Browse Items (5511 total)
Sort by:
-
Effect of annealing and oxygen partial pressure on the RF sputtered WO3 thin films for electrochromic applications
the electrochromic thin layer of Tungsten trioxide (WO3) was RF sputtered on FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide) slide. In a reactive Ar + O2 gas environment with varying oxygen partial pressures, the deposition continued. The samples were air annealed at 400 C for 2 h after being deposited at room temperature. SEM, XRD, UVVisible spectrometer, and electrochemical analyzer characterization methods were employed to analyze the surface, structural morphology, optical, and electrochromic behaviour of the deposited material after annealing. The Optical Bandgap and Transmittance were found to be of a higher value for air annealed samples than RT deposited samples because RT deposited samples are amorphous whereas air annealed samples exhibit crystalline nature with Oxidation, reduction peak currents variation with respect to the temperature. 2021 -
Effect of background music and the cultural preference to music on adolescents task performance
There is a plethora of research assessesing the effect of background music on task performance; however, these results have largely been inconclusive and divided. Music is a powerful medium that possesses a lot of positive benefits. This paper addresses the gaps in the existing literature and attempts to explore the effect of background music on adolescents performance in a reading comprehension task. It also examines the role of culture in the said effect of performance, by assessing whether ones own culture leads to a better performance when compared to both silence and music from a different culture. To this end, an experimental study was conducted on 34 adolescents between the ages of 1314 (M = 13.50, SD = 0.50). The results indicate that a strong positive effect is achieved on task performance when background music is present, especially one that identifies with the participants cultural background. 2020, 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Effect of calcination temperature on surface morphology and photocatalytic activity in TiO2 thin films prepared by Spin Coating technique
TiO2 thin films were deposited on glass substrate using Sol-Gel derived precursor by Spin Coating technique at different calcination temperatures. Structural identity of the prepared films was con-firmed by powder X-ray diffraction measurements. Morphology of the films was monitored using Atomic force microscopy and it was observed that calcination temperature of 400 C favored TiO2 nano-fibers. Photocatalytic activity of the films was checked by observing the degradation of herbicide Atrazine in UV region and the percentage of degradation was analyzed by HPLC method. 2014 BCREC UNDIP. All rights reserved. -
Effect of Chicken Feather Hydrolysate on Growth of Spinach through Soil Amendment Method: Unraveling A Potential Liquid Biofertilizer
The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of chicken feather hydrolysate for promoting the growth of Spinacia oleracea L., a commonly consumed leafy green vegetable. An earlier isolated and identified keratinolytic bacterial species Bacillus tropicus was utilized for the preparation of chicken feather hydrolysate through submerged fermentation. Minimal media which was supplemented with chicken feather was used for the preparation of hydrolysate. The bacterial strain degraded chicken feather within 4 days of incubation after which the feather hydrolysate was collected and tested to check plant growth promoting activity through the seed germination trials and greenhouse study. Upon characterization of feather hydrolysate, it was found that the hydrolysate was a cocktail of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (NPK) as well as other micro elements needed for plant growth. Four different concentrations of feather hydrolysate were employed for both the seed germination and greenhouse study which ranged from 25% (v/v), 30% (v/v), 35% (v/v) and 40% (v/v) including a control group (CN) which was not supplemented with feather hydrolysate. The hydrolysate supplementation brought about plant growth in all the four test concentrations with 35% (v/v) giving the highest result of 14 cm and 27.6 mg/g for tested parameters like plumule length and total chlorophyll content, respectively. The same concentration supported maximum seed germination and highest radicle extension for the germination studies as well. This study investigates the efficacy of chicken feather hydrolysate in promoting spinach growth, elucidating its potential as a fertilizer. The Author(s) 2024. Open Access. -
Effect of compression ratio on performance and emission characteristics of dual spark plug ignition engine fueled with n-butanol as additive fuel
Renewable energy called normal-butanol is a possible alternative fuel for automobile vehicles like some other possible fuel such as compressed natural gas (CNG), liquid petroleum gas (LPG), ethanol, and methanol. Bio-butanol or normal-butanol is also a meritable energy source to substitute for regular fossil fuels. The normal-butanol has recently started to use as a possible substitute fuel to regular fuels for internal combustion engines to attain eco-friendly and capital benefits. As compared to regular energy sources in internal combustion engines, normal-butanol has some benefits, so it shows the potential to decrease tailpipe emission and an increase in positive network delivery. The current work carried out to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of dual spark plug ignition engine fuelled with normal-butanol as additive fuel by adopting 10:1 and 10.5:1 compression ratios. The experimental results reveal that when compared between 10:1 and 10.5:1 compression ratios, brake power (BP) is increased by 3.5 % and 3.2 % for normal-Butanol 35 (nB35) blend and energy efficiency increased by 2.72 % and 2.14 % for nB35 blend at a part and full load for 10.5:1 compression ratio. The n-butanol create a greater impact on tailpipe emissions that the carbon monoxide (CO) decreased by 32 %, 29 %, and hydrocarbon (HC) reduced by 2.38 % and 2.22 % for nB35 blend at a part and full load condition respectively. The experimental results on dual spark ignition engine using n-butanol as additive fuel by varying compression ratio reveals that n-butanol can be a suitable replacement energy source for the automobile sector in the nearest future. 2021. The Authors. Published by CBIORE. -
Effect of Computer Learning on performance in early Architecture Education
A mixed cohort of students with different experience backgrounds join the architecture degree. While some are well familiar with the user interface of computer and 3-D digital tools, others are not. The effect of such prior knowledge and their corresponding digital and analog performance in a designed experiment was evaluated with a sample of 38 first-year students. This was done to understand the performance effects of previous computer learning in students. Computer learning of the sample was studied in terms of years of computer exposure, the number of software known, and knowledge of 3D software or SketchUp. The results suggest that none of the factors contributed to the digital performance of students. This provided suggestions regarding the computer teaching emphasis which should be placed on students having less computer learning. 2022, Rajarambapu Institute Of Technology. All rights reserved. -
Effect of Copper and Cobalt Metal Complex Redox Mediator Based Xanthan Gum Gel Electrolyte Materials on Performance of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
In this study, we report the first application of (4-(tert-butyl) benzyl or 4-methyl benzyl)-substituted 2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]-imidazole coordinated copper and cobalt redox shuttles Cu [((tbb) pbi)2]+1/+2, Cu [(mbpbi)2]+1/+2, Co [((tbb) pbi)3]+2/+3 and Co [(mbpbi)3]+2/+3 based xanthan gum gel electrolytes (XGE-1, XGE-2, XGE-3 and XGE-4) in fabrication of Dye sensitized solar cells. Interestingly, XGE-1 and XGE-2 obtained higher efficiency of 4.08 and 3.04 % under 1sun illumination. Specifically, highly donor moiety 4-(tert-butyl)benzyl)-substituted (on N?H position) 2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]-imidazole ligands coordinated, Cu [((tbb) pbi)2]+1/+2 gel electrolyte achieved best performance due to its appropriate redox potential of 0.80 V versus Normal Hydrogen Electrode. This high performance also confirmed with the interfacial studies of the devices. As per the computational results, the copper redox mediators conquered lower reorganization energy and free energy about (0.11-0.20 & 0.180.27 eV) due to the effect of ligands structure. Overall, Cu [((tbb) pbi)2]+1/+2 act as redox shuttle for highly proficient DSSCs. 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Effect of Coriolis force on Rayleigh-Bard convection with internal heat generation
The objective of this paper is to analyze the influence of the Coriolis force and internal heat source on Rayleigh-Bard convection in a Boussinesquian fluid of depth d. A linear theory which is oriented towards the normal mode analysis technique is used for this mono-diffusive convection in order to find the criteria for the onset of Rayleigh-Bard convection. The eigenvalue of the said problem was obtained by the use of the Galerkin method in the cases of rigid-rigid, rigid-free, and free-free velocity boundary combinations considering the isothermal and adiabatic temperature boundaries that determine the stability of the system. The effects of various parameters, Taylor number and the internal Rayleigh number are put under consideration only for stationary convection. Treating Taylor number as a critical parameter, shown that it plays a major role in stabilization of the system in case of any particular infinitesimal disturbance. The destabilization of the system has been possible with rotation by treating internal Rayleigh numbers as a critical parameter since the increase in values of the internal Rayleigh number advances the onset of convection. Oscillatory convection seems highly improbable as the scaled frequency of oscillation remains less than 0 for all combinations of Prandtl number, internal Rayleigh number, and Taylor number. 2019, Accent Social and Welfare Society. All rights reserved. -
Effect of corporate restructuring on shareholder's value in the information technology sector /
International Review of Research in Emerging Markets and the Global Economy, Vol.1, Issue 1, pp.182-188, ISSN No: 2311-3200. -
Effect of Coupled Microstructural Characteristics of Catalyst Layer on High Temperature: Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Performance
The widespread adoption of High Temperature-Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (HT-PEMFC) in commercial applications is limited by their performance and durability compared to conventional energy sources. A key factor affecting these cells is the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode catalyst layer (CL). Optimizing the structural parameters of the cathode CL can enhance cell performance and longevity. Current research on these parameters is mostly descriptive, lacking numerical evidence to quantify their impact. This study develops a three-dimensional, non-isothermal HT-PEMFC numerical model to investigate the sensitivities of coupled structural parameters of the cathode CL, including Pt loading, CL thickness, and Pt particle diameter, at three levels. The orthogonal/Taguchi approach quantitatively assesses the impact of these parameters. The study reveals that Pt loading significantly affects cell voltage and cathode overpotential, while Pt diameter influences the homogeneity of overpotential distribution. The dominant impact of a single parameter decreases at higher current densities, necessitating careful analysis of trade-offs between different structural characteristics to maximize performance. These findings offer valuable insights for future experimental studies to enhance cell performance through adjustments to cathode catalyst characteristics. 2024 The Electrochemical Society (ECS). Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved. -
Effect of COVID-19 on ETF and index efficiency: evidence from an entropy-based analysis
We examine the informational efficiency of domestic equity ETFs vis-a-vis their underlying market indices during the COVID-19 pandemic. To do so, we employ a multiscale entropy-based methodology. Our findings indicate that the informational efficiency of all ETFs as well as the indices fall sharply during the COVID induced market crash in February-March 2020. Having said so, we find disproportionate deterioration in market efficiency of ETFs and indices pertaining to USA and Canada as compared to those of China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Interestingly, ETFs and indices pertaining to certain developed markets were found to be less efficient than their emerging market counterparts even during the pre-covid timeline. Lastly, there is a discernible difference between the efficiency of ETFs vis-a-vis their underlying indices. These findings should nudge investors to exercise caution while dealing with ETFs, for domestic ETFs do not exactly mimic the dynamics of their underlying indices. 2021, Academy of Economics and Finance. -
Effect of Ethnocentrism and Attitude Towards Foreign Brands in Purchase Decision
Ethnocentrism refers to the intense preference for domestic products or a moral obligation to buy domestic products. With an extraordinary amount and variety of foreign goods and services now being made available to the Indian market, the level of competition faced by domestic companies has tremendously increased. This forms the need for domestic marketers to understand how the ethnocentrism and attitude of consumers towards foreign brands influence their purchase decision. In order to appeal to the Indian market better, many companies have started using patriotic advertising to evoke patriotic and nationalistic emotions among consumers. One such industry that utilizes such patriotic strategies is the automobile industry. The main objective of the study is to understand the effect that ethnocentrism and attitude towards foreign brands have on consumers purchase of automobiles. To measure the same, a survey consisting of a self-administered questionnaire with a sample size of 108 was conducted. For data analysis purpose, exploratory factor analysis, CART technique and regression analysis have been used in the study. CART technique has been used to develop a model keeping ethnocentrism and attitude as the base. The results of the study show that attitude has turned out to be dominant over ethnocentrism and has a significant role to play in persuading consumers to buy cars of an Indian or a foreign brand. The findings also show that ethnocentrism influences attitude which in turn influences purchase decision. The implications of the study suggest that domestic marketers should imply patriotic advertising in their marketing initiatives and also recommend them to highlight the Made in India tag. The study also suggests foreign marketers operating in the Indian market to focus less on the country-of-origin and focus more on the technicalities of the product because attitude towards foreign brands is a major contributor towards the purchase decision. 2020 Management Development Institute. -
Effect of ethnocentrism and attitude towards foreign brands in purchase decision /
Vision, Vol.24, Issue 3, pp. 1-10 -
Effect of face sheet on the flexural and tensile characteristics in GLARE laminates
The present study is carried out to study Glass Fibre Reinforced Aluminium Laminate (GLARE) structures and to evaluate their flexural and tensile properties. The GLARE specimens were fabricated using hand layup with vacuum bag moulding process wherein the aluminium sheets and E-Glass fibre woven mats of fixed thickness are bonded together by application of epoxy resins. Three different thicknesses of aluminium alloy (0.2 mm, 0.3 mm and 0.4 mm) Al-2024 T3 are used for the purpose of the study. The aluminium sheets are stacked together by application of epoxy resin between the sheets and are cured under a compression moulding machine under constant pressure. The overall thickness of the specimen is maintained constant for 2 mm. The samples were subjected to a three-point bending and tensile test as per ASTM D790 and ASTM D3039 standards, respectively, to evaluate their mechanical properties. The results indicate that the tensile strength of the composites is maximum for the specimen with aluminium 2024 T3 face sheet with a minimum thickness of 0.2 mm; however, with the increase in the thickness, the tensile strength is found to be decreasing. 2021 Engineers Australia. -
Effect of food insecurity on the cognitive problems among elderly in India
Background: Food Insecurity (FI) is a crucial social determinant of health, independent of other socioeconomic factors, as inadequate food resources create a threat to physical and mental health especially among older person. The present study explores the associations between FI and cognitive ability among the aged population in India. Methods: To measure the cognitive functioning we have used two proxies, word recall and computational problem. Descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regression was used to understand the prevalence of word recall and computational problem by food security and some selected sociodemographic parameters. All the results were reported at 95% confidence interval. Results: We have used the data from the first wave of longitudinal ageing study of India (LASI), with a sample of 31,464 older persons 60 years and above. The study identified that 17 and 5% of the older population in India experiencing computational and word recall problem, respectively. It was found that respondents from food secure households were 14% less likely to have word recall problems [AOR:0.86, 95% CI:0.310.98], and 55% likely to have computational problems [AOR:0.45, 95% CI:0.290.70]. We also found poor cognitive functioning among those experiencing disability, severe ADL, and IADL. Further, factors such as age, education, marital status, working status, health related factors were the major contributors to the cognitive functioning in older adults. Conclusion: This study suggest that food insecurity is associated with a lower level of cognition among the elderly in India, which highlight the need of food policy and interventional strategies to address food insecurity, especially among the individuals belonging to lower wealth quintiles. Furthermore, increasing the coverage of food distribution may also help to decrease the burden of disease for the at most risk population. Also, there is a need for specific programs and policies that improve the availability of nutritious food among elderly. 2021, The Author(s). -
Effect of functionalization on the energy storage performance of super capacitors derived from wood charcoal
The electrochemical performance of wood charcoal is investigated with respect to the disorders in the system after subjecting to oxidation and exfoliation conditions. The Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge discharge curves indicate an improvement in the electrochemical behavior, resulting in a marginal increase in the specific capacitance values at higher exfoliation temperatures. The improvement is predominantly due to the change in the structural disorder in the system accompanied by the incorporation of oxygen functional groups which act as electrochemical active species. The exfoliation of wood charcoal at 160 and 200C yield a specific capacitance of 6.23 and 12.24 F/g at a current density of 0.01 A/g. The ESR values representing the overall resistance of the system are observed to be 6.07 ? for 200C as opposed to 10.41 ? of the bare material, making the material more conducting. The drastic change in the structural morphology along with the optimal amount of oxygen functional groups can be the reason for this behavior. The acquired results offer useful information for investigating the possibilities of fabricating supercapacitors with wood charcoal by tuning the defects of the system. 2024 American Institute of Chemical Engineers. -
Effect of glass and coir fiber on geotechnical properties of clayey soil
The use of fibers for the improvement of weak subgrade soils is beneficial as it not only acts as reinforcement but also, increases drainage, provides better workability, inexpensive and required in exiguous quantity. Available studies on clay soil reinforced are limited to a particular type of fiber, any comparative study on two or more types of fibers on same soil, provides a useful information on understanding suitability of specific type of fiber. This study deals with experimental characterization of clay soil reinforced with glass and coir fibers. California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) tests were performed on these fiber reinforced clay samples with different percentage of glass and coir fibers. The results of these unreinforced and reinforced soils are compared. 2019 SERSC. -
Effect of gravity modulation on linear, weakly-nonlinear and local-nonlinear stability analyses of stationary double-diffusive convection in a dielectric liquid
The paper deals with the study of effect of gravity modulation on double-diffusive convection in a dielectric liquid for the cases of rigid-rigid and free-free boundaries. Using a modified Venezian approach, expressions for the Rayleigh number and its correction are determined. FourierGalerkin expansion is employed for a weakly nonlinear stability analysis and this results in a fifth-order Lorenz system that retains the structure of the classical one in the limiting case. A local nonlinear stability analysis using the method of multiscales leads to the time-periodic GinzburgLandau equation from the time-periodic generalized Lorenz system and the numerical solution of this simpler equation helps in quantifying unsteady heat and mass transports. Influence of various non-dimensional parameters (Lewis number, solutal Rayleigh number, electrical Rayleigh number and Prandtl number), amplitude and frequency of gravity modulation on onset of convection and heat and mass transports is discussed. The study reveals that the influence of gravity modulation is to stabilize the system and enhance heat and mass transports. The results from free-free boundaries are qualitatively similar to that of rigid-rigid boundaries. Further, it is shown that in the case of free-free boundaries the heat and mass transports are less compared to those of rigid-rigid boundaries. 2020, Springer Nature B.V. -
Effect of heat treated HNT on physico-mechanical properties of epoxy nanocomposites
Halloysite Nano Tubes (HNTs) are naturally occurring Kaolite group minerals having an aluminosilicate-layer in the form of nanotubes which are known to enhance the properties of the polymer matrix composites when effectively dispersed in the epoxy matrix phase. In this regard, the present work is carried out to fabricate the composite specimens by polymer stir casting techniques and evaluate the basic properties viz., density, hardness, tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength and the microstructure using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for better morphological studies of the dispersions in the nanocomposites with a filler content of 0, 5 and 10 wt% of HNT's that are effectively treated at three temperature conditions viz., Room temperature (RT), 50 C and 70 C according to specified ASTM test methods selected after thorough investigations and review of literature. As per the experimental investigation, the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite increases by the incorporation of heat treated HNT. Further, the study revealed that the nano composite with a filler content of 10 Wt.% of HNT preheat treated at 50 C shows superior tensile and flexural strength, However the critical observation of the results reveal that the impact strength is maximum for Nano composites with a filler content of 5 Wt.% HNT pre heat treated at 70 C. The study of TEM images gives an overview of uniform dispersion of HNTs in the matrix phase owing to varying pre-treatment conditions. It is evident that the properties of the nanocomposite depends on the quantity of functional filler present and temperature of heat treatment. 2019 Elsevier Ltd