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The Future Warfare with Multidomain Applications of Artificial Intelligence: Research Perspective
We live in a period when historical fiction has become current reality. With our future being automated, using AI on a daily basis will only get more convenient. Making military weapons to detect, monitor, and engage a human being with attacks may all be done in the privacy of one's own garden. There is a plethora of AI software out there that can be readily integrated into combat weapons. The automobile industry is already incorporating AI into vehicles to assess driving circumstances and give augmented reality to drivers via heads-up displays in order to assist avert accidents. Similarly, artificial intelligence will be utilized to study the battlefield and give soldiers with augmented reality information via heads-up displays and weapon control systems. Since AI is not a single technology, it has been argued that it might be used by the military in a variety of ways. Intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) activities, as well as processing and interpreting sensor data and geographic imaging analysis, are all examples of AI. Artificial intelligence has the potential to reduce human involvement in conflict, whether it is employed for combat robots or data analysis. AI has the potential to profoundly alter the nature of war. The article mainly focussed on warfare technologies and applications. The main aim of this review is to understand the current applications being used in armed forces and proposed technologies of artificial intelligence. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Pattern Identification and Recommender System Based on Skin Undertone in ApparelA Deep Learning Approach
The fashion industry has undergone significant transformations driven by technological advancements, shifting consumer preferences, and the rise of e-commerce. Traditional retail models have been disrupted, giving consumers unprecedented access to information and options, making personalization crucial for success. The industry has also embraced inclusivity, offering diverse clothing lines that cater to various body types, skin tones, and cultural backgrounds. Technology plays a pivotal role in this evolution, enhancing design, manufacturing, marketing, and sustainability practices. Despite these advancements, existing recommendation systems often overlook individual characteristics such as skin undertones and pattern preferences, as well as the dynamic nature of fashion trends. This study aims to address these limitations by developing a novel AI-powered recommendation system that integrates personalized factors with real-time fashion trends. The proposed system will analyze customer data, including browsing history, social media activity, and purchases, to provide accurate and tailored fashion suggestions. By incorporating individual traits and the latest trends, the research seeks to create a more effective and responsive recommendation engine, ultimately enhancing the consumer shopping experience and helping fashion brands stay competitive in a rapidly evolving market. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Leadership for Digital Transformation
The chapter explores the critical role of leadership in navigating the complexities of digital transformation, emphasizing the integration of technology, culture, and strategy to drive sustainable organizational change. Through comprehensive case studies, it highlights successful transformation journeys at Microsoft, Tesla, and Walmart, alongside challenges faced by organizations like General Electric. The discussion delves into frameworks such as Transformational Leadership Theory, Agile methodologies, and Digital Maturity Models, underscoring their importance in fostering adaptability, innovation, and inclusivity. Key themes include addressing resistance to change, bridging digital skills gaps, and embedding ethical practices in leadership strategies. The chapter concludes by providing actionable recommenda- tions for future leaders to harness emerging technologies, balance innovation with sustainability, and build resilient organizations in an interconnected global economy. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
FUZZY SEMI-ESSENTIAL SUBMODULES AND FUZZY SEMI-CLOSED SUBMODULES
In this paper, we prove some properties of fuzzy semi-essential submodules and fuzzy semi-closed submodules I??k University, Department of Mathematics, 2023; all rights reserved -
Enhancing the stability of DSSC by Co-activation of microwave synthesized TiO2 with biomass derived carbon dots
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) that utilize natural dyes have garnered interest due to their low cost, eco-friendly manufacturing process, and competitive photovoltaic performance. However, their efficiency and stability issues have hindered their widespread implementation. To enhance their performance, this paper proposes a novel approach of modifying the photoanode with carbon dots (CDs) to align the band gap for easier carrier collection. The material properties were thoroughly characterized by examining their structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties. In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2) was synthesized using the microwave-assisted solvothermal method, while nitrogen-doped CDs derived from Citrus medica fruit juice were prepared using a simple hydrothermal treatment. Three sets of Natural Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (NDSSC) devices were created using co-activated photoanode (CD/TiO2) and unmodified photoanode (TiO2) with Platisol T/sp coated ITO serving as the counter electrode. Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) and Onion (Allium cepa) peel extracts were utilized as sensitizers and Iodolyte HI-30 as the electrolyte. The most efficient device attained an efficiency of 3.5 % with Voc = 0.81 V and Jsc = 6.57 mA/cm2. This marks the highest efficiency reported using Hibiscus as a sensitizer with the current configuration, accompanied by prolonged device stability. This study showcases the potential of Citrus medica-derived nitrogen-doped CDs in achieving durable device stability. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Performance of DSSC with green synthesized and thermodynamically sintered Bi-phase TiO2 with various sensitizers
The production of green and clean energy in the current era is heavily reliant on light harvesting through the use of solar cells. A successful fabrication of any of the components of Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) through an easy, environmental, and economic-friendly method would be an added advantage in promoting the production of green and clean energy. With this in mind, this paper highlights the green synthesis of materials for the preparation of photo-anodes as well as sensitizers. Apart from the routine synthesis method, this paper presents a new perspective that enhances inter-particle connections by providing an optimum calcination temperature (thermodynamic sintering) during the preparation procedure. The best calcination temperature for the preparation of photo-anode material is initially optimized by comparing the device output performance between synthetic and natural dyes. Further improvement in device performance is achieved through TiCl4 (Titanium tetrachloride) post-annealing treatment on the optimized photo-anodes. The improvement in performance of these optimized photo-anodes is checked and confirmed with different natural, synthetic, and cocktail sensitizers. The best natural dye-sensitized solar cell (NDSSC) device showed an efficiency of 4.65 % and the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) device showed an efficiency of 5.78 %. This confirms the suitability of these green-synthesized TiO2 nanopowders as a promising material for photo-anode preparation that could work well for both NDSSC and DSSC. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Optical properties of MnTe2 few-layer quantum dots
Quantum dots (QDs) are gaining attention as a possible emissive material that might be used in flexible optoelectronic and photonic systems. In the present work, the temperature-dependent photoluminescence (TDPL) property of manganese di-telluride (MnTe2) QDs was investigated. The room-temperature PL is attributed to the abrupt breakage of the large-area MnTe2 nanosheets by ultrasonication, which integrates defect-mediated localized trap states inside the electronic bandgap. As a result, deliberately generated defect states ultimately generate such PL emission of QDs. Density functional theory (DFT) results further validate the experimental interpretations of the origin of TDPL. In addition, through an in-situ liquid diffusion approach, the QDs were also integrated into a NaCl matrix. Due to light scattering properties, the hybrid crystals exhibit fluorescence centres at various excitation wavelengths. These results suggest that these MnTe2 QDs can be used as an effective basis for future flexible optoelectronic applications. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Controlled reaction time of TiO2 and cocktail co-sensitization for improved DSSC performance
Solar energy stands out as a promising alternative to traditional energy sources, with dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) proving to be a highly effective means of harnessing this renewable energy. However, recent studies highlight the efficacy of employing a photoanode with mixed phases of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in DSSCs. The conventional approach to preparing mixed-phase TiO2 involves a time-consuming process with high-temperature annealing. In the present work, a novel microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis of mixed-phase TiO2, which significantly reduces the preparation time has been reported. Moreover, we have enhanced device performance by co-sensitizing carbon dots (CDs) with various natural dyes and synthetic dye. The device prepared using CDs co-sensitized with Brassica oleraceavar.capitataf.rubra exhibited comparable efficiency (3.66%) with that obtained for N719-sensitized DSSC (3.85%). Further improvement in efficiency (4.81%) was obtained on sensitizing CDs with N719 dye. The comprehensive analysis of device performance using these innovative methods represents a noteworthy advancement in the realm of solar energy harvesting, with unexplored possibilities that could shape the future of sustainable energy solutions. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
Influence of social media marketing on the purchase intention of Gen Z
The purpose of this paper is to identify the influence of social media marketing on the purchase intention of Gen Z. A self-administered questionnaire is developed and distributed to 424 respondents who are born after 1994. Independent sample t-test and multiple linear regression model are used for statistical data analysis. The study finds social media marketing more effective than the traditional method of marketing on Gen Z indicating that social media marketing has a positive impact on their purchase intention, brand awareness, product perception, brand loyalty and customer-business interactions. It also reveals that developing the brand awareness, brand loyalty, product perception and customer-business interactions through social media marketing can ultimately influence the purchase intention of Gen Z. This paper addresses the differences in the purchase intention of those who prefer social media ads over traditional ads. It also highlights the importance of social media in marketing communications which help companies in retaining their customers and optimising search engine rankings. 2019 SERSC. -
Benefits of cross training: Scale development and validity
Studies related to benefits of cross - training were mainly done either in the context of qualitative research or as comprehension of desk research. The literature scarcely covered the measurement issues, and thus, it became vital to quantify and develop a scale to measure the benefits of cross - training (BCT). Cross -training means training that covers multiple tasks within a department This training technique keeps employees prepared to handle more than a single Job for which they have been Initially hired. This concept Is also called 'worker multlfunctlonallty'. The study aimed to propose and validate an Instrument to measure BCT. The nrst section of the study was exploratory factor analysis (EFA) establishing the benefits of cross training through four dimensions namely Job Stability, Career Advancement, Networking, and Idle lime Management. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used in the second section to verify the factor structure of the observed variables. The results indicated that cross training the employees in an organization could help practitioners to adopt the same as a strategy in retaining the employees by saving on the costs of recruitment, selection, and staffing. The findings also suggested that cross training helped in securing a job, progressing in one's career, enabling better interaction among the employees, and efficiently managing the idle time in the organization. 2019, Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved. -
Exploring loneliness in relation to attributional styles in children with locomotor disabilities
The concept of loneliness, as an experience with both cognitive and emotional components, has been scientifically extended to the child population only recently. With indications that loneliness can be reported by children as young as 5-7 years, it becomes relevant to examine this topic in children of specific populations. In this case, children with locomotor disabilities are examined. In addition, loneliness has been associated theoretically with the attributional style of an individual, wherein it is proposed that an internal-stable-global attributional style combines with other factors to predict greater loneliness. This research aimed at examining loneliness in relation to attributional styles in children with locomotor disabilities, studying in inclusive or integrated education settings in Bangalore. 30 children with locomotor disabilities were compared on scores of loneliness and attributional styles to 30 children without disabilities, using the Loneliness and Social Dissatisfaction Questionnaire and the Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire - Revised. These scores were also analysed and results indicated that there was no significant difference in loneliness between children with locomotor disabilities and nondisabled peers. There was a significant difference in attributional styles between the two groups, and a negative correlation was found between loneliness and attributional styles in the children with locomotor disabilities. The implications of the research include the argument for attributional retraining to address loneliness Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology. -
Boosting DSSC Performance: Co-Sensitization With Morinda citrifolia-Derived Carbon Dots for Enhanced Light Harvesting
This study explores a novel co-sensitization architecture utilizing carbon dots (CDs) derived from Morinda citrifolia in combination with the N719 dye to enhance the light-harvesting efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The CDs were synthesized through a hydrothermal process using an aqueous extract of Morinda citrifolia fruit juice, resulting in a material with broad optical absorption properties. To investigate their effectiveness in DSSCs, the synthesized CDs were incorporated and used with two different co-sensitization strategies. In the first approach (DN), the CDs were initially adsorbed onto the photoanode, followed by sensitization with N719 dye. The second configuration (DND) employed a sandwich structure where the photoanode was sequentially sensitized with CDs, N719 dye, and an additional layer of CDs. In this study, TiO2 was used as the photoanode material, with N719 and CD-modified N719 acting as sensitizers, Iodolyte HI-30 as the electrolyte, and Platisol T/sp as the counter electrode. Among the two configurations, the DND structure exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.3%, demonstrating the potential of this co-sensitization approach. The significant enhancement in DSSC performance highlights the effectiveness of Morinda citrifolia-derived carbon dots as a promising, cost-effective strategy for improving the efficiency of next-generation DSSCs. 2026 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Enhanced light harvesting in DSSCs using carbon dots derived from Alstonia venenata
This study presents a novel co-sensitization strategy utilizing carbon dots derived from Alstonia venenata in combination with the N719 dye to enhance the light-harvesting efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The carbon dots were synthesized via a hydrothermal process using an aqueous extract of Alstonia venenata leaves, resulting in a material with broad absorption characteristics. These synthesized carbon dots were then drop-cast onto an N719-sensitized photoanode, leading to improved carrier generation and enhanced device performance. The selection of Alstonia venenata as a precursor is based on its rich phytochemical composition, which contains alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and phenolic compounds that act as efficient carbon precursors and surface passivation agents. Upon carbonisation, these biomolecules yield functionally active carbon dots that can improve electron transport, minimise charge recombination and enhance dye anchoring at the TiO2 surface. Carbon dots have demonstrated significant potential as co-sensitizers, offering a highly effective approach to increasing DSSC efficiency. Their strong binding affinity further facilitates efficient photoinduced electron transfer to the photoanode, contributing to improved device functionality. In this research, TiO2 was employed as the photoanode, while N719 dye and carbon-dot-modified N719 served as sensitizers. Iodolyte HI-30 acted as the electrolyte, and Platisol T/sp functioned as the counter electrode. The unmodified DSSC exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 5.2%, which was enhanced to 6.0% with the incorporation of carbon dots as co-sensitizers. The significant efficiency improvement achieved through this co-sensitization strategy underscores the unique capabilities of carbon dots derived from Alstonia venenata, making this approach a promising advancement toward the development of cost-effective and high-performance DSSCs. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2026. -
Optical properties of MnTe2 few-layer quantum dots
Quantum dots (QDs) are gaining attention as a possible emissive material that might be used in flexible optoelectronic and photonic systems. In the present work, the temperature-dependent photoluminescence (TDPL) property of manganese di-telluride (MnTe2) QDs was investigated. The room-temperature PL is attributed to the abrupt breakage of the large-area MnTe2 nanosheets by ultrasonication, which integrates defect-mediated localized trap states inside the electronic bandgap. As a result, deliberately generated defect states ultimately generate such PL emission of QDs. Density functional theory (DFT) results further validate the experimental interpretations of the origin of TDPL. In addition, through an in-situ liquid diffusion approach, the QDs were also integrated into a NaCl matrix. Due to light scattering properties, the hybrid crystals exhibit fluorescence centres at various excitation wavelengths. These results suggest that these MnTe2 QDs can be used as an effective basis for future flexible optoelectronic applications. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Ecological and Socioeconomic Triggers of Forest Fires in Uttara Kannada, India, and Their Impact on Biodiversity Conservation
This study studies the complex cause and consequence aspects of forest fire in the western ghats district of Uttara Kannada, Karnataka, India-a region particularly known for biodiversity. It singles out key factors influencing fire dynamics: natural or anthropogenic elements, such as lightning, droughts, and anthropogenic changes induced by socioeconomic change. Through field information and satellite image analysis, research shows how such climate change and increased human activities continue to fuel rising fire frequency and intensity, posing a threat to the ecological and biodiversity balance within the region. The study conclusion calls for collaborative forest management mechanisms that integrate grassroots practices with wider global conservation visions. This study puts forth actionable recommendations that improve the technique of fire management and prevention. These efforts seek to minimize ecological and economic damage brought about by forest fires. These efforts lead to better comprehension of the concept of ecosystem integrity and bring forward the relevance of preserving biodiversity against climatic and human challenges. 2025 The Author(s). -
Study on radon concentration at the work places of Mysuru, Bengaluru and Kolar districts of Karnataka state, South India
Concentrations of radon, thoron and their progeny inside the working place depend on the activity of radionuclides in the soil, building materials, atmospheric conditions, construction of the building, type of work and ventilation condition. Radon is a radioactive noble gas, and it is emanated from 226Ra present in earth crest and building material. Based on the type of work, construction of the building and ventilation condition, concentrations of radon, thoron and their progeny have been measured in 60 workplaces at 10 locations of Mysuru, Bengaluru and Kolar districts of Karnataka state using Solid-State Nuclear Track Detector technique. From the study, variations of radon, thoron and their progeny have been observed with the nature of work. The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. -
Just Another Way to Track? Exploring the Critical Dimensions of Wearable Technologies Usage in Workplace Monitoring
With three main goals in mind, this critical research paper raises concerns about the widespread use of wearable technology for workplace surveillance. The first goal concerns with the examination of the ethical and moral implications of using wearable technology in work environments. Informed permission, privacy concerns, data ownership, and the possibility of discriminatory behaviors must all be carefully examined. For the second goal, the authors delve into the implications constant monitoring affects employees' physical and mental health. Examining the possibility of elevated stress, burnout, and decreased job satisfaction as a result of ongoing observation and performance pressure is part of this. Lastly, the authors of this paper have attempted to develop a Framework for Equitable Wearable Integration (FEWI) that describes how wearable devices can be utilized fairly and efficiently at workplaces in future. The study outlines the detrimental effects of wearable monitoring on workplace culture and employee morale using both empirical data and theoretical models. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
REVOLUTIONIZING HR: AI-DRIVEN TRANSFORMATION IN TALENT ACQUISITION, DEVELOPMENT, AND MANAGEMENT
Introduction: Organizations in the knowledge-based industry depend on intellectual capacity, where key talent plays a major role in their success and business sustainability. Human resource (HR) management, in its traditional form involves labour-intensive processes and practices that are prone to unconscious bias, inadequate retention measures and diversity issues creating significant challenges in talent management. Purpose: The study brings to the fore a multi-stakeholder outlook that makes the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) very lucrative. This study aims to highlight the capabilities of AI that address its limitations and retain a human-centric approach. Scope: The study encompasses the whole gamut of talent management lifecycle, starting from recruitment automation initiatives to onboarding, career planning and development, employee engagement, performance management, and succession planning in large global organizations. Methodology: The authors carried out an extensive review of the literature and analysis of use cases encompassing the use of AI and its implementation strategies, outcomes, and best practices, spanning the myriad talent acquisition and management functions. Findings: About 40% of large organizations have plans to invest in AI-enabled skills management solutions by 2028. AI-driven talent analyticshaveenabledbettercandidateassessment,hiringbiaseshave significantly reduced, and retention rates have increased an 82%. Significant workload savings, enhanced prediction capabilities, and improved accuracy across talent management processes are some of the other benefits of AI-enabled talent management solutions. AI usage has enhanced HR professionals efficiency, leadership has improved their decision-making capabilities, and employees have experienced increased opportunities for personal and professional development. Individual chapters 2026 The authors. -
Experimental Investigation and Numerical Simulation of Air Circulation in a Non-AC Bus Coach System
Air circulation plays a vital role in the comfort of passengers in a bus, being a non-AC bus without any aid from the air conditioning system. The circulation of air is utterly dependent on the design of the bus and the natural flow of air. However, optimize the flow of air inside the bus, a study on the design of the bus is needed. In this regard, experimental work was carried out to achieve uniform airflow by redesigning the coach into an aerodynamic shape. The openings are provided at the leading edge of the bus to evaluate the best possibility for air to circulate in the bus. Three openings were provided at the leading edge of the bus, the first and second openings were mere openings, and the third opening was fitted with a roof vent providing three different geometric patterns to airflow. The initial boundary conditions were developed by considering that all windows and doors of the bus are closed. The scaling ratio of 1:20 was considered for modeling the bus. The experiments were conducted in the wind tunnel test rig. It was observed from the experimentation that the velocity of the air was considered to be the most influential parameter for the optimal air circulation. The velocities of 21.96 m/s and 22.68 m/s were obtained inside bus. The obtained experimental velocities were validated with results obtained by the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). It was observed that a deviation of 5% for the given velocity of 20 m/s. 2022 Materials and Energy Research Center. All rights reserved. -
Experimental Investigation of Air Circulation Using Duct System in a Non-AC Bus Coach
Public transport is the life line in many of the developing and under developed countries for the safe conveyance, i.e. also consider as economical. The major limitation in public transport (non-AC busses) Air Condition, is the lack of proper air circulation leading to suffocation and vomiting. The present research work emphasis on design and analysis of air flow duct system (non AC Busses) to increase the level of comfortance of the passengers, tools like solidworks software 2016 is used for 3D drawing, Hypermesh software 13.0 is for the discretization and ANSYS Fluent software 16.0 for the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis, from the experimental the airflow is found to be 10 m/s, and from the numerical analysis the airflow is found to be 9.8 m/s, by comparing the experimental and numerical results a negligible deviation of 2% is observed and it is within the limit. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.