through 347 respondents. The data analysis was performed with the help of SPSS 29 and AMOS 29 The mediating role of motivation was also explored using process Macro 4.2. Results & Discussions: The findings revealed that environment and cost influence the organic farming intention while attitude and perception had no effect on organic farming intention. Adoption of organic farming shared a positive relationship with organic farming intention The Cultivation of organic products lead to attainment of following goals No Poverty (SDG 1), zero Hunger (SDG2), Good Health and Well Being (SDG3) and Responsible Consumption and Production (SDG 12). Research Implications: The study reveals that there is a need to raise the awareness level among the farmers regarding the role of organic farming, its environmental impacts and health benefits associated with it. The findings underscore the importance of implementing additional training and awareness programs targeted at novice and less-experienced farmers. Such initiatives aim to familiarize them with diverse aspects of marketing, economics, and social factors associated with organic farming. 2025, Editora Alumni In. All rights reserved. -
Boosting Surface Coverage of CO Intermediates through Multimetallic Interface Interactions for Efficient CO2 Electrochemical Reduction
Given the inherent challenges of the CO2 electroreduction (CO2ER) reaction, solely from CO2 and H2O, it is desirable to develop selective product formation pathways. This can be achieved by designing multimetallic nanocomposites that provide optimal CO coverage, allowing for tunability in the product formation. In this work, Ag and Zn codoped-SrTiO3 (ZAST) composite immobilized carbon black (CB)-modified GCE working electrode (ZAST@CB/GCE) was developed for the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to multicarbon products. The complete reaction was carried out in a CO2-saturated aqueous system of 0.5 M KHCO3 electrolyte. A potential-dependent product selectivity was suggested based on the NMR results, wherein raising the potential value enhanced the formation of liquid products such as acetone and alcohols while suppressing competitive HER. The total Faradaic efficiency for liquid products reached an impressive 97% at a potential of ?0.6 V vs. RHE. This represents a significant advancement in acetone production pathways and valorization of CO2ER technology. 2025 American Chemical Society. -
Efficacy of digital MBCT-PD in preventing postpartum depression and enhancing work motivation: A study protocol
Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant challenge for women transitioning back to work. While preventive measures are essential, the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) in this context remains underexplored. This study will assess the efficacy of a digital MBCT program (MBCT-PD) in preventing PPD, enhancing well-being, and motivating work resumption after childbirth. Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) with repeated measures will evaluate MBCT-PD, a digitally delivered intervention designed to promote mindfulness and emotional resilience. Eighty consenting pregnant women aged 18+, between 16 and 32 weeks gestation, residing in urban India will be recruited and randomized to either the MBCT-PD group or an enhanced treatment-as-usual (TAU) control group, which includes additional prenatal wellness resources. The intervention will span eight weeks, with assessments at baseline, post-intervention (T1), and six weeks postpartum (T2). Primary outcomes are depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), well-being (Pregnancy Experience Scale-Brief), and work motivation (Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale). Secondary outcome is mindfulness level (Three Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form). Descriptive statistics, repeated measures ANOVA, and regression analyses will determine the effect of MBCT-PD on these outcomes. Expected Results: We anticipate that the MBCT-PD group will show reduced PPD symptoms, improved well-being, and greater motivation to resume work than the control group, consistent with previous findings on mindfulness-based interventions. Conclusion: The findings from this study are expected to support the efficacy of MBCT-PD as a cost-effective, scalable intervention for enhancing postpartum mental health and work reintegration, with potential applications in maternal mental health practices and policies worldwide. Trial Registration: Clinical Trial Registry of India. CTRI/2024/03/064,831 2025 -
Dual strategy for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline: Phosphorus doping and cobalt boride co-catalyst loading on g-C3N4
Despite being promising for the removal of ever-growing pharmaceutical contamination from water, the g-C3N4 photocatalyst still faces roadblocks to implementation due to its intrinsic properties, for example, the limited visible light absorption, reduced charge separation capacity, and low mobility of photo-excited electrons. Doping with non-metals and loading with the co-catalyst is an effective approach to overcome the abovementioned limitations for the g-C3N4 photocatalyst. Herein, both these strategies are integrated in cobalt-boride loaded on phosphorous-doped g-C3N4 (CoB/P-g-C3N4) by facile chemical fabrication routes. Detailed morphological, structural, chemical, and spectroscopic analyses demonstrated that phosphorus doping effectively reduces the bandgap of g-C3N4 to absorb more visible light. Uniformly distributed CoB-nanoparticles create local Schottky barriers that trap photo-generated electrons from g-C3N4 to suppress charge carrier recombination. The optimized CoB/P-g-C3N4 photocatalyst produces ~35 times higher degradation rate constant than the pristine g-C3N4 for the photocatalytic removal of tetracycline antibiotics from water under visible light irradiation. Combining these advantageous features with cost-effective and stable elements, CoB/P-g-C3N4 offers an optimal solution for tuning the intrinsic electronic structure and surface reactivity of g-C3N4, making it highly effective for various photocatalytic applications. 2025 Elsevier Ltd -
An integrated model to predict students online learning behavior in emerging economies: a hybrid SEMANN approach
Purpose: The online learning environment is a function of dynamic market forces constantly restructuring the e-learning landscapes complete ecosystemcape. This study aims to propose an e-learning framework by integrating the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to predict students Online Learning Readiness and Behaviour. Design/methodology/approach: A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 406 students through a survey. The data were analysed using two-stage structural equation modelling and artificial neural network (ANN). Findings: The studys results revealed that perceived ubiquity (PUB) positively influences perceived ease of use, usefulness and attitude. Similarly, perceived mobility significantly influences perceived ease of use and attitude. Furthermore, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and perceived usefulness significantly influence readiness to learn online, which further influences students online learning behaviour. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) values obtained from the ANN analysis indicate the models predictive solid accuracy. Originality/value: The study contributes to the existing literature by proposing an Online Learning Behaviour Model by integrating the TAM and the TPB frameworks in association with two additional constructs, PUB and Perceived Mobility. Secondly, this study proposes a unique triangulation framework of recommendations for learners, educators and policymakers. 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Catalytic potential of fluorescein under visible light irradiation: Enabling single-pot open flask synthesis of novel pyrazolyl methanesulfonamides
This groundbreaking study introduces a novel and efficient method for synthesizing a range of substituted pyrazolyl methanesulfonamides through a five-component cyclocondensation reaction. This reaction incorporates five different components, such as ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine, dimedone, benzaldehydes, substituted phenyl acetonitriles, and methyl sulfonyl chloride was made to react under visible light irradiation, with fluorescein serving as an effective catalyst and ethanol as solvent for 30 mintues. This method offers significant advantages, including simplified handling, higher yields of target products with shorter reaction times, and easier purification processes. We successfully synthesized around 15 novel pyrazolyl methanesulfonamide derivatives with high efficiency. Comprehensive spectral characterization confirmed the structural integrity and purity of these derivatives, demonstrating the robustness and versatility of this approach. Facilitated by visible light and utilizing fluorescein as a bio-friendly catalyst, this methodology is both green and sustainable. This innovative approach not only streamlines the synthesis of pyrazolyl methanesulfonamides but also holds considerable promise for advancing research and applications in fields such as medicinal chemistry and materials science. 2024 The Author(s) -
10-camphor sulfonic acid: A simple and efficient organocatalyst to access anti-SARS-COV-2 Benzoxanthene derivatives
10-Camphor sulfonic acid (10-CSA) has gained popularity as an organocatalyst due to its broad range of solubility and user-friendliness. Affordable multicomponent reactions (MCRs) for the preparation of benzoxanthenes (4a-4 h) (5a-5i) are presented in this work. Extensive investigations and records have been conducted on the diverse biological features exhibited by xanthenes and benzoxanthenones, such as their antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory capabilities.Using ?-naphthol, dimedone, and aldehydes, we demonstrate a cost-effective and environmentally friendly catalytic method. Under ideal circumstances, the 10-CSA catalyzes one-pot reaction, procuring impressive amounts of benzoanthenes (8595 %). All the synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR. A wide variety of suitable chemicals, simple work-up procedures, and solvent-free synthesis outperforms numerous existing methods for procuring biologically relevant benzoxanthene derivatives are some of the interesting features of this organocatalyzed bronsted acid process. Therefore this synthesis is industrially inevitable. Furthermore, computational studies such as molecular docking and ADMET data analysis were performed on a number of the synthesized benzoxanthene molecules. This has led to the identification of the most potent synthetic against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Additionally, to mimic how medicinal compounds interact to target proteins, computational docking and dynamics techniques were used. These studies showed that, in terms of binding affinity and other crucial traits, 4a, 4b, and 5a are potential possibilities. Overall, the current study should be of great help in the development of benzoxanthene analogs which can be potential drugs for treatment of COVID-19. 2024 Elsevier B.V.