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Mathematical Modeling of Concrete Fracture Energy of Notched Specimens Using Experimental Evidence
The tensile stiffness of concrete is an important parameter for crack initiation. The microcrack initiation and propagation regulate the stressstrain behavior and the failure mode of concrete. Therefore, fundamental awareness of the fracture mechanism in terms of fracture energy is a requisite to comprehend concrete behavior. There is research consensus that fracture energy alone does not suffice to characterize the ductility/brittleness and also the size dependency of concrete. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the fracture energy and the characteristic length for a realistic assessment of the fracture behavior of concrete. Towards this objective, this study examined the fracture energy of concrete by experimentation, and the fracture energy proposed by various models in the literature. Further, the characteristic length proposed by Hillerborg which depicted both the material influence and the size effect, has been computed. Based on the RILEM50 FM recommendations, 18 specimens with varying grades of concrete and notch depths have been tested and the fracture energy parameters have been evaluated. Also, two regression models with key fracture parameters as variables for two-notch ratios, have been formulated for the concrete fracture energy. The arguments have been supported by experimental evidence. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Shiraz University 2024. -
Mathematical modeling to investigate the influence of vaccination and booster doses on the spread of Omicron
The emergence of new variants, such as Omicron, has raised concerns regarding the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 and the effectiveness of vaccination strategies. This paper proposes a mathematical model to investigate the impact of vaccination and booster doses on Omicron transmission dynamics, considering various infection compartments. The model incorporates multiple compartments representing different stages of infection, including susceptible individuals, vaccinated individuals, boosted individuals, and those infected with Omicron. The infection dynamics are captured by parameters such as vaccine efficacy, vaccination with booster received efficacy, and infection rate. Using mathematical analysis and numerical simulations, we explore how different vaccination and booster strategies affect the spread of Omicron. The normalized sensitivity analysis method of R0 is investigated to understand the importance of parameters in disease transmission. Furthermore, we assess the influence of infection compartments, such as asymptomatic and symptomatic cases, on overall transmission dynamics. 2023 Elsevier B.V. -
Mathematics as an agent of dialogue in the society
Though Mathematics is mostly considered as a subject of the intelligent, it is used by everybody for daily activities. It acts as an efficient agent of dialogue in the society. Its role in transferring abstract knowledge to concrete experience, in interpreting the unknown and as a tool for problem-solving are discussed in this paper. Mathematics also helps human beings to transcend from concrete experience to abstract knowledge. This paper showcases various elements of Mathematics over a wide spectrum, from those useful in everyday life of human beings to the discussions on potential and actual infinity. Mathematics is an integral part of human life and an essential tool in knowing the universe. We do not deliberately side with any of the schools in Mathematics or that of Philosophy. 2017 Journal of Dharma: Dharmaram Journal of Religions and Philosophies (DVK, Bangalore). -
Mathematics Self-Efficacy, Utility Value and Well-Being Among School Students in India: Mediating Role of Student Engagement
Teaching and learning mathematics has many challenges, including student engagement, attitudes and beliefs toward mathematics. Students experience stress and anxiety while learning mathematics. Mathematics is perceived as a complex subject. Student self-efficacy and a sense of utility value of mathematics topics can impact student learning and well-being. The current study aims to examine the mediating role of student engagement on the relationship between mathematics self-efficacy, utility value and well-being among students. A cross-sectional survey of 774 eighth-grade students (491 male and 283 female) from India was carried out using standardized scales to measure the study variables. The mediation analysis tested two conceptual models. The findings indicate that student engagement mediates the relationship between self-efficacy and student well-being (model 1), and student engagement mediates the relationship between utility value and student well-being (model 2). The structural equation model results indicate an acceptable fit of the tested conceptual models. The study findings call for focusing on socio-emotional aspects of mathematics learning to improve the well-being of students. 2023 Research Council on Mathematics Learning. -
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was a profound and rare Islamic scholar, writer, thinker, freedom fighter who promoted the idea of 'universal humanism'. He was well versed in poetry, art and music besides having a flair for writing. He was a multi-faceted personality with a progressive outlook. Though he had a rationalist outlook, he was very well versed in Islamic lore and history. His view of Islam did not necessarily come into conflict with territorial nationalism, Pan-Islamism and anti-imperialism. In this sense, he had interpreted Islam from a rationalist perspective. Maulana Azad had given a clarion call to the Muslims to join hands with the Hindus to achieve the common goal of ending British rule and domination in India. In fact, he considered this as the duty of the Indian Muslims, because according to him Muslims were created not for despondency but for 'hope'. As a revolutionary journalist the Maulana heralded a new era in Urdu journalism. His weekly 'Al-Hilal' grew in readership to such an extent that ultimately the British Government had to ban it. This chapter will analyse the thoughts, ideas and contribution of Maulana Azad to the freedom movement and nation-building in the post-independent India. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022. All rights reserved. -
Maximal matching cover pebbling number for variants of hypercube
An edge pebbling move is defined as the removal of two pebbles from one edge and placing one on the adjacent edge. The maximal matching cover pebbling number, fmmcp(G), of a graph G, is the minimum number of pebbles that must be placed on E(G), such that after a sequence of pebbling moves the set of edges with pebbles forms a maximal matching regardless of the initial configuration. In this paper, we find the maximal matching cover pebbling number for variants of hypercube. (2023), (SciELO-Scientific Electronic Library Online). All Rights Reserved. -
Maximised bioethanol extraction from bamboo biomass through alkali pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification by application of ANN-NSGA-II-based optimisation method
The demand for alternative fuels is growing due to the depletion of fossil fuel resources. Non-edible resources are explored as alternatives, and a bamboo is an up-and-coming option for producing ethanol. The extraction process for bioethanol from bamboo involves alkali pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, and ethanol production. The bamboo biomass is treated with alkali at high temperatures and pressure. This treatment helps break the lignin bonds that hinder the reaction between cellulose and enzymes. As a result, the pretreated biomass contains 40% less lignin than its raw form. Next, the air-dried pretreated biomass undergoes saccharification using Supercut Acid Cellulose. The saccharification process is optimised to achieve the shortest possible time, determined through prediction models based on artificial neural networks and optimisation techniques like Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II. The optimised process involves specific biomass and enzyme loading, producing reducing sugars estimated using the DNS method. Following enzymatic Saccharification, the hydrolysate is fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a type of yeast. This fermentation process yields ethanol with a 1614.26mg/kg concentration. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. -
Maximizing Bifunctionality for Overall Water Splitting by Integrating H2 Spillover and Oxygen Vacancies in CoPBO/Co3O4 Composite Catalyst
In the pursuit of utilizing renewable energy sources for green hydrogen (H2) production, alkaline water electrolysis has emerged as a key technology. To improve the reaction rates of overall water electrolysis and simplify electrode manufacturing, development of bifunctional electrocatalysts is of great relevance. Herein, CoPBO/Co3O4 is reported as a binary composite catalyst comprising amorphous (CoPBO) and crystalline (Co3O4) phases as a high-performing bifunctional electrocatalyst for alkaline water electrolysis. Owing to the peculiar properties of CoPBO and Co3O4, such as complementing Gibbs free energy values for H-adsorption (?GH) and relatively smaller difference in their work functions (??), the composite exhibits H2 spillover (HS) mechanism to facilitate the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The outcome is manifested in the form of a low HER overpotential of 65 mV (at 10 mA cm?2). Moreover, an abundant amount of surface oxygen vacancies (Ov) are observed in the same CoPBO/Co3O4 composite that facilitates oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as well, leading to a mere 270 mV OER overpotential (at 10 mA cm?2). The present work showcases the possibilities to strategically design non-noble composite catalysts that combine the advantages of HS phenomenon as well as Ov to achieve new record performances in alkaline water electrolysis. 2024 The Author(s). Small Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Maximum Decision Support Regression-Based Advance Secure Data Encrypt Transmission for Healthcare Data Sharing in the Cloud Computing
The recent growth of cloud computing has led to most companies storing their data in the cloud and sharing it efficiently with authorized users. Health care is one of the initiatives to adopt cloud computing for services. Both patients and healthcare providers need to have access to patient health information. Healthcare data must be shared and maintained more securely. While transmitting health data from sender to receiver through intermediate nodes, intruders can create falsified data at intermediate nodes. Therefore, security is a primary concern when sharing sensitive medical data. It is thus challenging to share sensitive data in the cloud because of limitations in resource availability and concerns about data privacy. Healthcare records struggle to meet the needs of security, privacy, and other regulatory constraints. To address these difficulties, this novel proposes a machine learning-based Maximum Decision Support Regression (MDSR)-based Advanced Secure Data Encrypt Transmission (ASDET) approach for efficient data communication in cloud storage. Initially, the proposed method analyzed the node's trust, energy, delay, and mobility using Node Efficiency Hit Rate (NEHR) method. Then identify the efficient route using an Efficient Spider Optimization Scheme (ESOS) for healthcare data sharing. After that, MDSR analyzes the malicious node for efficient data transmission in the cloud. The proposed Advanced Secure Data Encrypt Transmission (ASDET) algorithm is used to encrypt the data. ASDET achieved 92% in security performance. The proposed simulation result produces better performance compared with PPDT and FAHP methods. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Mayfly Algorithm for Optimal Integration of Hybrid Photovoltaic / Battery Energy Storage / D-STATCOM System for Islanding Operation
In today's power system design studies, autonomous and self-healing capabilities are becoming increasingly important. Renewable energy (RE) integration, on the other hand, is geared at long-term sustainability. In this regard, a hybrid energy system consisting of a photovoltaic (PV) source, battery energy storage (BESS), and distribution-static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM) is proposed for optimal design and integration in the electrical distribution network (EDN) when short-term islanding operational requirements are taken into account. When considering grid-connected mode, the PV system is initially optimally allocated towards loss minimization. Following that, the capacities of BESS and D-STATCOM are assessed in the context of a short-term islanding scenario. The optimization problem is tackled utilising a recent meta-heuristic mayfly optimization algorithm (MOA) in both stages. The simulations are run on an IEEE 33-bus EDN network. By having optimal PV system in grid-connected mode, it is observed that real power losses are reduced to 111.03 kW from 210.998 kW and reactive power losses are reduced to 81.684 kVAr from 143.033 kVAr. In addition, the minimum voltage in the network is raised to 0.9424 p.u. from 0.9038 p.u. On the other hand, by designing hybrid energy systems using PV, BESS, and D-STATCOM, the network is able to serve the entire load even under islanding conditions. MOA's competitiveness in solving difficult non-linear multivariable optimization problems was demonstrated in comparative research with literature publications. In addition, the proposed hybrid energy system can cope with the uncertainties and other requirements of current grids. 2022. All Rights Reserved. -
Meaning over metrics
By focusing on rankings, our current education model equates visibility with value and reputation with reality. -
Meaningfulness and Experience of Perimenopausal Women During the Pandemic in India: A Mixed-Method Study
The perimenopausal transition marks a significant phase in womens lives, and the unforeseen challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic added complexity to this already intricate period. We investigated the mediating role of satisfaction with life between meaning in life and quality of life and adaptive strategies employed by perimenopausal women during the pandemic in India. Findings showed satisfaction with life as a strong mediator between meaning in life and quality of life. Thematic analysis identified a global theme of meaning in uncertainty and organizing themes: finding solace in self and actionable insights. The study emphasizes the need for understanding the meaning-making processes and adaptive strategies employed by women navigating perimenopause in the face of unprecedented global challenges. 2024 Society for Menstrual Cycle Research. -
Measurement Model of CO-PO Attainment in Higher Education: A Simplified Approach
The educational system in most countries are moving toward Outcome-Based Education (OBE) which is a student-centric teaching and learning methodology. The basic idea behind the adoption of OBE model is that the graduates should possess a sound knowledge in their respective disciplines and also have global mobility and acceptance. The Outcome-Based Education (OBE) should be based on the vision and mission of the institution. The institutions should clearly spell out the learning objectives of the program and course. The Course Outcome (CO), Program Outcome (PO), Program Specific Outcome (PSO) and Program Educational Objectives (PEO) determine clearly what the students are expected to accomplish, post their course or program respectively. This study aims to provide the simplified approach on assessment, evaluation and calculating the attainment levels of students through COs and POs in a management program. To assess the CO attainment for management courses, the authors have identified the subject Entrepreneurship Development offered in the first semester from the 2018-2020 batch of 60 students from the MBA program of an autonomous institute. The Course Outcome (CO) and Program Outcome (PO) are mapped with the Continuous Internal Assessments (CIA) and Semester Exam End (SEE) and thus the attainment levels of each CO are measured. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
Measurement of Corporate Social Responsibility of Financial Companies in the Indian Context
Purpose: This study aimed to measure the corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities of financial companies (banks and NBFCs) in India. This paper used content analysis to quantify the CSR performance of financial companies. Financial institutions loan money to businesses utilizing assets owned by saving bank account holders, thereby heightening their societal responsibility. Methodology: Data from 63 financial companies listed on the National Stock Exchange from 20142015 to 20202021 were considered. Cronbachs alpha, descriptive statistics, and z-score test were used in this research to check the reliability and normality of the CSR scores. Findings: The results showed that private sector banks proactively participated in social activities compared to public sector banks (PSB) and non-banking financial institutions (NBFCs). Scores of CSR improved during the study period. Practical Implications: The study will allow future research because every issue and factor considered in the scale needs attention to benefit humankinds future generations. Calculated CSR scores could be used to measure the impact on the financial performance of companies. Originality: Unlike prior research on corporate social responsibility, the current work built a model to measure the CSR of financial companies. 2023, Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved. -
Measurement of financial inclusion status of India
Financial inclusion provides access to formal financial system for all members of the society. Financial inclusion leads to inclusive financial system which has several merits. Financial inclusion facilitates rational allocation of productive resources and thus can potentially reduce the cost of capital. Efforts towards financial inclusion have been undertaken in India for several years. These financial inclusion initiatives have yielded fruitful results for the people to access and use formal financial system. Further, these initiatives led to better penetration of banking system, credit penetration and savings penetration. However, financial exclusion is common phenomena in India among poor and weaker sections. This article has made an attempt to measure state of financial inclusion in India using access indicators, usage indicators and quality indicators of financial inclusion. IAEME Publication. -
Measurement of financial inclusion status of India /
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering And Technology, Vol.9, Issue 7, pp.354-364, ISSN Print: 0976-6340. ISSN Online: 0976-6359. -
Measures of superstitious beliefs: A meta-analytic review of research
Superstition is a term which is widely used across the globe but, is understood differently by people from different cultures. Superstitious beliefs are challenged by emerging scientific knowledge, and they continue to persist even among advanced societies. In recent years, superstitions are viewed as a belief in luck. The instruments that are available to assess this phenomenon are few and have insufficient psychometric properties. There is a need for developing new standardised measures which explore the complex, conceptual nature of superstitions. A meta-analysis of existing literature was done to explore the existing measures of superstitious beliefs and to examine the relationship between reliability of scales and the various attributes of scales. A literature search was conducted in relevant databases. Suitable transformation procedures for coefficient alpha were used. Meta-regression analysis was done to explore the heterogeneity of data. 41 scales measuring superstitions were analysed. Results indicate that reliability coefficients were from heterogeneous samples. Regression analysis revealed that few characteristics of scales predicted reliability. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology. -
Measuring Consumer Perception for P2P Platform: NLP Approach
The pandemic has forced lenders and borrowers to switch to alternative borrowing., investment solutions. This research explores the Google reviews of users of four P2P lending platforms in India. To understand user sentiments and emotions about P2P lending platforms. The researchers has analysed user sentiments using Vader and Liu Hu methods and defined the polarity as positive or negative sentiment. Further., Plutchik's wheel of emotions was used to relate with the emotions expressed by the users. A purposeful random sampling method was used to select only 4 out of 21 registered P2P lending platforms based on their date of incorporation. The research also defined a framework for carrying out the sentiment analysis process for this study. The overall results showed that 75.51 % of users had positive sentiments., whereas., only 19.35% of users had negative sentiments about the P2P lending platforms. As most of the reviews posted were from the borrower's., emotion of joy was seen in all 4 platforms., followed by emotions of sadness., surprise., anger., disgust., and fear. 2022 IEEE. -
Measuring Financial Inclusion in India: An Approach
In light of the COVID-19-induced financial crisis, the need for robust financial services and networks has become more apparent than ever, which necessitated the accurate measurement of the breadth of financial inclusion in India. First, the study conducted a detailed critical review of the current indices and their construction methodology. Then, we created a financial inclusion index for India by accounting for the flaws existing in the current indices. The primary contribution of this study to the existing literature is the new approach it proposed for the assignment of weights in the financial inclusion index. Based on this new financial inclusion index, the study concluded that Indias Southern states and union territories showed better financial inclusion. In contrast, the traditionally backward BIMARU states of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh, and a few of the North Eastern states of India, lagged. The study also provided a refined and inclusive definition of financial inclusion based on its new approach to index creation. 2023, Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved. -
Measuring Indian Blackbuck Antilope cervicapra (Mammalia: Cetartiodactyla: Bovidae) abundance at Basur Amruth Mahal Kaval Conservation Reserve, Chikkamagaluru, southern India
Grasslands are among the most critically endangered ecosystems in the tropics, but they are often treated as wastelands and conservation efforts are seldom directed towards these landscapes. The Blackbuck Antilope cervicapra is a large wild herbivore found in most grassland ecosystems across India. Despite their critical role in their trophic web, there are no reliable estimates of Blackbuck populations from their geographic range that takes detection probability into consideration. In this study, we conducted field surveys to estimate Blackbuck density in Basur Amruth Mahal Kaval Conservation (BAMKCR) with an area of 7.36km2 in southern India. We surveyed Blackbucks for a week in July 2014 along straight line transects between 09:00-12:00 hr and used the distance sampling approach to address the imperfect detection. A total of three transect lines of lengths 3.01km, 2.4km and 1.2km were sampled for seven temporal replicates. With an effort of 46.27km, 56 sightings of Blackbucks were recorded that was analyzed using the program DISTANCE. With a detection probability of 0.58 (0.053 SD) the estimated density of Blackbuck was 26.23 (6 SD) individuals/km2. The derived abundance estimate was 193 (c. 148-238) individuals in the study area. Our results show implications of a statistically robust design that accounts for imperfect detection. It provides an insight into a resident population of Blackbucks in a dynamic and fragile habitat. Blackbuck density estimate from this study sets the background for periodic monitoring of their populations, examination of the impacts of habitat modifications and gauge long-term viability of the grassland habitat in BAMKCR. Sagar & Antoney 2017.