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Endophytic bacteria Klebsiella spp. and Bacillus spp. from Alternanthera philoxeroides in Madiwala Lake exhibit additive plant growth-promoting and biocontrol activities
Background: The worldwide increase in human population and environmental damage has put immense pressure on the overall global crop production making it inadequate to feed the entire population. Therefore, the need for sustainable and environment-friendly practices to enhance agricultural productivity is a pressing priority. Endophytic bacteria with plant growth-promoting ability and biocontrol activity can strongly enhance plant growth under changing environmental biotic and abiotic conditions. Herein, we isolated halotolerant endophytic bacteria from an aquatic plant, Alternanthera philoxeroides, from the polluted waters of Madiwala Lake in Bangalore and studied their plant growth promotion (PGP) and biocontrol ability for use as bioinoculant. Results: The isolated bacterial endophytes were screened for salt tolerance ranging from 5 to 15% NaCl concentration. Klebsiella pneumoniae showed halotolerant up to 10% NaCl and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis showed up to 15%. All three strains demonstrated good PGP abilities such as aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity, phosphate solubilization, ammonia production, and nitrogen fixation. In addition, K. pneumoniae also exhibited high indoleacetic acid (IAA) production (195.66 2.51g/ml) and potassium solubilization (2.13 0.07ppm). B. amyloliquefaciens and B. subtilis showed good extracellular enzyme production against cellulase, lipase, protease, and amylase. Both the isolates showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against the tested organisms. The optimization of IAA production by K. pneumoniae was done by the response surface methodology (RSM) tool. Characterization of IAA produced by the isolate was done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. The enhanced plant growth-promoting ability of K. pneumoniae was also demonstrated using various growth parameters in a pot trial experiment using the seeds of Vigna unguiculata. Conclusion: The isolated bacterial endophytes reported in this study can be utilized as PGP promotion and biocontrol agents in agricultural applications, to enhance crop yield under salinity stress. The isolate K. pneumoniae may be used as a biofertilizer in sustainable agriculture and more work can be done to optimize the best formulations for its application as a microbial inoculant for crops. 2023, The Author(s). -
Fungal endophytic species Fusarium annulatum and Fusarium solani : Identification, molecular characterization, and study of plant growth promotion properties
Research on endophytic fungi has gained significant interest due to their potential to enhance plant growth directly by producing phytohormones, solubilizing macronutrients, fixing nitrogen, or indirectly inhibiting phytopathogens growth by producing ammonia, siderophore, hydrogen cyanide, or extracellular enzymes, thereby acting as biocontrol agents. The present study aimed to isolate fungal endophytes from Alternanthera philoxeroides and evaluate their plant growth promotion and antimicrobial activity. In total, nine fungal endophytic strains were isolated from different parts of A. philoxeroides such as leaves, roots, and stems. The results demonstrate that the strains MEFAphS1 and MEFAphR3 exhibited positive plant growth promotion properties, including phosphate solubilization, and IAA (Indoleacetic acid) production, and ammonia production. The IAA production was highest for MEFAphS1, with a concentration of 46.6351.04 g/mL, while MEFAphR3 displayed the highest ammonia production (0.9030.01 g/ mL). The phosphate solubilization index (PSI) is the maximum for MEFAphS1 (1.50.10). MEFAphS1 also exhibited antibacterial activity against Vibrio vulnificus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and V. parahaemolyticus, with the most substantial inhibition zone observed against V. vulnificus (281 mm). In contrast, MEFAphR3 showed an inhibition zone of 81.53 mm against V. parahaemolyticus. Molecular identification revealed the identity of the isolates MEFAphS1 and MEFAphR3 as Fusarium solani and F. annulatum. These results thus confirm the possible applications of the fungal endophytes as plant biofertilizers and bio-enhancers to increase crop productivity. Copyright: The Author(s). -
Impacts of imprisonment of women on the rights of their children: An Indian perspective /
International Journal of Advanced Research, Vol.3, Issue 10, pp.1297-1303, ISSN No: 2320-5407. -
Excitation mechanism of Oi lines in Herbig Ae/Be stars /
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol.857, Issue 1, pp. 1-9, ISSN No. 1538-4357. -
A Novel Georouting Potency based Optimum Spider Monkey Approach for Avoiding Congestion in Energy Efficient Mobile Ad-hoc Network
Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is one of the recent fields in wireless communication that involves a large number of wireless nodes, which could be changed arbitrarily with the ability to link or exit the system anytime. Nevertheless, network congestion and energy management is a major problem in MANET. Consequently, the infrastructure of a network changes frequently which results in data loss and communication overheads. Therefore, in this paper, a novel Georouting Potency based Optimum Spider Monkey algorithm has been proposed for energy management and network congestion. The proposed technique in MANET is implemented using Network Simulator2 platform and the proposed outcomes show that the node energy, overload, and delay are minimized by increasing the quantity of packets transmitted through the network. Moreover, the delay in routing overhead and congestion is decreased by the proposed protocol. Consequently, the energy management is enhanced based on constraints of delay, energy consumption, and routing overhead of the nodes. Thus the effectiveness of the proposed protocol is enhanced by selecting the optimal path within the network, decreasing the consumption of energy, and congestion avoidance. Sequentially, the performance of the proposed routing algorithm is compared to existing protocols in terms of end-to-end delay, throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio, energy consumption, etc. Thus the result shows that the lifetime of the nodes have been enhanced by a high 98% of throughput ratio, less 0.01% of energy consumption, and congestion avoidance using the proposed network. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
Time resolved spectroscopy of a GRS 1915 + 105 flare during its unusual low state using AstroSat
Since its disco v ery in 1992, GRS 1915 + 105 has been among the brightest sources in the X-ray sky. Ho we ver, in early 2018, it dimmed significantly and has stayed in this faint state ever since. We report on AstroSat and NuSTAR observation of GRS 1915 + 105 in its unusual low/hard state during 2019 May. We performed time-resolved spectroscopy of the X-ray flares observed in this state and found that the spectra can be fitted well using highly ionized absorption models. We further show that the spectra can also be fitted using a highly relativistic reflection dominated model, where for the lamp post geometry, the X-ray emitting source is al w ays very close to the central black hole. For both interpretations, the flare can be attributed to a change in the intrinsic flux, rather than dramatic variation in the absorption or geometry. These reflection dominated spectra are very similar to the reflection dominated spectra reported for active galactic nuclei in their low flux states. 2024 The Author(s). -
Artificial Butterfly Optimizer Based Two-Layer Convolutional Neural Network with Polarized Attention Mechanism for Human Activity Recognition
Human activity recognition (HAR) is a focal point of study in the realms of human perception and computer vision due to its widespread applicability in various contexts, such as intelligent video surveillance, ambient assisted living, HCI, HRI, IR, entertainment, and intelligent driving. With the prevalence of deep learning techniques for image classification, researchers have shifted away from the labor-intensive practice of hand-crafting in favor of these methods in HAR. However, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) face challenges such as the receptive field problem and limited sample issues that remain unsolved. This paper introduces a two-branch convolutional neural network for HAR classification, incorporating a polarized full attention method to address the aforementioned issues. The Artificial Butterfly Optimization (ABO) is employed for optimal hyper-parameter tuning. The proposed network utilizes twobranch CNNs to efficiently extract data, simplifying convolutional layers' kernel sizes to enhance network training and suitability for low-data settings. Feature extraction effectiveness is improved by implementing the one-shot assembly method. To amalgamate feature maps and provide global context, an enhanced full attention block called polarized full attention is utilized. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model in detecting human behaviors on the LoDVP Abnormal Behaviors dataset and the UCF50 dataset. Furthermore, the suggested model is adaptable to incorporate new sensor data, making it particularly valuable for real-time human activity identification applications. The Recall is 100 for the 1st dataset, 94 for the 2nd dataset, and 100 for the 3rd dataset, respectively. The F1-Score is 96.61836 for the 1st dataset, 96.90722 for the 2nd dataset, and 98.03922 for the 3rd dataset, respectively. 2024 The authors. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). All Rights Reserved. -
Efficient neighbour feedback based trusted multi authenticated node routing model for secure data transmission
The Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a network that does not have a fixed infrastruc-ture. Migratory routes and related hosts that are connected via wireless networks self-configure it. Routers and hosts are free to wander, and nodes can change the topology fast and unexpectedly. In emergencies, such as natural/human disasters, armed conflicts, and emergencies, the lowest configuration will ensure ad hoc network applicability. Due to the rapidly rising cellular service requirements and deployment demands, mobile ad-hoc networks have been established in numerous places in recent decades. These applications include topics such as environmental surveillance and others. The underlying routing protocol in a given context has a significant impact on the ad hoc network deployment power. To satisfy the needs of the service level and efficiently meet the deployment requirements, developing a practical and secure MANET routing protocol is a critical task. However, owing to the intrinsic characteristics of ad hoc networks, such as frequent topology changes, open wireless media and limited resources, developing a safe routing protocol is difficult. Therefore, it is vital to develop stable and dependable routing protocols for MANET to provide a better packet delivery relationship, fewer delays, and lower overheads. Because the stability of nodes along this trail is variable, the route discovered cannot be trusted. This paper proposes an efficient Neighbour Feedback-based Trusted Multi Authenticated Node (NFbTMAN) Routing Model. The proposed model is compared to traditional models, and the findings reveal that the proposed model is superior in terms of data security. 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. -
Data Security-Based Routing in MANETs Using Key Management Mechanism
A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is an autonomous network developed using wireless mobile nodes without the support of any kind of infrastructure. In a MANET, nodes can communicate with each other freely and dynamically. However, MANETs are prone to serious security threats that are difficult to resist using the existing security approaches. Therefore, various secure routing protocols have been developed to strengthen the security of MANETs. In this paper, a secure and energy-efficient routing protocol is proposed by using group key management. Asymmetric key cryptography is used, which involves two specialized nodes, labeled the Calculator Key (CK) and the Distribution Key (DK). These two nodes are responsible for the generation, verification, and distribution of secret keys. As a result, other nodes need not perform any kind of additional computation for building the secret keys. These nodes are selected using the energy consumption and trust values of nodes. In most of the existing routing protocols, each node is responsible for the generation and distribution of its own secret keys, which results in more energy dissemination. Moreover, if any node is compromised, security breaches should occur. When nodes other than the CK and DK are compromised, the entire networks security is not jeopardized. Extensive experiments are performed by considering the existing and the proposed protocols. Performance analyses reveal that the proposed protocol outperforms the competitive protocols. 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. -
Efficient one-pot green synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose/folic acid embedded ultrafine CeO2 nanocomposite and its superior multi-drug resistant antibacterial activity and anticancer activity
Due to the prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria and the ongoing shortage of novel antibiotics as well as the challenge of treating breast cancer, the therapeutic and clinical sectors are consistently seeking effective nanomedicines. The incorporation of metal oxide nanoparticles with biological macromolecules and an organic compound emerges as a promising strategy to enhance breast cancer treatment and antibacterial activity against drug-resistant bacteria in various biomedical applications. This study aims to synthesize a unique nanocomposite consisting of CeO2 embedded with folic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose (CFC NC) via a green precipitation method using Moringa oleifera. Various spectroscopic and microscopic analyses are utilized to decipher the physicochemical characteristics of CFC NC and active phytocompounds of Moringa oleifera. Antibacterial study against MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) demonstrated a higher activity (95.6%) for CFC NC compared to its counterparts. The impact is attributed to reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induces a strong photo-oxidative stress, leading to the destruction of bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of CFC NC are determined as 600g/mL and 1000g/mL, respectively. The anticancer activity against breast cancer cell resulted in the IC50 concentration of 10.8?g/mL and 8.2?g/mL for CeO2 and CFC NC respectively.The biocompatibility test was conducted against fibroblast cells and found 85% of the cells viable, with less toxicity. Therefore, the newly synthesized CFC NC has potential applications in healthcare and industry, enhancing human health conditions. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
Psidium guajava-mediated green synthesis of Fe-doped ZnO and Co-doped ZnO nanoparticles: a comprehensive study on characterization and biological applications
The efficacy of nanoparticles (NPs) in healthcare applications hinges on their biocidal activity and biocompatibility. This research is dedicated to green-synthesized NPs with potent biocidal properties, aiming for high inhibition rates in bacterial infections and offering a multifunctional application, including potential use in anticancer therapy, in comparison to traditional antibiotics. The present study focuses on synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs), including iron-doped ZnO (GZF) and cobalt-doped ZnO (GZC), using the green co-precipitation method involving Psidium guajava (P. guajava) leaf extract. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized NPs were analyzed using various characterization techniques. The antibacterial and anticancer activity depends on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), particle size, surface area, oxygen vacancy, Zn2+ release, and diffusion ability. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized NPs was tested against various Gram-positive (Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) bacterial strains. The zone of inhibition showed higher activity of GZC (1820mm) compared to GZF (1619mm) and GZO (1115mm) NPs. Moreover, anticancer studies against blood cancer cell line (MOLT-4) showed half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 11.3?g/mL for GZC compared to GZF and GZO NPs with 12.1?g/mL and 12.5?g/mL, respectively. Cytotoxicity assessments carried out on the fibroblast L929 cell line indicated that GZO, GZF, and GZC NPs demonstrated cell viabilities of 85.43%, 86.66%, and 88.14%, respectively. Thus, green-synthesized GZC NPs hold promise as multifunctional agents in the biomedical sector. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
The SDG conundrum in India: navigating economic development and environmental preservation
The paper explores the complex interplay between economic development and environmental sustainability in the context of Indias pursuit of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It examines the inherent contradictions and trade-offs involved, particularly in agriculture, industrialisation, and infrastructure sectors. The paper highlights how economic growth, essential for improving living standards, often conflicts with environmental objectives. The paper underscores the importance of integrating economic, environmental, and social objectives to achieve a sustainable and inclusive future for India. 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Media Framing of Indian Green Fiscal Policy: A Survey of Environmental Policies Across Online News Portals
This research undertakes a framing analysis of news coverage from five leading Indian news portals, focusing on the environmental provisions of India's fiscal budgets for 2022-23 and 2023-24. These budgets marked a significant shift, being the first to prioritize "Energy Transition and Climate Action" and "Green Growth" as central themes. The analysis uncovers a spectrum of portrayals: from highlighting government initiatives and the potential economic windfalls of green policies to critical evaluations and concerns about their real-world implications. Specifically, the Times of India, with its 27 stories, leans heavily towards business and economic perspectives. The Hindu, through its five stories, both praises the government's green initiatives and critiques certain infrastructure projects. Hindustan Times offers a balanced view in its nine stories, juxtaposing government action plans against critiques of infrastructure spending. In contrast, The Scroll and The Wire, each with three stories, delve deeper, providing incisive, critical analyses of the government's environmental commitments. The study underscores that while independent news portals present nuanced insights, their narratives often stand in the shadow of mainstream portals that echo the government's perspective. Given the escalating global importance of environmental challenges, the findings strongly advocate for media outlets to establish dedicated environmental news sections. Such focused coverage could enhance public awareness and pressurize effective governmental action in the domain of green fiscal policies. 2023 by authors, all rights reserved. -
Indias environmental policy paradox: dissecting Indias budgetary allocations for environment
This paper examines Indias environmental policies and budget allocations from 20162024, revealing a focus on infrastructure that may overshadow environmental conservation. Significant discrepancies between policy rhetoric and budgetary commitments suggest that there is a need for realignment. Advocating an environment-centric approach, the study calls for increased budgetary commitments to environmental protection, a strategic shift away from fossil fuels, and stringent regulatory oversight, all essential to ensure sustainable development in India. 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Spatio-temporal crime analysis using KDE and ARIMA models in the Indian context
In developing countries like India, crime plays a detrimental role in economic growth and prosperity. With the increase in delinquencies, law enforcement needs to deploy limited resources optimally to protect citizens. Data mining and predictive analytics provide the best options for the same. This paper examines the news feed data collected from various sources regarding crime in India and Bangalore city. The crimes are then classified on the geographic density and the crime patterns such as time of day to identify and visualize the distribution of national and regional crime such as theft, murder, alcoholism, assault, etc. In total, 68 types of crime-related dictionary keywords are classified into six classes based on the news feed data collected for one year. Kernel density estimation method is used to identify the hotspots of crime. With the help of the ARIMA model, time series prediction is performed on the data. The diversity of crime patterns is visualized in a customizable way with the help of a data mining platform. Copyright 2020, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. -
Geo-spatial crime analysis using newsfeed data in indian context
Social media is the platforms where users communicate, interact, share ideas, career interest, pictures, video, etc. Social media gives an opportunity to analyze the human behavior. Crime analysis using data from social media such as Newsfeeds, Facebook, Twitter, etc., is becoming one of the emerging areas of research for law enforcement organizations across the world. The intelligence gathered through data is used for identifying future attacks and plan for reinforcements. This article focuses on the implementation of textual data analytics by collecting the data from different newsfeeds and provides an optimized visualization. This article establishes a framework for better prediction of 16 types of crime in India and the Bangalore area by providing the coordinates of the crime area, along with the crime which might happen there. 2019, IGI Global. -
Student engagement and learning during COVID-19: an empirical analysis
COVID-19 pandemic brought along with it a widespread disruption of education system around the world. Schools, colleges and universities were shut all over the world. In order to maintain the continuity of education, educators and students alike adopted the online mode of teaching and learning. While mainstream education was mostly face-to-face; a sudden shift to the online mode of teaching and learning required teachers and students to get acquainted with the platform and tools. This study attempts to test a model to understand the impact of online education on students engagement levels in the context of higher education and the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicate that access to digital resources and teacher effectiveness has positive impact on engagement and student engagement in turn has positive impact on learning outcomes. Stress has negative impact on student learning. The paper also discusses implications of the study and future direction for research. Copyright 2022 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Breeding Potential of Crosses Derived from Parents Differing in Overall GCA Status for Productivity per se Traits and Powdery Mildew Disease Response in Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]
Background: Predicting the breeding potential of crosses in terms traits means, genetic variability and frequency of desirable transgressive segregants in early segregating generations is crucial in breeding programme. Therefore, an experiment was carried out to assess breeding potential of crosses involved parents with varying overall GCA status and contrasting responses to powdery mildew disease (PMD) in blackgram. Methods: Total of 40 F1 s developed by following Line Tester design; among, nine crosses were selected based on gca status of parents and responses to PMD. F1, F2 and F3 along with parents of six and three crosses were evaluated for 10 productivity per se traits and responses to PMD separately during kharif, 2016 and rabi, 2016-17 respectively. The traits means, absolute and standardized range, PCV and frequency of transgressive segregants in F2 and F3 were compared to assess the breeding potential of the crosses. Result: F2 and F3 generations derived from six crosses (for productivity traits) and three crosses (for PDI) were differed for means, absolute and standardized range, PCV and the frequency of transgressive segregants. This is may be due to the contribution of diverse genes from female and male parent. Though considerable number of transgressive segregants were also identified in F2 and F3 of all the crosses, high frequency of desirable transgressive segregants was observed in crosses involved parents with overall high GCA status. 2024, Agricultural Research Communication Centre. All rights reserved. -
Artistic Representation of Gender Nonconforming Female Bodies in Social Media: A Study of Select Indian Graphic Artists on Instagram
The study critically examines gender nonconforming female identities via their sex-ualized representations through artistic imagination on Instagram. Instagram representation becomes a political act where this visual subversion allows the queer to reclaim their non-binary identity and thus articulate their choices through their body. The digital graphic art taken under study is select images from the Instagram pages of Indian artists artwhoring, aorists, and sayartic. The research study examines the question of an ideal hegemonic femininity perpetuated by the rhetoric of Indian heteronormative patriarchal assertions. It analyses select images that defy hegemonic femininity and gender binary by embodying an amalgamation of masculinity and femininity and lesbian desire which forms an act of subversion. The methodology of critical discourse analysis is employed to study Instagram art and the critical frameworks of the fantasy female body, and the notion of hetero-patriarchal femininity. In conclusion, the study discusses the treatment of female gender non-conforming bodies, their appearance, lesbian desire, and body image. Such transgressive depiction of bodies successfully situates the female body beyond the dichotomy of masculinity and femininity. 2023 The Author(s). All rights reserved. -
Determinants of corporate dividend policy in India: A dynamic panel data analysis
The present study empirically examines the determinants of dividend policy of National Stock Exchange (NSE) listed firms in India, using dynamic panel data model for the sample of 95 NSE listed firms with continuous dividend payments from 2012/2013 to 2017/2018. The empirical results reveal that profitability, liquidity, leverage, risk, size of the firm and inflation are the major determinants of dividend policy of selected NSE listed firms in India. Findings deduced from empirical evidence bears testimony to the fact that profitability, liquidity, size of the firm and inflation have significant negative impact on dividend policy of the selected NSE firms covered by the study. These findings seem contradictory to the expected outcome contained in the existing literature on the Indian context. The risk variable tends to have negative and significant impact, which is line with the existing literature. Besides, the lagged dividend, investment opportunities, taxation and yield curve do not play significant role in determining the dividend policy. 2020 Allied Business Academies.