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Dual strategy for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline: Phosphorus doping and cobalt boride co-catalyst loading on g-C3N4
Despite being promising for the removal of ever-growing pharmaceutical contamination from water, the g-C3N4 photocatalyst still faces roadblocks to implementation due to its intrinsic properties, for example, the limited visible light absorption, reduced charge separation capacity, and low mobility of photo-excited electrons. Doping with non-metals and loading with the co-catalyst is an effective approach to overcome the abovementioned limitations for the g-C3N4 photocatalyst. Herein, both these strategies are integrated in cobalt-boride loaded on phosphorous-doped g-C3N4 (CoB/P-g-C3N4) by facile chemical fabrication routes. Detailed morphological, structural, chemical, and spectroscopic analyses demonstrated that phosphorus doping effectively reduces the bandgap of g-C3N4 to absorb more visible light. Uniformly distributed CoB-nanoparticles create local Schottky barriers that trap photo-generated electrons from g-C3N4 to suppress charge carrier recombination. The optimized CoB/P-g-C3N4 photocatalyst produces ~35 times higher degradation rate constant than the pristine g-C3N4 for the photocatalytic removal of tetracycline antibiotics from water under visible light irradiation. Combining these advantageous features with cost-effective and stable elements, CoB/P-g-C3N4 offers an optimal solution for tuning the intrinsic electronic structure and surface reactivity of g-C3N4, making it highly effective for various photocatalytic applications. 2025 Elsevier Ltd -
Dual-mode chemosensor for the fluorescence detection of zinc and hypochlorite on a fluorescein backbone and its cell-imaging applications
Fluorescein coupled with 3-(aminomethyl)-4,6-dimethylpyridin-2(1H)-one (FAD) was synthesized for the selective recognition of Zn2+ over other interfering metal ions in acetonitrile/aqueous buffer (1 : 1). Interestingly, there was a significant fluorescence enhancement of FAD in association with Zn2+ at 426 nm by strong chelation-induced fluorescence enhancement (CHEF) without interrupting the cyclic spirolactam ring. A binding stoichiometric ratio of 1 : 2 for the ligand FAD with metal Zn2+ was proven by a Jobs plot. However, the cyclic spirolactam ring was opened by hypochlorite (OCl?) as well as oxidative cleavage of the imine bond, which resulted in the emission enhancement of the wavelength at 520 nm. The binding constant and detection limit of FAD towards Zn2+ were determined to be 1 104 M?1 and 1.79 ?M, respectively, and the detection limit for OCl? was determined as 2.24 ?M. We introduced here a dual-mode chemosensor FAD having both the reactive functionalities for the simultaneous detection of Zn2+ and OCl? by employing a metal coordination (Zn2+) and analytes (OCl?) induced chemodosimetric approach, respectively. Furthermore, for the practical application, we studied the fluorescence imaging inside HeLa cells by using FAD, which demonstrated it can be very useful as a selective and sensitive fluorescent probe for zinc. 2022 The Royal Society of Chemistry. -
Durability and elevated temperature behaviour of geopolymer concrete developed with ground granulated blast furnace slag and sugarcane bagasse ash
In the current experimental study, the durability studies such as rapid chloride permeability, sorptivity and early and long-term effect of sulphate attack were conducted on GGBS-SCBA based geopolymer concrete. Also elevated temperature behaviour of geopolymer concrete specimen subjected to temperatures of 200?, 400?, 600? and 800? were studied to evaluate the strength, mass loss and effect on microstructures due to elevated temperature. The degradation of geopolymer concrete at elevated temperatures was observed by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. From the test findings it is observed that the geopolymer concrete developed have good durability characteristics. It is also observed that geopolymer concrete retains more than 50% of strength up to a temperature of 600?. From scanning electron microscope analysis of geopolymer concrete developed with GGBS and SCBA, it is found that there are larger crack formations and pores which are visible in the geopolymer concrete matrix when the specimens are exposed to an elevated temperature of 800? which confirms the degradation of CASH gel in the geopolymer concrete mixes developed. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Durability Studies and Stress Strain Characteristics of hooked end steel fiber reinforced ambient cured geopolymer concrete
For conventional concrete, the use of fibers has proven to improve the strength properties of the material. However, in the case of ambient cured geopolymer concrete, there are limited studies that explore the application of fibers, in particular, the use of hooked end steel fibers. Further, it is important to study the durability properties of geopolymer concrete with fibers, since it will influence the service life of the structures in practice. Therefore, in the present study, fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete was synthesized using fly ash, GGBS, hooked end steel fibers, and alkaline solution made with Na2SiO3 and NaOH. The percentage of steel fibers varied in the range of 0.5% to 2% with an increment of 0.5% by volume fraction of the binder. The precursor materials were characterized using techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Durability studies like water absorption, drying shrinkage, sulphate attack were studied. In addition, the elastic constants were determined through stress strain behaviour of geopolymer concrete in uniaxial compression. The results of the experimental study showed that the addition of hooked end steel fibers influences the strength of geopolymer concrete up to an optimal percentage, which was found to be 1%. Furthermore, in terms of durability properties, the addition of fibers exhibited better results in terms of resistance to water absorption and chemical attack, and this was validated by the microstructural studies, where the specimens with hooked end steel fibers revealed much denser hardened geopolymer matrix when compared to the mixes without fibers. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. -
Dust reverberation mapping of Z229-15
We report results of the dust reverberation mapping (DRM) on the Seyfert 1 galaxy Z229-15 at z = 0.0273. Quasi-simultaneous photometric observations for a total of 48 epochs were acquired during the period 2017 July to 2018 December in B, V, J, H and Ks bands. The calculated spectral index (?) between B and V bands for each epoch was used to correct for the accretion disc (AD) component present in the infrared light curves. The observed ? ranges between -0.99 and 1.03. Using cross-correlation function analysis we found significant time delays between the optical V and the AD corrected J, H and Ks light curves. The lags in the rest frame of the source are 12.52+10.00 -9.55 d (between V and J), 15.63+5.05 -5.11 d (between V and H) and 20.36+5.82 -5.68 d (between V and Ks). Given the large error bars, these lags are consistent with each other. However, considering the lag between V and Ks bands to represent the inner edge of the dust torus, the torus in Z229-15 lies at a distance of 0.017 pc from the central ionizing continuum. This is smaller than that expected from the radius luminosity (R-L) relationship known from DRM. Using a constant ? = 0.1 to account for theADcomponent, as is normally done in DRM, the deduced radius (0.025 pc) lies close to the expected R-L relation. However, usage of constant ? in DRM is disfavoured as the ? of the ionizing continuum changes with the flux of the source. 2021 Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. -
Dynamic Behaviour Analysis of Multi-Cell Battery Packs: A Simulation Study
In the era of IoT understanding the dynamic behavior of a Lithium-ion Battery Management System (BMS) has become gradually more important. This research investigates the dynamic behaviour of a six-cell Lithium-ion Battery Management System (BMS) through simulation. The study employs a comprehensive model encompassing key battery parameters, including cell capacity, voltage limits, temperature thresholds, and charge/discharge characteristics. Additionally, state variables such as State of Charge (SOC), State of Health, and State of Function are integrated to capture the battery's internal dynamics. The simulation incorporates a sinusoidal current profile to emulate realistic operating conditions. Notably, Coulomb counting is employed for SOC estimation, and protective measures against overvoltage, undervoltage, and overcurrent are implemented. The study also addresses balancing strategies and communication interfaces within the BMS. The results reveal nuanced interactions between voltage, temperature, SOC, and current, offering insights into the intricate behaviour of the battery system under dynamic conditions. This research not only advances our understanding of BMS functionality but also lays a crucial foundation for the evolution of battery technology and energy management systems in the IoT landscape. The Institution of Engineering & Technology 2023. -
Dynamic Channel Allocation in Wireless Personal Area Networks for Industrial IoT Applications
Industrial wireless networks gain a substantial growth in size in the global market. In the congested scenarios of the industrial IoT application instances of wireless personal area networks, it should have a medium access strategy that is efficient and works autonomously to provide a reliable channel by reducing packet collisions. Medium access protocols must consider properties of the links between devices before a node is allowed to access the shared medium. Characteristic metrics of the channel like link quality indicator, received signal strength indicator, and path loss distance have to be considered in the contention resolution process between the nodes. A fuzzy-based channel allocation algorithm is proposed with dynamic adaptation of contention window in channel access strategy of the MAC layer standard. As per the simulation results, the algorithm proposed showed better results in terms of network throughput and packet delivery rate. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Dynamic Connectedness and Volatility Spillover Effects of Indian Stock Market with International Stock Markets: An Empirical Investigation Using DCC GARCH
This study employs the DCC-GARCH model to investigate the dynamic connectedness between the Indian and significant global stock markets. Specifically, we examine daily log returns data of the National Stock Exchange (NSE) index and several international indices, including the United States, Australia, China, Germany, England, Japan, and Taiwan. Our analysis indicates a significant level of volatility spillover between the Indian stock market and the international stock market. Notably, we observe a significant positive spillover effect from the S&P 500 and FTSE 100 to the Indian stock market, suggesting contagion effects. Additionally, we find bidirectional spillover between the Indian stock market and the Nikkei 225 and Hang Seng, indicating a high level of interdependence between these markets. Our research contributes to the growing literature on the dynamic connectedness of stock markets and has important implications for policymakers and investors in emerging economies such as India. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the nature and extent of spillover effects between the Indian and international stock markets. 2023 University of Pardubice. All rights reserved. -
Dynamic job sequencing of converging-diverging conveyor system for manufacturing optimization
Some sectors, such as dairy, automobile, pharmaceutical, computer and electronics, require a range of manufacturing steps to produce a component. The goods in these industries are produced in varieties and the output volume varies from low to high. Typically, these types of businesses use a conveyor system that could have a combination of a diverging and converging conveyor system due to a variety of processing phases involved in the development of the commodity. A conceptual model of the of conveyor system is described, which works manually and to illustrate the importance of the sequence using buffer the buffer layout is modeled and compared to the manual layout. The genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal buffer storage. It can be observed that by adapting various sequencing methods there will be reduction in manufacturing time and setup cost. 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Dynamic linkage among crude oil, exchange rates and P/E ratio: The case of India /
International Journal of Pure And Applied Mathematics, Vol.119, Issue 18, pp.1-14, ISSN No: 1314-3395. -
Dynamic Load Scheduling Using Clustering for Increasing Efficiency of Warehouse Order Fulfillment Done Through Pick and Place Bots
The domain of warehouse automation has been picking up due to the vast developments in e-commerce owing to growing demand and the need to improve customer satisfaction. The one crucial component that needs to be integrated into large warehouses is automated pick and place of orders from the storage facility using automated vehicles integrated with a forklift (Pick and Place bots). Even with automation being employed, there is a lot of room for improvement with the current technology being used as the loading of the bots is inefficient and not dynamic. This paper discusses a method to dynamically allocate load between the Pick and Place BOTs in a warehouse during order fulfillment. This dynamic allocation is done using clustering,an unsupervised Machine Learning algorithm. This paper discusses using fuzzy C-means clustering to improve the efficiency of warehouse automation. The discussed algorithm improves the efficiency of order fulfillment significantly and is demonstrated in this paper using multiple simulations to see around 35% reduction in order fulfillment time and around 55% increase in efficiency. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Dynamic Offloading Technique for Latency-Sensitive Internet of Things Applications using Fog Computing
Internet of Things (IoT) has evolved as a novel paradigm that provides com-putation power to different entities connected to it. IoT offers services to multiple sectors such as home automation, industrial automation, traffic management, healthcare sector, agriculture industry etc. IoT generally relies on cloud data centers for extended analytics, processing and storage support. The cloud offers highly scalable and robust platform for IoT applications. But latency sensitive IoT applications suffer delay issues as the cloud lies in remote location. Edge/fog computing was introduced to overcome the issues faced by delay-sensitive IoT applications. These platforms lie close to the IoT network, reducing the delay and response time. The fog nodes are usually distributed in nature. The data has to be properly offloaded to available fog nodes using efficient strategies to gain benefit from the integration. Differ-ent offloading schemes are available in the literature to overcome this prob-lem This paper proposes a novel offloading approach by combining two effi-cient metaheuristic algorithms, Honey Badger Algorithm (HBA) and Fla-mingo Search Algorithm (FSA) termed as HB-FS algorithm. The HB-FS is executed in an iterative manner optimizing the objective function in each it-eration. The performance evaluation of the proposed approach is done with different existing metaheuristic algorithms and the evaluations show that the proposed work outperforms the existing algorithms in terms of latency, response time and execution time. The methodology also offers better degree of imbalance with proper load balancing under different conditions. 2023 Authors. All rights reserved. -
Dynamic optimal network reconfiguration under photovoltaic generation and electric vehicle fleet load variability using self-adaptive butterfly optimization algorithm
Currently, electrical distribution networks (EDNs) have used modern technologies to operate and serve many types of consumers such as renewable energy, energy storage systems, electric vehicles, and demand response programs. Due to the variability and unpredictability of these technologies, all these technologies have brought various challenges to the operation and control of EDNs. In this case, in order to operate effectively, it is inevitable that effective power redistribution is required in the entire network. In this paper, a multi-objective based dynamic optimal network reconfiguration (DONR) problem is formulated using power loss and voltage deviation index considering the hourly variation of load, photovoltaic (PV) power, and electric vehicle (EV) fleet load in the network. This paper introduces recently introduced meta-heuristic butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA) and it's improve variant of self-adaptive method (SABOA) for solving the DONR problem. The simulation study of IEEE 33-bus EDN under different conditions has proved the effectiveness of DONR, and its adoptability for real-time applications. In addition, by comparing different performance indicators (such as mean, standard deviation, variance, and average calculation time) of 50 independently run simulations, the efficiency of SABOA can be evaluated compared with other heuristic methods (HMs). Comparative studies show that SABOA is better than PSO, TLBO, CSA and FPA in the frequent occurrence of global optimal values. 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston 2021. -
Dynamic Pricing in Airline Industry
Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management, Vol. 7, Issue 1, pp. 15-29, ISSN No. 2249-7307 -
Dynamic response of parabolic reflector antenna subjected to shock load and base excitation considering soil-structure interaction
Parabolic reflector antenna structures are subjected to dynamic loads along with normal loads. Determining the dynamic response of the antenna structure subjected to short-duration loads such as earthquake loads and shock loads considering soil-structure interaction is very important to ensure the safety and functionality of the antenna system resting on soft soil. A 7.2m diameter parabolic reflector antenna with a 90-degree elevation orientation is considered for the study. A triangular pulse of shock load is applied to the antenna at different locations and responses are estimated to understand the coupling effect of soil and structure on frequencies, damping, and response. Transient response analysis is carried out. Earthquake analysis is also carried out as per IS 1893 part 4:2016 considering Zone V site location. The foundation soil below the antenna is considered homogeneous with shear wave velocity (Vs) of 100m/sec. A direct method of analysis considering soil-structure interaction as per ASCE 4-16 is performed. FEM software MSC NASTRAN is used for analysis. The absorbing boundary conditions are used to reflect radiation damping. The depth-wise stress variation in foundation soil is evaluated. The results of free vibration analysis, transient response analysis with fixed base and SSI are compared. 2022 the Author(s). -
Dynamic route scheduler in vehicular ad hoc network for smart crowd control
Revenue generated by tourism is positively correlated with the development of any city. In recent years, tourism is getting peak focus among the government, local bodies, and researchers. This has led to increase in initiatives to grow tourism in and across the country. Being one of the most flourishing sectors, tourism in India shows bold signals of emerging as a strong participant in the world of tourism. In addition to safeguarding its culture and deep-rooted traditional values, tourism provides a way to increase employment opportunities as well as increase the foreign exchange within the country. There are many open research problems arising in the domain, which need the attention of researchers. City traffic management is one among the major concern for cities around the world. Scheduling dynamic travel plans for tourists with crowd and traffic awareness has high scope for research. In this paper, a system is proposed which connects the vehicles to a centralized sink for getting the optimal routes. Route scheduling is done based on a prediction model. Different parameters were collected from the environment that includes crowd, traffic, and schedule of other vehicles. The system has modules like static nodes, mobile nodes, host nodes, and sink node for the control and management. Selection of path and protocol is a primary strategy to design any VANET systems. Hence, performance analysis of routing protocols for the proposed system is done as a major step in selection of protocols. Packet delivery ratio, jitter, and throughput are common measures used for the comparison of protocols. 2019, Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature. -
Dynamic strategies and evolutionary trajectories: A comprehensive review of experiential marketing in the soft drink industry
This comprehensive review explores the evolution of experiential marketing in the soft drink industry from 2005 to 2024. It uses analysis from a diverse set of 62 scholarly articles, Google books, Google Scholar, SSRN, Fig share, and various publishers such as Taylor & Francis, IGI Global, and Springer. The study traces the industry's trajectory from traditional marketing approaches to a digital-centric paradigm. The research captures pivotal moments in the development of experiential marketing strategies, emphasizing the integration of technology, sustainability, and community engagement. Key findings highlight the industry's adaptability to changing consumer preferences, the strategic use of data-driven insights, and the importance of inclusivity in crafting compelling brand narratives. The study identifies overarching trends, challenges, and opportunities that shaped the experiential marketing landscape in the soft drink industry over the past two decades. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Dynamic task distribution model for on-chip reconfigurable high speed computing system
Modern embedded systems are being modeled as Reconfigurable High Speed Computing System (RHSCS) where Reconfigurable Hardware, that is, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), and softcore processors configured on FPGA act as computing elements. As system complexity increases, efficient task distribution methodologies are essential to obtain high performance. A dynamic task distribution methodology based on Minimum Laxity First (MLF) policy (DTD-MLF) distributes the tasks of an application dynamically onto RHSCS and utilizes available RHSCS resources effectively. The DTD-MLF methodology takes the advantage of runtime design parameters of an application represented as DAG and considers the attributes of tasks in DAG and computing resources to distribute the tasks of an application onto RHSCS. In this paper, we have described the DTD-MLF model and verified its effectiveness by distributing some of real life benchmark applications onto RHSCS configured on Virtex-5 FPGA device. Some benchmark applications are represented as DAG and are distributed to the resources of RHSCS based on DTD-MLF model. The performance of the MLF based dynamic task distribution methodology is compared with static task distribution methodology. The comparison shows that the dynamic task distribution model with MLF criteria outperforms the static task distribution techniques in terms of schedule length and effective utilization of available RHSCS resources. 2015 Mahendra Vucha and Arvind Rajawat. -
Dynamic vibrational analysis on areca sheath fibre reinforced bio composites by fast fourier analysis
Natural fibre reinforced bio composites [6] are good alternative for conventional materials. Natural fibres are cheaper in cost, environmental friendly and biodegradable. In this project work the effect of varying fibre length is studied and Fast Fourier Technique is used for the analysis of dynamic frequency response. The naturally extracted areca sheath fibres are used as a reinforcement and epoxy L - 12 is used as polymer matrix. Fabrication is done by using hand lay-up method and compression molding technique at 100 - 110 bar pressure and 140 - 150C temperature. Each specimen is cured for 24 h and then test specimens were cut according to ASTM standards i.e., 150 X 150 mm in length and breadth. The dynamic frequency response of specimens with varying fibre length of 29, 27 and 25 mm and thickness 4, 3.5 and 2 mm is obtained by modal analysis. Finite Element Analysis for all specimens is carried out by ANSYS 14.5 and results are compared with the experimental values. These natural areca fibre reinforced polymer matrix composites are defined for particular applications based up on the mechanical and vibrational characteristics obtain from the experimental results. 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Dynamical analysis fractional-order financial system using efficient numerical methods
The motivation of this work is to analyse the nonlinear models and their complex nature with generalized tools associated with material and history-based properties. With the help of well-known and widely used numerical scheme, we study the stimulating behaviours of the financial system in this work. The impact of parameters on price index, rate of interest, investment demand, influence changes and investment cost with respect to saving amount, and the elasticity of commercial markets demand are discussed. The consequences of generalizing the model within the arbitrary order are derived. The existence of the solution for the considered system is presented. This study helps beginner researchers to investigate complex real-world problems and predict the corresponding consequences. 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.