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Context matters: A case study of community development approaches in tribal areas
Tribal development initiatives aim to address aspects of marginality covering educational, occupational, social and political dimensions. A review of literature on the challenges in effective tribal development discusses narrow vision, implementation strategy, the attitude of people involved in the implementation and lack of community participation as hindrances in realising the desired goals. This chapter explores the need to have a context-specific approach to realise the community development goals in tribal areas considering the cultural and economic diversity of Scheduled Tribes in India. A single embedded case study has been used to understand tribal development initiatives in the three project sites, namely Manikgarh, Maharashtra; Bastar, Chhatisgarh and Niravilpuzha, Kerala. All these projects aim at the overall development of the community either through a child-centred approach or through a self-help approach. A constructive outcome-based evaluation model has been used in analysing the developmental approach, and in-depth interviews and FGDs were conducted with the project staff. An attempt has been made to study the impact on direct beneficiaries at micro, meso and macro levels. It explores the ways in which universities could become change agents through socially responsible engagements in tribal areas. This chapter would contribute towards developing a social responsibility model for other universities to emulate. 2024 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. -
Contextual Embedding Fusion for Quick-Commerce Reviews: Rating, 5-Class Classification, and Sentiment Analysis Across Classical ML, DL, and Transformer Models
Quick-commerce platforms depend on accurate reading of customer feedback to steer pricing and service quality. We study a dataset of delivery-agent reviews, and build two rating predictors and a text-only classifier suite. On the rating regression task (1-5), we benchmark seven models (Ridge, Lasso, ElasticNet, SVR-RBF, Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, XGBoost). The best test performance is achieved by RandomForestRegressor with MAE = 0.527, RMSE = 0.973, and R2 = 0.555; cross-validation places XGBoost and Gradient Boosting close behind. For 5-class rating classification, we compare seven TF-IDF baselines (LogReg, LinearSVC, two SGD variants, RidgeClassifier, ComplementNB, XGBClassifier) and find SGD (hinge) strongest (Accuracy = 0.817, Macro-F1 = 0.389), yet mid-rating classes (2-4) remain difficult. To address label ordinality, we fine-tune DistilBERT with ordinal heads: CORAL and CORN. These achieve Accuracy = 0.837/0.819 and Macro-F1 = 0.439/0.441, improving Macro-F1 by +5-6 points over TF-IDF baselines, mainly by rescuing classes 2-4. We further map regression outputs to 5 classes via optimized cutpoints, raising Macro-F1 from 0.329 (rounding) to 0.380. Paired, fold-wise comparisons using Wilcoxon signed-rank and bootstrap 95% CIs show consistent gains; with 5 folds the discretized p = 0.0625 indicates all folds favor the better model, suggesting statistical significance with more folds. Overall, ordinal transformers and learned thresholds provide measurable, reproducible improvements for short, noisy e-commerce reviews, delivering higher fidelity on mid-range ratings while preserving high accuracy. 2025 IEEE. -
Contextual Marketing Insights from Literature Review and Implications
The proliferation of new technologies, such as personal digital assistants, or PDAs, and interactive television, amongst other things, has opened a wealth of potential for effectively targeting customers in real time while they are present in a virtual environment. This opens a lot of opportunities for businesses. Customers have access to the World Wide Web and the Internet through their wireless devices, no matter where they are or when they want to use them. Contextual marketing, often referred to as CM and commonly abbreviated as CM, is a strategy that entails providing customers with information that is both individualized and pertinent to their present position at the precise moment when customers need such information. This strategy is essential for luring in new clients and keeping the ones you already have. Clients in an economy that is already oversaturated with information demand not only knowledge, but also products and services that are relevant, personalized, and contextual at the time of purchase. The purpose of this research is to conduct a comprehensive review of the existing literature on contextual marketing in the preceding 20 years, focusing on both the global and the Indian contexts. The development and expansion of contextual marketing, as well as its contemporary consequences regarding earlier published works, are investigated. In the study, the systematic literature review approach of searching for relevant material is used. This research was carried out with the intention of conducting a comprehensive assessment of the existing literature with the purpose of ensuring that the fullest possible list of relevant studies is taken into consideration. To compile the papers comprising the systematic review, an algorithmic search strategy was utilized. An analysis of the previous research was carried out with the use of online databases such as Elsevier, Routledge, Emerald Group, Springer Nature, Sage, Directory of Open Access Journals, Semantic Scholar, Wiley, Academia, JSTOR, and Guildford Press. The study reaches its conclusion by providing a tangible theoretical foundation for contextual marketing while also outlining the ramifications that contextual marketing has in the modern digital world. Authors. -
Contextual Recommendation System: A Revolutionary Approach Using Hadoop, Spark, NLP and LLMs
This study presents a novel framework for contextual recommendations on platforms like Wikipedia, integrating Hadoop, Spark, NLP, and LLMs. Leveraging these technologies, the framework aims to enhance user experiences by delivering personalized article suggestions aligned with their current interests. Through scalable data processing, advanced NLP techniques, and LLM-powered semantic understanding, the framework offers a transformative approach to recommendation systems, promising to revolutionize knowledge exploration on digital platforms. 2024 IEEE. -
Contextualising Pedagogy: The Sociocultural Revision of Psychology Education
Pedagogical considerations play a vital role in shaping the development of individuals, especially in the context of rapid technological advancements. There is a growing understanding that the multidirectional teaching-learning process extends beyond cognitive processes to include social and cultural dimensions. In psychology education, it becomes an imminent necessity to adapt to pedagogical advances to fulfil diverse student needs and to balance between the academic and practitioner approaches. This chapter explores the importance of contextualising psychology pedagogy within specific cultural and Indigenous frameworks, presenting contextualisation as a dynamic process that requires ongoing adaptation by educators to promote inclusive and effective learning for all students. The discussion begins by outlining the need to contextualise pedagogy, exploring how learning environments are influenced by cultural, political and social factors, supported by theoretical frameworks like classical approaches of Vygotsky, and more recent ones like Melanie Walker's critical capability approach. The chapter will explore the diverse contexts that could be considered for localised, context-sensitive equity and justice-oriented pedagogies, such as the digital age, multicultural classrooms, Indigenous settings and other diverse learning environments. It will also explore challenges to contextualising pedagogy, including reconciling Western models with specific cultural values and managing the discord between standardisation and localisation. The chapter concludes with strategies for contextualising, underscoring the importance of balancing international educational standards with the realities and needs of local contexts. 2026 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Continuance Intention of ChatGPT Use by Students
ChatGPT, an AI language model, has gained significant attention for its potential to enhance educational experiences and foster interactive learning environments. The potential of student interaction via ChatGPT has engendered significant debate around educational technology. It is apparent that the current literature has yet to fully explore the role of ChatGPT in management education. Amidst the increasing integration of ChatGPT into educational contexts, the concept of continuance intention takes center stage. This research paper delves into the nuanced landscape of students continuance intention regarding the use of ChatGPT in educational settings. We ground our study in Technology Continuance Theory and Theory of Planned Behavior to examine students continuance intention to use ChatGPT. By investigating the determinants that shape this intention, we aim to provide insights that inform educators and educational technology designers in optimizing the integration of AI-driven tools like ChatGPT. This study contributes to the growing body of research at the intersection of AI and education, offering valuable implications for both theory and practice. 2024, IFIP International Federation for Information Processing. -
CONTINUANCE USAGE IN ONLINE TRAVEL PLATFORMS: THE ROLE OF RELATIONSHIP QUALITY
The Internet has become a quick significant information and shopping resource, especially for the tourism sector. With the development of secure information systems, travel plan and booking have become increasingly dependent on technology. As a result, travel platforms today have a significant impact on tourists choices and experiences. Based on the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) theory, this study examines the factors influencing consumers continuance use intention toward travel-related purchase platforms. Specifically, it aims to investigate on how platform features affect relationship quality and continuance use. Data was collected from users with prior experience using travel platforms through a structured questionnaire, employing purposive and convenience sampling methods. The analysis was conducted using AMOS software to test both direct and indirect effects. The findings reveal that informativeness and privacy & security significantly impact relationship quality but do not influence continuance use. In contrast, customer support affects continuance use but does not have a significant impact on relationship quality. Moreover, relationship quality has a mediating effect between travel platform attributes and the continued use intention. The findings provide insights for enhancing long-term user engagement on travel platforms and offer key theoretical and practical implications. This study contributes to the body of literature on online travel by enhancing the knowledge on the continued utilization of online travel websites based on relationship quality . The findings also provide platform developers and tourism stakeholders to formulate credible and user-friendly web-based travel platforms that will necessitate frequent usage and facilitate long term competitiveness. 2026, Editura Universitatii din Oradea. All rights reserved. -
Continuity and changes in food consumption pattern among Tibetan refugee community in India
The Food consumption pattern of refugee communities is being carried out by many scholars and few acknowledged the food continuity, its implications on the health of refugees in the host country. The present study highlights food continuity among Tibetan refugees in the Bylakuppe settlement, India. 200 household data were administered to understand food consumption patterns by employing a structured household questionnaire. Simultaneously, 23 individual data were collected consisting of first migrants (15) and second-generation (8) for the qualitative study. Households derive energy mainly from carbohydrates and animal fats, and there is a prevalence of food insecurity among the Tibetan community. It is a proven fact that food insecurity will have serious health consequences in terms of emotional and mental well-being and suggest the need for further study of food insecurity among Tibetan refugees across the world. 2021 -
Continuous emotion estimation for human machine interaction
Humans are able to interact and bond very efficiently with other species because every living organism has some form of emotion in them. Due to the advances in science and technology human life has become more dependent on machines for better living. The recent advances in technology enabled machines to become smarter but not efficient in terms of interaction with humans. Hence to address this issue and to bridge the gap between human machine interactions we propose a system to estimate human emotions from facial expressions. We believe that facial expressions are a form of nonverbal communication and primary means of conveying information. The system uses linear regression model to calculate emotional state of a facial expression which is mapped onto continuous 2-D coordinates with arousal and valence as axis from a captured digital image. Thus the proposed method estimates emotion continuously and predictively like humans rather than classifying the emotions because emotions are continuous and they have many dimensions. By estimating emotions continuously machines can better interact with humans. Experimental results showed that our system provides superior predictive performance. 2015 American Scientific Publishers. All rights reserved. -
CONTINUOUS FLOW TERPENE SYNTHESIS: METAL PLATE REACTOR-ENABLED DIELS-ALDER REACTIONS
This study presents an eco-friendly, high-efficiency protocol for the industrial production of terpenes using a continuous flow process with metal plate reactors. Traditional methods like batch processing for terpene production via the Diels-Alder reaction suffer from low efficiency, high waste disposal, and high costs due to stringent requirements. In the current study, the reaction parameters were optimized in a continuous flow setup, focusing on conversion, selectivity, and waste reduction to enhance economic viability. The results of optimization studies demonstrate that reaction completion is attainable at temperatures of 90C and above, under conditions of 4 bar pressure, 1.05 mole equivalents of methyl pentenone, and 0.05 mol% % catalyst loading. The usage of polar solvents was found to adversely affect reagent conversion efficiency. The protocol was validated by comparison with batch methods and demonstrated reproducibility and scalability through a 24-hour continuous process, achieving a 95% mole yield and 96% conversion under optimized conditions. Analyses of Gas chromatography, GC-MS,1 H-and13 C-NMR were used to confirm the products. The findings support the industrial potential of the protocol for sustainable terpene production, reducing polymerization and minimizing by-products. 2025, Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, c/o Dr. Pratima Sharma. All rights reserved. -
Continuum Mechanical Study of Love-Wave Propagation in Fibre-Reinforced Plate Over an Orthotropic Substrate with Interfacial Imperfection
Abstract: This paper aims to analyse the propagation of Love-type waves in a fibre-reinforced composite (FRC) over a pre-stressed orthotropic substrate. The upper fibre-reinforced layer is imperfectly bonded to the lower orthotropic half-space. The structure considered has a mechanical imperfection (MI). The purpose is to investigate the integrated effect of fibre reinforcement, initial stress, and flawed interface on the dispersion and attenuation of Love-type waves. The dispersion relation is derived analytically using the boundary condition. The phase velocity of the Love-type wave has been discussed in its typical cases: (i) in the infusion of reinforcement and absence of initial stress, (ii) in the presence of reinforcement subjected to initial stress, considering scenarios with and without the flawed coupling. The numerical computation of the analytical finding was performed and plotted using MATLAB, showing the impact of the parameters considered. It is observed that the interfacial imperfection positively influences the phase velocity of the Love-type wave in the model considered. The increase in the reinforcement parameter and the decrease in lead to attenuation in phase velocity. In engineering, fibres are considered to be oriented in two or more directions, and the study assumes only bidirectional fibres. The results highlight the combined influence of mechanical anisotropy, pre-stress, and interface quality on guided wave characteristics, offering valuable insights for the design and optimisation of layered composites, acoustic sensors, and structural health monitoring systems. Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2025. -
Continuum Mechanics Analysis of Surface Vibrations in Piezomagnetic Laminates on Manifold Substrates
Abstract: This work investigates Love-type wave transmission in a multilayered piezomagnetic (PM) and heterogeneous half-space (HHS) structure with a viscous liquid layer (VL) on top. Wave transmission behavior is investigated in both magnetically open (MO) and magnetically closed (MS) circuit boundary circumstances. The primary study focuses on the scattering behavior of phase velocity in a Love-type wave as influenced by the combination of VL, PM, and HHS. The dispersion relation for Love-type waves was calculated analytically, and phase velocity graphs were displayed and evaluated using Mathematica software. A detailed investigation was undertaken to determine the influence of important variables on phase velocity, such as material heterogeneity, piezomagnetic coupling, and viscous liquid layer thickness. The research results demonstrate the influence of VL, PM, and HHS materials on phase velocity in MO and MS conditions. Graphical comparisons reveal that piezomagnetic coupling causes significant changes in phase velocity, highlighting its role in wave propagation. The open and short circuit conditions exhibited approximately similar phase velocities, suggesting that boundary constraints had a negligible effect on wave propagation. The model only considers linear wave transmission and excludes nonlinear effects. Furthermore, the technique is predicated on idealized material properties that account for heterogeneity. The findings can be used to design and develop energy harvesters, sensors, and wave manipulation instruments using PM with viscous liquid coatings. Understanding the behaviour of surface waves, including phase velocity, is essential for efficient application in these frameworks. Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2025. -
Contradictions in conservation: Indias forest (Conservation) Amendment Bill, 2023
[No abstract available] -
Contributing Factors for Building a Flexible Supply Chain in the Digital Age: Studying Their Impact on SDGs
The rapid advancement in digital technologies has required supply chains to adapt to more flexible and resilient frameworks. This study explores the potential contributing factors to developing a flexible supply chain in the digital age and evaluates their impact on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study employs the fuzzy Delphi method and the fuzzy bestworst method to systematically identify and prioritise the potential contributing factors from a literature survey and expert insights. The fuzzy Delphi method is utilised to attain a consensus among experts on relevant contributing factors, while the fuzzy bestworst method assesses the relative importance among factors and ranks them based on their contributions to supply chain flexibility. The findings emphasise the importance of digital integration, data analytics, and agile methodologies to foster a responsive supply chain. Additionally, the study highlights the positive association between enhanced supply chain flexibility and attaining several SDGs. The study presents a comprehensive framework for supply chain flexibility, integrating supplier diversity, technology, and risk management. Furthermore, it suggests that sustainability, human capital, and risk management are key to building flexible, adaptable supply chains. The studys findings emphasise the need for investment in digital technologies, agility, and collaboration. This study provides a comprehensive framework for policymakers and business leaders, aiming to align sustainable development objectives with supply chain strategies in the digital era. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Global Institute of Flexible Systems Management 2025. -
Control of chaos and intermittent periodic motions in Rayleigh-Bard convection using a feedback controller
Control of regular convective motion, chaos and periodic motion in the Rayleigh-Bard system is studied by considering a feedback control mechanism that considers the dependence of the heating (cooling) of the two boundary plates on one another. This set up ensures that the different flow regimes (convective, chaotic and periodic) in the system have no mechanical interference and the control remains an external mechanism. The rheostatic influence of feedback control on these flows is demonstrated by investigating in detail the critical Rayleigh number in the case of regular convective motion and the Hopf-Rayleigh number in the case of chaotic motion. For mild coupling between lower and upper boundary temperatures, periodic motions are intermittently observed in an otherwise chaotic regime at times when the system arrives at a situation (fuelling zone) wherein it needs to conserve energy in order to sustain chaos at subsequent times. For strong coupling between the boundary temperatures, an interesting situation arises wherein chaos makes a delayed and brief appearance and gives way to a prolonged spell of periodic motion. Features of the classical Rayleigh-Bard system are retained but each regime makes a delayed appearance. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024. -
Control of chaos and intermittent periodic motions in Rayleigh-Bard convection using a feedback controller
Control of regular convective motion, chaos and periodic motion in the Rayleigh-Bard system is studied by considering a feedback control mechanism that considers the dependence of the heating (cooling) of the two boundary plates on one another. This set up ensures that the different flow regimes (convective, chaotic and periodic) in the system have no mechanical interference and the control remains an external mechanism. The rheostatic influence of feedback control on these flows is demonstrated by investigating in detail the critical Rayleigh number in the case of regular convective motion and the Hopf-Rayleigh number in the case of chaotic motion. For mild coupling between lower and upper boundary temperatures, periodic motions are intermittently observed in an otherwise chaotic regime at times when the system arrives at a situation (fuelling zone) wherein it needs to conserve energy in order to sustain chaos at subsequent times. For strong coupling between the boundary temperatures, an interesting situation arises wherein chaos makes a delayed and brief appearance and gives way to a prolonged spell of periodic motion. Features of the classical Rayleigh-Bard system are retained but each regime makes a delayed appearance. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024. -
Control of chaos in Darcy-Bard axisymmetric convection in a cylindrical enclosure using a uniform vertical cross-flow
The linear and weakly nonlinear stability analyses of Darcy-Bard convection of a Newtonian fluid experiencing a uniform vertical cross-flow is investigated in the paper for various aspect ratios. Making use of the Maclaurin series representation, an expression for axial eigenfunctions is obtained with the radial eigenfunction being a Bessel function of first kind. These eigenfunctions are influenced by the Peclet number, Pe, the non-dimensional number that signifies the rate of vertical cross-flow. The modified-Vadasz-Lorenz model obtained in this paper has newly defined non-dimensional parameters that capture the influence of vertical cross-flow. From the linear stability analysis, it is found that the effect of introducing vertical cross-flow is to stabilize the system. Using a weakly nonlinear stability analysis, the closed-form expression of the Hopf-Rayleigh number as a function of Pe is obtained. Furthermore, the behavior of the modified-Vadasz-Lorenz model is analyzed using the largest Lyapunov exponent and the bifurcation diagram. This gives information about the intensity of chaos and occurrence of the periodic motion. We observe that the influence of vertical cross-flow is to increase the value of the Hopf-Rayleigh number and thereby to delay the onset of chaos. Furthermore, the appearance of the first periodic point is preponed due to the vertical cross-flow. As the rate of vertical cross-flow increases, the intensity of chaos decreases, thereby indicating that the effect of introducing vertical cross-flow is to suppress chaos. 2024 Author(s). -
Control of NOx from a DI diesel engine with hot EGR and ethanol fumigation: An experimental investigation
Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are one of the major hazardous pollutants from diesel engine emission. Various control technologies exist for its control but each technique has advantages and disadvantages. At present, there is no single optimal technique that can control NOx without other side effects. Technologies available for NOx reductions either cause fuel penalty or increase other polluting emissions. Exhaust Gas Recirculation is an effective technique in controlling oxides of nitrogen in diesel engines but do not become attractive at higher loads and higher percentage of recirculated gas as combustion tends to deteriorate at higher loads leading to reduced engine thermal efficiency and increased hydrocarbon and smoke emission. Ethanol is an established alternate fuel used in diesel engine either as a blend or fumigated using a separate injector. Experiments were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine to examine the effect of EGR temperature on NOx and other emission constituents. Hot EGR gave better results up to 30% EGR rate but EGR cooling was found better in terms of NOx reductions and efficiency. It was found that NOx reductions up to 88% was possible but at the cost of about 18% loss in thermal efficiency. This inconvenience of fuel penalty caused by Exhaust Gas Recirculation can be overcome by applying ethanol fumigation. The findings of experimental results for this combined technique are presented in this paper. With this combined technique, apart from reducing the oxides of nitrogen, engine power and efficiency approaches to that of only diesel combustion condition with improvements in smoke, hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. 2013 The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. -
Controlled reaction time of TiO2 and cocktail co-sensitization for improved DSSC performance
Solar energy stands out as a promising alternative to traditional energy sources, with dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) proving to be a highly effective means of harnessing this renewable energy. However, recent studies highlight the efficacy of employing a photoanode with mixed phases of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in DSSCs. The conventional approach to preparing mixed-phase TiO2 involves a time-consuming process with high-temperature annealing. In the present work, a novel microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis of mixed-phase TiO2, which significantly reduces the preparation time has been reported. Moreover, we have enhanced device performance by co-sensitizing carbon dots (CDs) with various natural dyes and synthetic dye. The device prepared using CDs co-sensitized with Brassica oleraceavar.capitataf.rubra exhibited comparable efficiency (3.66%) with that obtained for N719-sensitized DSSC (3.85%). Further improvement in efficiency (4.81%) was obtained on sensitizing CDs with N719 dye. The comprehensive analysis of device performance using these innovative methods represents a noteworthy advancement in the realm of solar energy harvesting, with unexplored possibilities that could shape the future of sustainable energy solutions. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
Controller Area Network (CAN) Sniffing and Mobile App Based Control of Vehicular Subsystems
Modern vehicles use Controller Area Network instead of the traditional wire to wire connections for enabling simultaneous data exchange among all the electronic control units (ECUs). CAN lacks inherent security features making it susceptible to attacks like spoofing and unwanted command injections. This project makes a low budget and scalable system that helps in CAN sniffing and enabling remote control of a vehicle through a mobile application. A CAN sniffing tool is used to map the data form the car. An Arduino board, wifi shield, mcp2515 and an On-Board Diagnostics tool (OBD II) are connected in a setup in order to inject the messages into the car. The connections support both monitoring and message injection allowing users to control in vehicular functions. The proposed setup offers a tool for diagnosing, testing and vehicular controlling by highlighting cybersecurity implications in automotive networks. 2025 IEEE.