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Effect of tungsten oxide thin films deposited on cerium oxide nano rods for electrochromic applications
Cerium oxide Nanorods were synthesized on Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO) coated glass substrate by hydrothermal process. Optimized Tungsten Oxide (WO3) films were coated on the top of cerium oxide (CeO2) Nanorods by a sputter deposition method. WO3 thin film was deposited at a constant substrate temperature of 300K under partial pressures of oxygen (ppo2) at 8 10?4 mbar. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), UVVisible spectrometer, and cyclic voltammetry were used to analyse the films for material, optical, surface, and electrochemical properties. The improved CeO2/WO3 films increased the cathodic peak current which is related to their high active surface area and increased H+ ions intercalation in the films. In addition, the CeO2 Nanorods/WO3 hybrid films had a better electrochemical property in terms of the diffusion coefficient of 5.53 10?8 cm2/s. These structures produce considerable coloration efficiency when compared to pure WO3 (9.88, 10.19 and, 8.14 cm2/C at 700 nm). This study predicts that how varying concentrations of cerium oxide Nano rods change WO3 electrochemical behaviour which will help to choose the right rare earth elements and concentrations for energy-efficient smart windows. 2022 -
Synthesis, characterizations, and electrochromic studies of WO3 coated CeO2 nanorod thin films for smart window applications
In this work, Cerium oxide nanorods were synthesized on Fluorine doped Tin oxide (FTO) substrate by a hydrothermal technique involving Ce(NO3)36H2O (Cerium Nitrate Hexahydrate) and CH4N2O (Urea). The DC magnetron sputtering was used to deposit a thin layer of WO3 on Cerium Oxide nanorods in the presence of argon gas at room temperature. With the prepared CeO2/WO3 thin films as the working electrode, saturated AgCl2 as the reference electrode, and platinum mesh as the counter electrode, a three-electrode electrochemical cell was developed with 0.5 M H2SO4 solution diluted in deionized (DI) water as the electrolyte. The electrochromic studies displayed a coloration efficiency of 10.14 cm2/C for 0.1 M film. SEM, UVVisible, XRD, and electrochemical analyzer were used to investigate the surface morphology, optical properties, composition, and electrochromic performance of the prepared thin films. A combination of CeO2 nanorods and WO3 coating has been proved to be a potential material for Electro Chromic Devices (ECD), because of its large charge capacity and optical transmission behavior. 2022 Elsevier B.V. -
The Illiberal turn in Indian democracy: shifting the trajectory of Indias foreign policy
Long-standing democracies such as India were not exempt from the global trend of democratic retreat. India has come under increasing international attention due to certain domestic policies such as the revocation of Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, the National Register of Citizens and Citizenship (Amendment) Act passed under the Bharatiya Janata Party government. In addition to Indias democratic decline being reflected in global democratic rankings, this has induced strains on Indias foreign relations. In its pursuit of becoming a leading power, Indias perceived democratic backsliding is likely to influence the direction of its foreign policy. To discern the impact of its perceived illiberal turn on its foreign engagement, the role of democracy in Indias foreign policy needs to be explored. While attempts have been made to understand democratic backsliding through a theoretical lens, the impact of a nations democratic status on its foreign relations and policy remains a largely unexplored area. 2023 Taylor & Francis. -
Structural investigation of higher order members of bismuth system superconductors
Structural formation of higher order Bismuth superconducting compounds Bi1.65Pb0.35Sr2Ca4Cu5Oy (2245) phase and Bi1.65Pb0.35Sr2Ca8Cu9Oy(2289) phase were investigated. The samples were synthesized by solid state reaction technique. Morphological and micro-structural features of the synthesized samples were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The XRD of both the samples revealed the presence of Bismuth - (2212)& (2223) phases of which (2223) phase was found to be the predominant. The average grain size was found to be around 65 nm. Traces of Ca2PbO4 was also noticed when the samples were synthesised at 835 C. Superconducting transition temperature (TC) of the samples measured by self-inductance method, showed a two-step transition, one around 110 K and the other around 90 Kindicating the presence of (2223)&(2212) phases respectively. But the TC value observed for (2212) phase is about 10 K more than the expected value of 80 K. There was no signature of the formation of (2245) or (2289) phases in this synthesis. -
Investigation of structural formation of starting composition 2245 in the Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system superconductors /
Journal of Solid State Physics, Vol.2014, pp.127-133, ISSN No: 2356-7643 (Print), 2314-6842 (Online). -
The asymmetric relationship between foreign direct investment, oil prices and carbon emissions: evidence from Gulf Cooperative Council economies
We investigate the asymmetric nonlinear link between foreign direct investment, oil prices, and CO2 emissions for the Gulf Cooperation Council nations, using foreign direct investment and oil price data. As foreign direct investment is positively associated with carbon emissions in the long run and oil prices have positive, significant effects on CO2 emissions, our findings support the pollution-haven hypothesis. Furthermore, these variables have an asymmetric nonlinear relationship, which corresponds to the theoretical expectations of the pollution-haven hypothesis. We also find that negative changes in foreign direct investment have positive, significant impacts on carbon emissions in the short run, implying that foreign enterprises utilize green technologies in their manufacturing processes in the short run. In the long run, however, negative changes in oil prices are positively associated with carbon emissions. These findings should help Gulf Cooperation Council economies focus on policies that encourage foreign direct investment in green rather than dirty industries in order to ensure environmental sustainability. 2022 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license. -
KMetaTagger: A Knowledge Centric Metadata Driven Hybrid Tag Recommendation Model Encompassing Machine Intelligence
The emergence of Web 3.0 has left very few tag recommendation structures compliant with its complex structure. There is a critical need for newer novel methods with improved accuracy and reduced complexity for tag recommendation, which complies with the Web 3.0 standard. In this paper, we propose KMetaTagger, a knowledge-centric metadata-driven hybrid tag recommendation framework. We consider the CISI dataset as the input, from which we identify the most informative terms by applying the Term Frequency - Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) model. Topic modeling is done by Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI). A heterogeneous information network is formalized. Apart from this, the Metadata generation quantifies the exponential aggregation of real-world knowledge and is classified using Gated recurrent units(GRU). The Color Harmony algorithm filters out the initial feasible solutions into optimal solutions. This advanced solution set is finalized into the tag space. These tags are recommended along with the document keywords. When the suggested KMetaTagger's performance is compared to that of baseline techniques and models, it is found to be far superior. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Gender diversity and organizational performance: A study of IT industries in Bangalore
Humans are considered to be different from each other with their acumen and intelligence. The working condition in IT sector has changed over the past few decades. There has been a drastic increase in the number of female employees towards the development of IT sector over the past few years. Gender diversity is creating a wide range of awareness and helps understand the importance of gender identity. IT industry which is a dominant industry in India has reckoned gender diversity as a major tool to ensure it stands on criteria of being competent and innovative in the ever changing dynamic business environment. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the relationship between acceptance of gender diversity among the employees, diversity practices and programs adopted by the IT industries and barriers to the same. Limited Liability Company Consulting Publishing Company Business Perspectives, 2017. -
Categorizing Disaster Tweets Using Learning Based Models for Emergency Crisis Management
Social media communication is essential to the crisis response aftermath of a massive tragedy. Facebook, Twitter, and other social media network platforms are effective instruments for connecting and fostering collaboration among catastrophe victims and other groups. As a result, numerous research publications on tweet analysis have been released. Tweet analysis during a crisis helps in understanding the nuances of the incident. Existing works primarily focused on tweet sentiment analysis and binary categorization of tweets into catastrophe relevant or not. Our work mainly categorizes catastrophe tweets into seven categories: Blizzard, earthquake, flood, hurricane, tornado, wildfire, and not-relevant tweets. Deep learning and machine learning methods were employed to categorize the tweets. The annotated data is subjected to classification using Support Vector Machine (SVM) utilizing Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) Vectorizer and Word2Vec Vectorizer and compares the accuracy of different kernel functions. Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) is used on the labeled data as a deep learning technique. SVM exhibited 88% accuracy compared to 87% for Bi-LSTM. Empirical evidence shows that our methodology is more productive and efficient than previous approaches. From this knowledge of the incident, emergency aid organizations may draw conclusions and act immediately. 2023 IEEE. -
Classification of Disaster Tweets using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques
Social networks provide a plethora of information for gathering extra data on people's behavior, trends, opinions, and feelings during human-affecting occurrences, such as natural catastrophes. Twitter is an inevitable communication medium during calamities. People mainly depend on Twitter to announce real-time emergencies. However, it is rarely straightforward if someone is declaring a tragedy. Sentiment analysis of disaster tweets aid in situational awareness and realizing the disaster dynamics. In our paper, we perform a sentimental analysis of disaster tweets using techniques based on machine learning and deep learning. The tweets are pre-processed before being converted into a structured form using Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods. Supervised learning techniques such as the Support Vector Machine and the Naive Bayes Classifier algorithm are used to develop the Classifier, which categorizes tweets into distinct catastrophes and selects the most appropriate algorithm. The chosen algorithm is further enriched with an emoticon detection algorithm for explicit elucidation. Our research would help disaster relief organizations and news agencies to conclude about the state of affairs and do the needful. 2022 IEEE. -
Characterization of the Forgotten Topological Index and the HyperZagreb Index for the Unicyclic Graphs
Let G be a molecular graph with V (G) and E(G) be the vertex set and edge set, respectively. Various investigations show that many degree and distance based topological indices are used to exhibit strong intrinsic connection between the molec- ular structures and the physico-chemical properties of the chemical compounds. In this paper, we focus on two degree-based topological indices, namely, the forgotten topological index and the hyper-Zagreb Index expressed as F(G) = P u2V (G) d(u)3 and HM(G) = P uv2E(G)(d(u) + d(v))2, respectively, where d(u) and d(v) are the degrees of the vertices u and v, respectively, in the graph G. We show that the unicyclic graphs can take any even positive integer except 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 26, 28, 30, 34, 36, 38, 42, 46, 50, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 70, 74, 78, 86 and 94 for the forgotten index. A comparable result for the hyper-Zagreb index is also presented. 2020 University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science. All rights reserved. -
QSPR analysis of certain degree and eccentricity based topological indices and butane derivatives
Butane derivatives are chemical compounds formally derived from Butane C4H10 by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms with other atoms or functional groups. In this paper, we do the QSPR analysis of few Butane derivatives with respect to some selected degree based topological indices and one eccentricity based topological index. In QSPR studies, topological indices are extensively used in determining specific bioactivity of chemical compounds. Our study showcases some important results on the correlation between Heavy atomic count, Complexity, Density, Surface tension and Index of refraction of Butane derivatives with the selected topological indices which further helps in characterizing the predicting power of these topological indices. RAS?YAN. All rights reserved. -
The QSPR study of butane derivatives: (A mathematical approach)
The QSPR analysis provides a significant structural insight into the physiochemical properties of butane derivatives. We study some physiochemical properties of fourteen butane derivatives and develop a QSPR model using four topological indices and butane derivatives. Here we analyze how closely the topological indices are related to the physiochemical properties of butane derivatives. For this we compute analytically the topological indices of butane derivatives and plot the graphs between each of these topological indices to the properties of butane derivatives using Origin. This QSPR model exhibits a close correlation between Heavy atomic count, Complexity, Hydrogen bond acceptor count, and Surface tension of butane derivatives with the Redefined first Zagreb index, the Redefined third Zagreb index, the Sum connectivity index and the Reformulated first Zagreb index, respectively. 2018 Oriental Scientific Publishing Company. All Rights Reserved. -
Extremal Trees oftheReformulated andtheEntire Zagreb Indices
The first reformulated Zagreb index of trees can take any even positive integer greater than 8, whereas the second reformulated Zagreb index of trees can take all positive integers greater than 47 with a few exceptional values less than 8 and 47, respectively. The entire Zagreb index is defined in terms of edge degrees and incorporates the idea of intermolecular forces between atoms along with atoms and bonds. This intricate significance of studying the entire Zagreb index led to the generalization of the first entire Zagreb index of trees. The inverse problem on the first entire Zagreb of trees gives the existence of a tree for any even positive integer greater than 46. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2024. -
Sustainable Assessment of Advanced Machine Intelligence in Clinical Safety
There is growing acknowledgment that artificial intelligence (AI) is being used to evaluate complex and vast volumes of data, producing findings without human input, in a variety of healthcare contexts, including image analysis, bioinformatics and genomics. Although this technology can offer opportunities in the diagnostic and therapeutic process, various safety-related difficulties and traps can still exist. To shed light on these opportunities and challenges, this article addresses the use of AI in healthcare and its security consequences. To deliver safer technology through AI, this research explores the cost implications of all potential technological systems, while design safety, failure safety, procedural security, and safety margins are the primary methods for identifying risks & uncertainties. Additionally, the suggestion involves the identification and distribution of explicit instructions and procedures to all relevant parties, aiming to facilitate the creation and implementation of safer Al applications within healthcare settings. 2023 IEEE. -
Augmented Reality based Navigation for Indoor Environment using Unity Platform
This paper proposes an augmented reality (AR) navigation system developed for indoor environment. The proposed navigation system is developed using Unity platform which is usually used for developing gaming applications. The proposed navigation system without the aid of Global Positioning System (GPS) tracks users position and orientation accurately by making use of computer vision and image processing techniques. The user can navigate to the desired location using its user friendly and intuitive interface. The proposed system can be extended further to provide indoor navigational guidance within lager buildings such as malls, airports, universities and medical facilities. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
Complete analysis of differential cross section in 7 Li + ? ? ? 6 Li + n at astrophysical energies
We have carried out complete analysis of differential cross section in 7 Li + ? ? 6 Li + n using model-independent theoretical formalism. A complete analysis of the reaction involves measurements of not only one state of linear polarization of the photon but also another state of linear polarization inclined to the first at 45? and two states of circular polarization of the photon. An analytical study of the differential cross section including all the photon polarization states is carried out at near-threshold energies of interest to Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. 2024 IOP Publishing Ltd -
Lithium photodisintegration with linearly polarized photons at astrophysical energies
We present here a model-independent theoretical discussion of differential cross-sections in photodisintegration of lithium with unpolarized and linearly polarized photons. In recent years, experimental measurements are being carried out on the photodisintegration of lithium in the reaction channel 7Li(?, n)6Li to study the angular dependence of cross-section. In this regard, we have studied the spin structure of amplitudes in 7Li(?, n)6Li by expressing the differential cross-section in terms of Legendre polynomials. 2023 Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. -
7Li Photodisintegration withCircularly Polarized Photons
The study of photodisintegration of 7Li is of importance to Nuclear Physics, Particle Physics and Astrophysics. Primordial abundances of light elements such as D, 3He, 4He and 7Li are predicted by Big Bang theory of early universe and is of great interest to cosmologists. Lithium, being fragile gets destroyed easily at relatively low temperatures. WMAP measurements have inferred that 7Li abundance is two to three times more than that inferred by the low metallicity halo stars [1]. In recent years based on lithium isotopes series of experimental measurements are being carried out using High-Intensity Gamma-Ray Source (HIGS) at Duke Free Electron Laser Laboratory. Experiments [2, 3] were carried out, to measure the differential cross-section of the photoneutron reaction channel in photodisintegration of 7Li, where the progeny nuclei is in the ground state as well as in excited states. Theoretical study on photodisintegration of deuteron was carried out using a model-independent formalism [47] and in these studies, it was shown clearly that there could be 3 different E1? amplitudes leading to final relative n-p state. Subsequently, evidence for the existence of these three amplitudes was found in experimental studies [6] at slightly higher energies in different contexts. Using the same approach, model-independent formalism was developed for photodisintegration of 7Li [8] and an analysis was carried out to study the differential cross section with linearly polarized photons. Extending this study we propose to discuss the reaction channel 7Li+??6Li+n with initially circularly polarized photons. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.