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Cardiovascular Disease Prediction Using Machine Learning-Random Forest Technique
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a significant global health challenge. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. This research focuses on developing a robust classification system for CVDs using machine learning techniques. This study proposes an enhanced Random Forest (RF) model optimized for big data environments and explore the potential of CNN-based classification. By leveraging medical imaging data and employing these advanced algorithms, we aim to improve the accuracy and efficiency of CVD diagnosis. 2024 IEEE. -
Revolutionising Tumour Diagnosis: How Clinical Application of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Enhances Accuracy and Efficiency
This research paper examines the transformative influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) on tumour diagnosis within clinical settings. The advent of AI and ML technologies has revolutionised the field of oncology, offering the unprecedented potential for more accurate, timely, and personalised cancer detection. By leveraging vast datasets of medical images, genomic information, and patient records, these intelligent systems enable the early identification of tumours, classification of cancer types, and prediction of patient outcomes with remarkable precision. This paper delves into the mechanisms through which AI and ML algorithms analyse complex data, highlighting their ability to detect subtle patterns and anomalies that may escape human perception. Moreover, we examine the successful integration of these technologies into clinical workflows, their potential to reduce diagnostic errors, and the implications for patient care and outcomes. As AI and ML continue to emerge, the synergy between technology and clinical expertise promises to enhance tumour diagnosis, ultimately contributing to more effective and personalised cancer treatments. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
Improving Image Clarity with Artificial Intelligence-Powered Super-Resolution Methods
Super-resolution has advanced significantly in the last 20years, particularly with the application of deep learning methods. One of the most important image processing methods for boosting an image's resolution in computer vision is image super-resolution besides providing an extensive overview of the most recent developments in artificial intelligence and deep learning for single-image super-resolution. This study delves into the subject of image enhancement by investigating sophisticated AI-based super-resolution techniques. High-quality photographs have become more and more in demand in a variety of industries recently, including medical imaging, satellite imaging, entertainment, and surveillance. Pixilation reduction and detail preservation are two areas where traditional image enhancing techniques fall short. Artificial intelligence has demonstrated amazing promise in addressing these issues, especially with regard to Deep Learning models. The applications, benefits, and difficulties of modern super-resolution techniques are thoroughly examined in this work. We also suggest new approaches and push the limits of image enhancement by experimenting with state-of-the-art artificial intelligence algorithms. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
Gut-Skin Axis: Role in Health and Disease
The human microbiome includes microorganisms and their cumulative genetic details that reside in the human body. Skin, the bodys most external organ and exposed to the external environment, is an ecosystem with 1.8 m2 area. It has a varying epidermal thickness, folds, and appendages in different areas including along with varying moisture and temperature level on the skin surface. Microbial colonization on the skin surface starts from the time of birth. The mode of delivery affects the colonization process to a considerable extent. The group of microbes colonizing the skin surface is determined by physical and chemical features of it, which applies to microbes inhabiting the gut and other ecological niches in the body as well. There is several common important characteristics shared commonly by gut and skin, where both are (1) heavily vascularized, (2) richly perfused, (3) densely innervated, (4) integrated to the immune system, (5) highly associated with the endocrine system, (6) extensively colonized with recognizable microbiota, and (7) both helps our body to communicate with its external environment. It has variously been reported that a close and bidirectional association within the gut and skin in maintaining the homeostasis and allostasis of skin and also gastrointestinal (GI) health. Therefore, numerous intestinal pathologies have been linked to skin comorbidities. It has been found that skin is directly impacted by the various circumstances that principally affect the intestine. Similarly, various gastrointestinal disorders could be linked to distinct dermatological entities. In the same context, a growing body of proof proposes an association of intestinal dysbiosis with many regular inflammatory skin pathologies including atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis, rosacea, and acne vulgaris. And the realization of this interconnected association between skin and gut has resulted in a new concept of the Gut-Skin Axis. An intimate bidirectional engagement between the gut and the skin has been well established by growing research evidence in this domain. Recent reports have indicated that the administration of specific Lactobacilli strains to mice can significantly alter the overall skin phenotype. Despite increasing research efforts in this domain, a systematic investigation of the Gut-Skin Axis remains ill explored by both gastroenterology as well as dermatology researchers. And in this context, here we are discussing various aspects of the Gut-Skin Axis and its role in the general well-being of individuals. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022. -
Artemisinin: A potent antimalarial drug
Artemisinin is known to be a potent antimalarial drug which is naturally obtained from the plant Artemisia annua L. Malaria is a global health problem with nearly 1.2 billion people at high risk. In 2001, WHO recognised artemisinin based combination therapies (ACTs), as the frontline drugs to fight against malaria and therefore, artemisinin is the most effective anti-malarial drug. It appears to be a safe drug with no adverse reactions or noticeable side effects, even for pregnant women. However, access to ACTs by malarial patients, especially in poor countries, is inadequate due to high volatility in price, unpredictable demand and low yield from A. annua. The huge gap in demand and supply has motivated researchers to explore artemisinin production in alternative systems like bacteria, yeast and tobacco. Scientists have been successful in producing this wonder molecule in heterologous hosts. Challenges associated with large-scale production and drug resistance against artemisinin has also been discussed to present a comprehensive picture of artemisnin production, application and limitations. 2019 Scrivener Publishing LLC. All rights reserved. -
Saccharomyces - eukaryotic probiotic for human applications
Probiotics are viable microorganisms which are meant to confer health benefits to host after ingestion. Any probiotic strain has a special characteristic to survive in the extremely acidic and hostile conditions of stomach and intestine. Among all the commercially available probiotic strains, prokaryotes constitute the bulk of it, with quite a few belonging to eukaryotic yeasts. Eukaryotic probiotics are very limited and currently there are only two yeast strains (Saccharomyces boulardii and Kluyveromyces sp.), which are approved for human consumption and are available commercially in market. S. boulardii has been reported to have tremendous therapeutic potential. The main mechanism of action for S. boulardii includes strong antagonistic effect against a number of enteric pathogens, trophic effects on the intestinal mucosa, neutralisation of bacterial toxins as well as modification of host cell signaling pathways involved in inflammatory and non-inflammatory intestinal disease. Pertaining to these advantages, S. boulardii have been reported to be exceptionally effective against diarrheal diseases and intestinal inflammatory conditions including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Increasing scientific reports confirming the therapeutic potential of eukaryotic probiotics and their advantages over prokaryotic probiotic strains have dramatically increased the worldwide interest in these probiotics. 2019 Scrivener Publishing LLC. -
Gut Microbiota and Cancer Correlates
The human microbiota is a concoction of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and other microorganisms. It is necessary to maintain a partnership between the host and the microbiota in order to maintain the different aspects of human physiology, such as nutrient absorption, immune function and metabolism. The microbiota can contribute to both progression and suppression of the disease, including cancer. A disturbance in this interspecies balance called microbiome dysbiosis becomes a reason for the host to be more prone to issues such as immunodeficiency and cancer. Gut microbiota could potentially influence the factors that govern cancer susceptibility and progression through mechanisms such as immunomodulation, by producing metabolites, such as, bacteriocins, antimicrobial peptides involved in tumor suppression, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and through enzymatic degradation. It is now an established fact that the host physiology as well as risk of diseases such as cancer could be greatly modulated by these commensal microbes and the regulation of cancer development, progression as well as response to anticancer therapy is greatly dependent on the host microbiota. Therefore, it is being envisaged that by the involvement of microbiome in augmenting antitumor responses to therapeutic approaches, potentially a new era of research with potentially broad implication on cancer treatment could be established. Better cancer treatment responsiveness can be achieved by understanding the role of the tumor microbiome in shaping the tumor microenvironment. This will help us to develop personalized anticancer solution with the goal to discover a bacterial species or a combination of species that decreases systemic toxicity and helps in anticancer therapy. This chapter is written in same context, which focuses on the association of the gut microbiome with the suppression and progression of cancers, the role of the immune system in this interaction, the utilization of these organisms for the treatment of cancers, and future perspectives. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021, corrected publication 2021. -
Emotional intelligence, job satisfaction and psychological well-being among nurses in a tertiary care hospital
Background: Emotional intelligence helps in preservation of mental health because of their effective emotional regulation skills. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the impact of emotional intelligence on nurses job satisfaction and psychological well-being. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital and included 120 nurses. Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, Psychological General Well-being scale and Job Satisfaction Survey questionnaires were used. Results: The study showed a low positive correlation between emotional intelligence and psychological wellbeing (r=0.313) and a low correlation between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction (r= 0.122). The emotional intelligence was significantly correlated to their psychological well-being (9.8%). Conclusion: Nurses with higher emotional intelligence experience greater psychological well-being. We did not find a link between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction. Implementing interventions to enhance emotional intelligence in nurses is crucial for improving psychological well-being and reducing burnout risk. The Author(s). 2024. -
Green by Design AI in Fashion Retail and the Rise of the Conscious Consumer
The fashion industry stands at a transformative crossroads, where artificial intelligence (AI) and sustainable values reshape consumer behavior and retail strategies. Green by Design: AI in Fashion Retail and the Rise of the Conscious Consumer investigates how AI-driven personalization, product recommendations, and algorithmic nudging can foster environmentally responsible choices while navigating the ethical limits of automated influence. This volume presents theoretical and empirical contributions that examine social trust as a critical mediating factor in the relationship between AI technologies and sustainable consumer decisions. Trust-both in technology and in the ethical intent of fashion brands emerges as a determinant of consumer receptivity to AI-guided sustainable behavior. Through interdisciplinary analysis that spans marketing, data ethics, psychology, and digital retail, the book explores how perceived transparency, fairness, and inclusivity in AI systems influence the formation of social trust and, in turn, amplify or constrain sustainable consumption. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Agriculture as a means of alleviating rural poverty: Pursuant to the sustainable development goal-1
Poverty is one of the worst problems prevailing in the world. The poorest in the world are often without food, have little or no access to education, basic amenities of life, and lack health facilities. Eradication of Global Poverty eradication is a herculean and complex task. The origination of 2030 Agenda to eradicate poverty was done after the successful completion of the anti-poverty Millennium Development Goal, but still, a vast number of people were living in poverty and a great number among them were living in extreme poverty. So, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development called for the eradication of poverty in all poverty in forms from every corner of the world by almost half. In backward and developing nations, poverty is more rampant in rural areas. The economies of most of these nations are predominantly based on Agriculture and therefore progress in agriculture is viewed as a potent tool to eradicate rural poverty. However, there are serious issues that are required to be addressed in this regard. This chapter explores some vital issues related to agriculture which require the attention of the policymakers, to achieve the objective of reducing rural poverty through advancement in agriculture. 2023 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. -
Credit Card Fraud Detection with ADASYN Oversampling and SHAP-based Interpretability: A Comparative Ensemble Approach
Credit card fraud continues to be a significant threat to financial systems, exacerbated by the highly imbalanced nature of transaction datasets and the opaque decision-making of complex machine learning models. This paper proposes a hybrid fraud detection framework that integrates Adaptive Synthetic (ADASYN) oversampling to address class imbalance and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) to enhance model interpretability. Five machine learning classifiers Logistic Regression, Random Forest, XGBoost, LightGBM, and Multilayer Perceptron - are evaluated on the widely used Kaggle credit card fraud dataset. ADASYN significantly improves the minority class representation in the training set, enabling models to achieve higher fraud recall without overwhelming false positives. Among the models tested, Random Forest delivered the best trade-off between precision (85.7%) and recall (79.6%), achieving an F1-score of 82.5% and ROC-AUC of 0.9633. SHAP analysis provided granular insight into feature contributions, transforming black-box predictions into transparent and auditable decisions. Comparative analysis with eight state-of-the-art studies demonstrates that while recent approaches often report near-perfect results, the proposed model strikes a balance between predictive performance, computational efficiency, and interpretability qualities essential for practical deployment in financial fraud detection systems based on benchmark transactional data. The study highlights that integrating ADASYN with ensemble learning and SHAP can create a robust, explainable, and scalable fraud detection system suitable for deployment in dynamic financial environments. 2025 IEEE. -
Mushroom Farming and Rural Youth: Analyzing a Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
We examine mushroom farming as an alternative livelihood for rural youth, utilizing the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) to assess its impact on economic resilience and rural development. A qualitative study was conducted in Uttarakhand, India, involving 20 participants aged 1835 who were engaged in mushroom cultivation. Data from semi-structured interviews were analyzed thematically, revealing that rural youth are motivated by their hopes for financial independence and a growing interest in sustainable agriculture. Mushroom farming enhances human capital through skill development, cultivation, and business management, which in turn boosts self-esteem. The income they earn provides financial capital to support their families and reinvestment in their businesses. In addition to empowering marginalized groups, mushroom farming bolsters all five capitals of the SLF: human capital through skills and education; financial capital through income generation; natural capital via the use of agricultural waste and biological resources; physical capital through infrastructure and tools; and social capital through peer networks and community support. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025. -
A qualitative exploration of mental health experiences among IBDP students
The burgeoning concern surrounding mental health has become a prevailing issue. Considering the education sector, cut-throat competition among students has led them to experience concerns with their mental health. Although ample research exists on mental health awareness, escalating academic competition has impacted the holistic well-being of students. Research elucidates that the education sector beckons urgent attention to address the emerging mental health needs of the high school students. Thus, this study aims to probe the specific mental health requirements of students enrolled in the International Baccalaureate Diploma Program (IBDP) in Jaipur, Rajasthan. Conducted using a qualitative research paradigm, this study entailed in-depth interviews of 25 IBDP students. Subsequently, a thematic content analysis was deployed to interpret the emerging themes from the data gathered. The findings illustrated numerous themes such as mental health concerns, self-management, professional development, and other related themes discussed in the paper. This research seeks to enhance the awareness of the IBDP community regarding the mental health challenges experienced by the students. Additionally, it serves as an essential resource for educators, parents and students themselves, empowering them to acknowledge and address these challenges effectively. Furthermore, the results from this study can be utilized to develop a mental health framework tailor made to the needs of IBDP students. The Author(s) 2026. -
Indias credit growth and asset prices movements; Does the global financial cycle have a moderating role to play?; [Evoluci del crecimiento del crito y de los precios de los activos en la India; Desempe el ciclo financiero mundial un papel moderador?]
This study examines the effect of the global financial cycle on different financial indicators of the Indian economy through experimental analysis. It detects evidence of a connection between contemporaneous changes in capital flows, asset prices, and credit growth, which are related to the Global Financial Cycle (GFCy). The evolution of the cycle is largely driven by the monetary policy decisions of the Federal Reserve, and existing studies have examined the influence of these decisions in different contexts. The current study experimentally examines the effect of the global financial cycle on credit growth and asset prices in India during the period 2010-2023. For the purpose of achieving its goals, the study utilizes advanced time-series econometric techniques, such as the Granger Causality Test, Vector Autoregression (VAR) methodology, and the Impulse Response Function (IRF) test. The outcomes show that the global financial cycle has significant effects on the stock market, as confirmed by the Granger causality and IRF findings. 2019 Universidad Nacional Automa de Mico, Facultad de Contadur y Administraci. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) -
Global Financial Cycle and Its Determinants: A VECM Approach
The determinants of the global financial cycle are empirically investigated in this study report. The presence of concurrent changes in capital flows, asset prices, and global bank leverage is associated with the Global Financial Cycle (GFCy). According to the research now in publication, the Chicago Board of Exchange's VIX (Volatility Index), which gauges market uncertainty and risk aversion, indicates this cycle. The Federal Reserve's monetary policy decisions are the driving force behind this cycle, and the literature already in existence has examined the ramifications of these decisions. The GFCy and, thus, the financial circumstances of emerging market economies (EMEs) could be impacted by additional global shocks. Other global shocks have the potential to impact the global financial cycle and analysis of the same is required to make the existing literature more robust. Our analysis, which includes a study of identifying the potential global shocks for a period of 23 years data (quarterly), indicates that the global financial cycle is driven by global liquidity and global economic policy uncertainty. VECM, Granger Causality, Impulse Response functions were applied. There is a unidirectional causal relationship between the global financial cycle and global liquidity, as well as a unidirectional relationship between the global financial cycle and global economic policy uncertainty. 2025, Iquz Galaxy Publisher. All rights reserved. -
AI-Driven Credit Assessment in Banks and Non-Banking Finance Companies (NBFCs) in India: A Comprehensive Analysis
This study examines the application of AI frameworks in real- world scenarios, including regulatory compliance, fraud detection, credit scoring, default prediction, and portfolio management (Moscato et al., 2020). By leveraging AI to gain deeper insights into borrower creditworthiness, financial institutions can enhance decision- making, streamline processes, and foster a more stable financial environment. However, alongside its transformative potential, the implementation of AI presents significant challenges. Ensuring data quality, improving model interpretability, adhering to regulatory compliance, and addressing ethical considerations are crucial to achieving fair and unbiased outcomes. This paper highlights both the opportunities and complexities associated with integrating AI into financial systems, emphasizing the need for balanced and responsible adoption. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Managing Climate Risk in Indian Banking: Regulatory Shifts and Institutional Responses
Climate change is widely discussed as a prominent risk aspect which can pose financial risks to financial entities. The risks may range from physical risks and transition risks and impact can be evident across all the global economies. In India, the banking sector is the most important component of its financial system and is entrusted with managing various financial risks and mobilizing funds for sustainable development. The timely guidance of the Reserve Bank of India (the apex regulatory body) has made Indian Banks factor in climate risk factor into their internal control, risk assessment and disclosure processes. This chapter examines the changing role of risk management practices in Indian Banking Sector, where climate change also has a key role now. This study also focusses on new policies, practices and response of individual banks. The large banks of India have set a path of climate risk management by starting a separate ESG and Climate Finance Unit, laying down an ESG financing framework, and adding climate scenario analysis in its risk assessment. Banks such as HDFC Bank, Yes Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank, and Federal Bank have also advanced through financed emissions reporting, net-zero commitments, climate stress tests, and coal policy exclusions. In spite of these steps, the overall preparedness of the Indian banking sector is still limited, with most institutions still in the process of defining climate risk strategies. The key issues are availability of data, absence of uniform ESG metrics, and dearth of internal expertise. Institutional responses are compared and explained in this chapter and policy gaps that must be addressed in the short run. Through the presentation of regulatory changes and best practices, it emphasizes the importance of Indian banks moving away from reaction-driven risk management to proactive climate leadership and thus contributing to Indias larger environmental and economic objectives. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
Effect of Microbial Consortium on Biodegradation Process of Organic Waste Materials
Solid waste generation has significantly increased in tandem with population growth, presenting substantial challenges to human health and environmental sustainability. In developing nations such as India, traditional management practices, including incineration and open dumping, continue to prevail despite their detrimental environmental effects. There is a paucity of research focusing on microbial consortia specifically engineered for the accelerated biodegradation of heterogeneous organic waste under local conditions. This study addressed the microbial consortium isolated from waste-associated environments enhancing the rate of organic waste degradation and effect of consortium for improving compost nutrient quality compared to natural decomposition. Microbial strains were isolated from a soil sample obtained from a vegetable and fruit waste disposal site in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Among the 50 isolates, five exhibiting strong hydrolytic activity were selected and identified through 16S rRNA sequencing as Cronobacter sakazakii LMSC, Stutzerimonas xanthomarina LMSA, Cronobacter sakazakii LMSPR, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes LMSPE, and Staphylococcus sp. LMSL. A consortium was prepared by inoculating equal proportions of each culture, incubating for 48 hours, and applied it to waste degradation. During composting, temperature (2832 C), pH (neutral to alkaline), and moisture (68.44% in treated vs. 18% in control) were monitored. Nutrient analysis revealed higher values in the treated compost compared to the controls, contributing to enhanced soil quality and plant growth. The novelty of this study resides in the formulation of a native microbial consortium from waste-associated bacteria, which demonstrated superior biodegradation efficiency and compost quality compared to natural decomposition. 2026 Widener University School of Civil Engineering. All rights reserved. -
Emotional Abuse and the Pandemic in India: Implications for Policy, Research, and Practice
During the COVID-19 outbreak, cases of violence and abuse have increased significantly around the world, necessitating a reevaluation of our relation-ships. Both violence and abuse seek to control and instill fear in the individ-ual, gradually disrupting their overall well-being. Emotional abuse does not receive the same level of attention and social response as other forms of abuse due to its subtle nature. Its effects are as harmful as physical and sexual abuse, with serious consequences for the mental health of individual and their families. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought to light the importance of mental health. With the imposition of lockdown in India, the number of helplines for domestic violence and abuse has skyrocketed. Abuse experien-ces can be seen to be bidirectional; women are not alone in such instances. Many cases, however, go unreported and never reach formal institutions. The National Family Health Survey (2019-2021) reveals the current state of Indian health and nutrition, but emotional abuse (also referred to inter-changeably in this article as emotional violence) only includes responses from women and is no longer included under spousal violence in the most recent edition. This article also includes recommendations and attempts to highlight existing shortcomings in addressing the issue of emotional violence. The articles cited in this article were obtained from electronic databases. Other secondary data sources mentioned include newspaper articles, magazines, census reports, and periodicals. 2024 Springer Publishing Company. -
Separated/Divorced Individuals Experiences with the Legal System in India: A Qualitative Inquiry
This study identifies systemic flaws and biases in the Indian judicial system, highlighting areas for reform. Through purposive sampling, 15 separated/divorced participants (nine male, six female) were analyzed via semi-structured interviews and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) using Atlas.ti 23 software. Analysis derived one group experiential theme: Judicial Process and Law Enforcement, with four sub-themes: The Contradictory Positions of the Court, Nonchalance toward False Accusations, Encounter with Legal Professionals, and Two Sides of Law Enforcement. Participants revealed conflicting experiences, with few achieving justice while others faced substantial delays. Male participants often encountered allegations without evidence. Regardless of gender, feelings of distress and helplessness were prevalent due to court procedures. The findings highlight the urgent need for reforms like procedural transparency to mitigate the trauma of divorce in India and emphasize a gap in existing literature on judicial effects in separation cases. Recommendations for future research are suggested. 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.