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Paramagnetic mononuclear oxovanadium(IV) complex as oxidation catalyst
2-Thiophenecarbanicotinic hydrazone is added with equimolar mixture of vanadyl acetyl acetonate in methanol to obtain oxovanadium(IV) complex of 2-thiophenecarbanicotinic hydrazone. Oxovanadium(IV) complex of 2-thiophenecarbanicotinic hydrazone is acted as an effective catalyst in the process. The catalytic reactions were carried under room temperature. The products generated were benzil and furil. The influence of solvent, oxidant and quantity of catalyst has been investigated. Oxovanadium(IV) complex of 2-thiophenecarba-nicotinic hydrazone proves significantly higher catalytic activity towards oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones. The catalyst was proved to be very effective due to its recovery by simple filteration after completion of the reaction. It was reused several times which suggests that there is no change in the catalytic efficiency. Oxovanadium(IV) complex of 2-thiophenecarbanicotinic hydrazone did not show any leaching during the reaction, confirmed the heterogeneous nature. 2018 Chemical Publishing Co. All Rights Reserved. -
Parametric analysis for thermally magnetized hybrid ternary (TMHT) nanofluid flow on thin film with temperature stratification
The thermophysical examination of flow field claims various applications in both scientific and industrial domains and hence it remains important to inspect especially when both the heat and mass transfer are taken simultaneously. Owning such motivation, the present study offers a response surface optimization for thermal flow field of hybrid ternary water-based aluminium, silicon and Zinc nanofluid over a stretched surface manifested with both temperature stratification and concentration stratification effects. The governing equations are formulated for mathematical model and those PDE's are reduced to ODE's by using appropriate similarity transformations. Those obtained resultant equations are solved numerically by using Runge Kutta Fehlberg fourth fifth-order (RKF 45) technique. The supremacy of essential aspects on the flow field, heat and mass transfer rates were analyzed using graphical representation. Additionally, Response surface Methodology is performed to derived the heat transfer rate as a response function for the input factors for different parameters. From the graph it is noticed that temperature profile drops as the thermal stratification parameter increases. The temperature admits the direct relation with an increase in the solid volume fraction of ternary nanofluids. From RSM it is noticed that adjusted R-squared and R-squared are obtained as 100 % accuracy of the mathematical model. 2025 The Author(s) -
Parametric analysis of control parameters for investigating the machinability of inconel 718 using ceramic inserts of round type
Inconel 718 is a nickel-chromium based super alloy and has high corrosion and thermal resistance, high hardness, and high thermal strength at elevated temperatures which makes it difficult to cut. Due to these mechanical properties, it is being used in toughest conditions and hence the tool life is extremely short. This hard to cut metallic alloy has a wide scope in the field of bio medical industry, aerospace industry, bearing industry, steam turbine and nuclear applications and the demand has rapidly been increased in the recent years. Ceramic insert is one such cutting tool being used in the machining of this metal and study is still being conducted to increase the machinability. This paper investigates the machinability characteristics for determining the machinability of Inconel 718 using ceramic insert based on Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) and signal to noise (S/N) ratio. The input parameters such as feed rate, cutting speed and depth of cut are taken into consideration to obtain the suitable response parameters such as minimal surface roughness and low tool wear rate to improvise the machining characteristics of this superalloy. Ceramic inserts had even been cryogenic treated to provide better machining conditions on the Inconel 718. 2023 Author(s). -
Parametric effect of minimum quantity lubrication unit using RSM technique to improve the machinability of Inconel 718
In recent years, a rapid demand of superalloys has been seen in all industrial sectors. Few growing industries such as aerospace and biomedical industries are in need of this superalloy for fabrication of variety of products. Inconel 718 is one such superalloy which is being used for the manufacture of these productions due to high tensile strength, corrosion resistance, hardness and toughness. Due to these superior quality feature of this material friction is being seen at the tool-work interface region. This friction can be reduced by minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) unit which provides coolant at the right time. This paper discusses the minimum quantity lubrication unit used in computer numerical control (CNC) milling machine to improve the machinability of Inconel 718 by reduction of temperature at tool-work interface region and also the parametric effect using response surface methodology (RSM). Minimum quantity lubrication unit allows the cutting fluid to flow out of the nozzle at minimum speed to the cutting region which provides maximum volume of heat removal at very minimized usage of fluid. RSM technique is being implemented to improvise the experimental runs with proper way of extracting the readings and providing the observations. Instead of generating huge datas, RSM shows the accurate path of providing the data in a specified generative table. [copyright information to be updated in production process] 2022 -
Parametric effect on machining characteristics of laser machined Al7075TiB2 in-situ composite
The effect of laser parameters on the machining characteristics of an Al7075 based in-situ metal matrix composite reinforced with Titanium diboride(TiB2) is investigated. The cutting speed (at 10001200 m/hr), stand-off distance (SOD) (0.30.5 mm), and gas pressure (0.50.7 bar) were studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to validate the machining behaviour of in-situ composites. Surface roughness and dimensional error decrease as the SOD increases up to 0.4 mm, but both increases as the SOD increases to 0.5 mm. whereas the volumetric material removal rate (VMRR) increases up to 0.4 mm SOD and then decreases as SOD increases (0.5 mm). Surface roughness, VMRR, and dimensional error were all found to increase with laser speed. Surface roughness and dimensional error increase as gas pressure increase up to 0.5 bar, then decreases. The VMRR, on the other hand, increased continuously as the assist gas pressure increased. Copyright 2021 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Parametric investigation on the tool wear while performing face milling on inconel 718 using round insert
Machining of Inconel 718 has become a material of great purpose in the machining industry. Since Inconel is considered to be a super alloy which possess high material property such as high thermal fatigue, high strength and high resistance to corrosion it is thus considered to be a material which is hard to machine. This paper gives an overview on the tool wear that takes place while machining. Machining was carried out in a CNC milling machine with the help of a tungsten carbide circular insert. The cutting parameters taken into consideration were cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. Tool wear was analysed with the help of tool makers microscope. Statistical analysis was done on the MINITAB 18 software by using regression analysis. The regression analysis was carried out by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) the mathematical model for each individual response has been developed from regression equations considering analysis of cutting parameters as independent variables which was found to be significantly accurate. BEIESP. -
Parametric optimization on hot air assisted hybrid machining of soda-lime glass using Taguchi based grey relational analysis
The present research underlines the development of a hybrid method for the machining of soda-lime glass known as the hot air assisted hybrid machining. It is a combination of conventional machining assisted with the jet of hot air. The influence of process variables such as feed of the cutting tool, flow of hot air, depth of cut, and the air temperature on the material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra) applied to the grooving operation have been investigated. The Taguchi orthogonal array L27 was considered to reduce the number of experiments. The ANOVA was used to recognize the major influencing process parameters for the MRR and Ra. The results of ANOVA indicate that the air temperature is the most significant parameter for the objective of maximum MRR and minimum Ra with contributions ratios of 56.91% and 52.68% respectively for the grooving operation on soda-lime glass. The optimal machining parameters for the maximum MRR and minimum Ra were found to be A1B1C3D3 and A1B1C1D3 respectively. The multi-objective optimization was performed using the Taguchi based grey relational analysis (GRA). The optimal level of parameters based on GRA for maximum MRR and minimum Ra was found to be A1B1C3D3. In addition, the material removal process was explained with the help of SEM micrographs. 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Parametric Study on Compaction Characteristics of Clay Sand Mixtures
The behaviour of fine-grained soils can be attributed to their mineral composition and the amount of fines present in them. The present study aims to determine the effect of mineral composition and quantity of fines on the Atterberg limits and compaction characteristics and to determine the correlation between them. Two types of fine-grained artificial soil mixtures were prepared in the laboratory representing kaolinitic and montmorillonitic mineral compositions.The amount of fines was varied at 10% intervals, from 50 to 100%. The Atterberg limits like liquid limit, plastic limit, shrinkage limit, and compaction characteristics like maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC) for two compaction energy levels, i.e. standard proctor (SP) and modified proctor (MP) tests, were determined. The correlations were developed between percentage fines and Atterberg limits and similarly between percentage fines, Atterberg limits, and compaction characteristics for artificial mix proportions. The developed correlations were used to predict the properties of natural soil samples, and the predicted and actual values are compared. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Parametrical variation and its effects on characteristics of microstrip rectangular patch antenna
This paper represents a brief description about design of rectangular microstrip patch antenna and its parameter effects in size, efficiency and compactness and parametric analysis in terms of return loss, bandwidth, directivity and gain by using same and different dielectric substrate materials with same and different thickness of rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The important parameters of patch such as L, W, r and h has its own impact in antenna characteristics. This parametrical impact is studied and verified. As thickness of dielectric substrate increases, the gain & directivity of rectangular microstrip patch antenna decreases and bandwidth increases. As r increases, the size of the antenna decreases but when height of dielectric substrate increase antenna size also increases. There will be always a compromise between miniaturization and other antenna characteristics. This antenna is designed for microstrip feed line technique and with center frequency (f0) at 4GHz. The parametric analysis is obtained by comparing the simulated results of rectangular microstrip patch antenna for different cases. The proposed antenna is simulated using HFSS tool at resonance frequency of 4 GHz. 2017 IEEE. -
Parental Attachment, Perceived Parental-Partner Similarity, and Relationship Satisfaction among Indian Emerging Adults
Theories of mate selection debate about whether people tend to choose partners based on similarities to their parents. The present study aimed to address whether a similarity in how people perceive their parents and their partners is associated with the relationship between parental attachment and relationship satisfaction by adopting a template-matching framework. Participants were urban, emerging adults in India (n = 263, 137 male and 126 female) who were measured for how they perceive the traits of a parental figure, traits of a partner, attachment to the parent, and relationship satisfaction with the partner. Data analysis was conducted using correlations, linear regressions, and moderation analyses. Findings show that perceived neuroticism of parents was associated with perceived neuroticism of the partner. Additionally, perceptions of neuroticism of parents predicted neuroticism in partners. Perceived agreeableness, neuroticism, and openness to experience moderated the relationship between parental attachment and relationship satisfaction. A gender difference with a small effect size in perceptions of similarity was observed for openness to experience and agreeableness. Finally, perceived agreeableness also moderated the relationship between parental attachment and relationship satisfaction for men and women separately. However, for men, perceived neuroticism also significantly moderated this relationship. The findings imply that, to an extent, the more emerging adults perceive similarities of certain traits in their parents and partners, the higher likelihood that their attachment to their parent predicts relationship satisfaction with their partner. Limitations and future directions have been discussed. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to National Academy of Psychology (NAOP) India 2024. -
Parental beliefs about positive affect and parental depressive symptoms predicting parents' positive emotion socialisation in India
Emerging literature examines implications of parental socialisation of positive affect (PA) for children's socio-emotional functioning, though little is known about predictors of parental PA socialisation behaviours in diverse families around the world. Based on the literature that suggests that parental cognitions (Okagaki & Bingham, 2005) and their own mood state contribute to their parenting (Dix & Meunier, 2009), we examined two parent-related factors (parental beliefs regarding PA and depressive symptoms) as predictors of parental responses to their adolescents' PA in an urban middle-class sample of mothers and fathers from India (N = 267; 40.4% mothers). Parents completed measures of their PA-related beliefs, depressive symptomatology, and their responses to adolescents' PA at two-time points, 5 months apart. Parental PA-related beliefs showed low stability and depressive symptoms showed moderate stability across time. There were concurrent bivariate associations between parental PA-related beliefs and their socialisation behaviours, though these relations did not hold in multivariate path analyses across time. Parental depressive symptoms at T1 inversely predicted family savouring at T2 and positively predicted dampening at T2. These findings provide the first line of evidence indicating that parental cognitions and their own mood contribute to their emotion-related parenting behaviours in India. 2022 The Authors. International Journal of Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Union of Psychological Science. -
Parental Expectations and Fear of Negative Evaluation Among Indian Emerging Adults: The Mediating Role of Maladaptive Perfectionism
Background: Contrary to traditional notions of emerging adulthood as a period free from parental pressures, the prolonged transition to adulthood in contemporary society implies that parental influence remains a significant factor in the lives of emerging adults. This presents a potential challenge to emerging adults, as navigating independence while managing parental expectations can result in adverse psychological outcomes. The present study examined the relationship between perceived parental expectations and fear of negative evaluation (FNE) and the mediating role of maladaptive perfectionism. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 466 emerging adults from India between 18 and 25 years old. They responded to the Perception of Parental Expectations Inventory, the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism-Brief Scale, and the Brief Fear of Negative EvaluationStraightforward Items Scale. Results: Correlation analyses revealed significant, positive associations between perceived parental expectations, maladaptive perfectionism, and FNE. Findings from regression analyses indicated that increased perceptions of parental expectations and maladaptive perfectionism predicted increased levels of FNE. The relationship between perceived parental expectations and FNE was fully mediated by maladaptive perfectionism. Conclusion: A key reason for heightened perceptions of parental expectations associated with increased FNE is that emerging adults tend to adopt unrealistic perfectionistic standards. Maladaptive perfectionism represents a vital intervention target for individuals who perceive elevated parental expectations and are at risk for FNE, offering promising avenues for promoting well-being in emerging adults. 2024 The Author(s). -
Parental Involvement in School Counseling Services: Challenges and Experience of Counselor
School counselors include parents as informants in school counseling for various reasons like for consultation and clients intervention which could lead to a different experience. The objective of the present study was to explore the challenges faced by school counselors when involving parents in the school counseling process and the ways they handle the challenges. The participants consisted of seven school counselors, with whom in-depth interviews were conducted. The subjective experiences of the school counselors were objectively interpreted by the researcher using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The research results were categorized into master and subordinate themes using double hermeneutics. The results revealed that although school counselors have their own individual perceptions of challenges and methods of handling parental inclusion in the school counseling context, there still exist similarities in their methods of handling. The study highlights school counselors beliefs about parents perceptions and expectations of counseling as well as parents reaction toward their childs problem as a challenge. The findings throw light on the need for stronger evidence-based practices and policies for school counseling programs. Training and competence-building programs for school counselors would improve the service delivery. 2018, National Academy of Psychology (NAOP) India. -
Parental Perception of the Effectiveness of Online Classes for Primary School Children: A Mixed-Methods Approach
The unprecedented measures to control the spread of COVID-19 have affected both students and parents as education institutions have almost overnight shifted to virtual platforms. This study explores the effectiveness of online classes on primary school children s performance and investigates online classes impact on children s behaviour and holistic development. It explores the impact of online classes on parents workload by adopting a sequential research method. The data were collected using Google form and telephonic interviews with randomly selected parent respondents. Results exhibit that online classes are ineffective, and there is an indicative change in children s behaviour. Also, the lack of social interaction with peers and teachers, and minimal physical activities, have made online sessions monotonous for children. Parents have been experiencing an increased workload, as they are expected to be mentors, curators, and personal tutors for their children. The study emphasizes a need for exclusive curriculum and pedagogy development suitable for online classes. Copyright 2022, IGI Global. -
Parental Perspectives on Stress and Challenges in Raising Autistic Children: A Meta-Synthesis
Raising autistic children can be challenging, and the current meta-synthesis explores the stress and challenges the parents encounter across life domains. Database searches (JSTOR, ProQuest, EBSCO, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar) were done using the SPIDER method, and 463 articles published between 2011 and 2021 were reviewed. The meta-synthesis adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and included 28 eligible studies centered on stress in parents of children up to the age of 12 years diagnosed with autism. This comprehensive analysis encompassed a collective participant pool of n-505 individuals. Eight stressors were derived using the line of argument synthesis method, which include parental stress due to emotional impact, diagnosis process, social stigma, financial aspects, work-life balance, lack of resources and social support, marital life, and academic setting. Multiple stressors exert a combined effect of individual and systemic factors across domains of life, leading to parental stress. Interventions must be designed considering the complex nature of the parental stress and its interaction with the environment. Psycho-education for awareness and empowerment contribute to parental well-being. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature India Private Limited 2024. -
Parental Psychological Distress of Missed Diagnosis of Down Syndrome at Antenatal Screening: A Rare, but Still Real Occurrence-A Case Report and Review of Literature
Introduction: Prenatal screening programs are important components for pregnant women care and are often linked with grief and shock based on gestational age or the diagnosis. Lower/no sensitivity is also associated with these screening programs leading to providing false-negative outputs. Case Presentation: Present work shows a case of missed antenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome and its persistant medical and psychological impact on the family members. We have also discussed the relevant economic and medical-legal issues related to the context and aimed to maintain an adequate awareness among healthcare to discuss properly these investigations (difference between screening and diagnostic testing), their possible outcome (chances of false results) and enabled the pregnant women/couple to take informed decision on early pregnancy. Conclusion: These programs are considered as routine clinical practice in many countries from last few years and are necessary to assess the pros and cons of these programs. One of the prime cons involves the likeliness of obtaining a false-negative result due to lack of 100% sensitivity and specificity. 2023 S. Karger AG, Basel. -
Parental socialization of positive affect, adolescent positive affect regulation, and adolescent girls depression in India
An emerging body of research shows that parental socialization of positive affect (PA) is implicated in youth functioning, although most evidence comes from Western countries. In this study, focusing on adolescent girls in India, we examined associations among reports of parents responses to adolescent PA, adolescent PA regulation, and adolescent depression. A total of 238 adolescent girls (1318years) and one of their parents (54% mothers) were recruited. Participants completed questionnaires at the beginning of the school year (time 1) and five months later (time 2). At the bivariate level, parents dampening and adolescent girls dampening responses were each associated concurrently with adolescent depression at time 1. However, there were no significant direct associations between time 1 parents dampening or enhancing responses and time 2 adolescent girls depression (after controlling for time 1 depression). Using half-longitudinal models, a significant indirect effect was found from parental dampening of PA to increased adolescent depression via adolescent girls own increased dampening. No indirect effect was found from parental enhancing to adolescent depression via adolescent girls increased positive rumination. These findings are the first to demonstrate the relevance of PA socialization for girls in a non-Western culture. 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd -
Parity labeling in Signed Graphs
Let S = (G; ?) be a signed graph where G = (V;E) is a graph called the underlying graph of S and ?: E(G) ? {+; -}. Let f: V(G) ? {1, 2, ..., |V(G)|} such that ?(uv) = + if f(u) and f(v) are of same parity and ?(uv) = - if f(u) and f(v) are of opposite parity. The bijection f induces a signed graph Gf denoted as S, which is a parity signed graph. In this paper, we initiate the study of parity labeling in signed graphs. We define and find `rna' number denoted as ?-(S) for some classes of signed graphs. We also characterize some signed graphs which are parity signed graphs. Some directions for further research are also suggested. 2021, Journal of Prime Research in Mathematics. All rights reserved. -
Parkinson's Disease Progression Prediction Using Longitudinal Imaging Data and Grey Wolf Optimizer-Based Feature Selection
This work uses longitudinal imaging data and a feature selection method based on the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) to create a novel method for forecasting the course of Parkinson's disease.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) longitudinal imaging data offer important insights into the structural and functional changes in the brain over time. However, because of its great dimensionality, analysing this complicated data might be difficult. We suggest using the GWO-based feature selection method to identify the most informative imaging features related to illness development in order to solve this problem.The Grey Wolf Optimizer is an algorithm that draws inspiration from nature and imitates the way that grey wolves hunt. By effectively locating an ideal subset of features that maximise classification or regression performance, it has demonstrated promising results in feature selection challenges. GWO will be used in our investigation to choose the most pertinent imaging features from the longitudinal data, lowering dimensionality and improving the model's ability to predict outcomes.Using machine learning strategies, we will build a predictive model that includes the chosen features and longitudinal imaging data. We hope to equip clinicians with a tool to forecast the course of each patient's Parkinson's disease by utilising this model. By assisting in early diagnosis, treatment planning, and disease progression monitoring, this predictive skill can ultimately improve the overall management of Parkinson's disease and the quality of life for those who are affected. Our method has great promise for expanding the fields of neurodegenerative disease prediction and personalised therapy because it integrates longitudinal imaging data and the Grey Wolf Optimizer-based feature selection method in a novel way. 2024, Ismail Saritas. All rights reserved. -
Parkinsons Disease Progression Prediction using Advanced Machine Learning Techniques
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition that affects people over time and significantly lowers their quality of life. Patients with PD experience both motor and non-motor symptoms. Through clinical evaluation, the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) is used to quantify the severity of Parkinson's disease. No definitive diagnostic tests for PD currently exist. Emerging machine learning techniques show potential to forecast future UPDRS scores for making informed medical decisions and enable better disease management. This paper studies research leveraging proteomic data to forecast PD prognosis, focusing on advanced machine learning techniques like CatBoost Regressor, ElasticNet, XGBoost Regressor, RandomForest Regressor, ExtraTrees Regressor and DecisionTree Regressor. 2024 IEEE.