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MXene Composite-Based Nanogenerators and Applications
Energy harvesting modules are becoming increasingly vital for developing autonomous, self-powered microelectronic devices. MXenes, a class of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides/nitrides, have recently gained attention as promising candidates for energy applications due to their excellent electrical conductivity, large specific surface area, and tunable properties. MXene-based nanogenerators (NGs) represent a cutting-edge advancement in energy harvesting technology, harnessing the unique properties of MXenes to enhance performance. Incorporating MXenes into composite materials facilitates efficient ion/electron transport and increases the surface charge density, leading to higher output performance. Additionally, MXenes abundant functional groups and tunable surface properties enable strong interactions with polymer matrices, resulting in composites with superior mechanical strength and flexibility. This book chapter delves into the various properties of MXenes, highlighting their importance in energy harvesting technology and their inherent piezoelectric properties. It also covers using MXene-based composite materials in NG technology, focusing on MXenepolymer, MXenemetalorganic framework (MOF), and MXenecarbon composites. Additionally, the chapter discusses the applications of these composite-based NGs in various fields, including wearable technology and biomedical devices. Finally, the chapter summarizes the recent advancements in this field and future aspects in enhancing the use of MXene in energy harvesting technology. 2026 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
My Motherhood, My Way: A Sociological Study of Contemporary Employed Mothers in Kolkata
Motherhood in India has been understood primarily by placing mothers in the domestic space. A mother is constructed as a protector and the complete caregiver of her children. But there have been significant changes in the status of Indian women recently. In the 21st century, with suitable qualifications and employment opportunities, women have the choice to be economically independent and career-driven, which has a profound impact on their roles and responsibilities as protectors and caregivers in the home. It is essential to study and document how women in this generation have started to redefine their roles and negotiate what a mothers duties are at home. This study aims to make a systematic inquiry to understand the issues and challenges faced by employed mothers in everyday life and how they balance their career and childcare activities. Researchers investigate this through a qualitative study on mothers employed in different types of professions in the city of Kolkata. Data was collected by conducting in-depth interviews of around twenty-nine urban, upper-middle class employed mothers from different professional backgrounds to have a set of diverse narratives about their experiences and struggles. The key findings of this study provide an insight into the challenges that mothers face and their balancing mechanisms. Such studies have the scope to motivate many employed mothers by presenting some cases of women who have succeeded in breaking the stereotypical ideas of motherhood and are redefining their stories in more humane terms. 2021. Journal of International Womens Studies. -
Myth of the Empowered Naga Women: A Reflection through Feminist and Postcolonial Perspective
[No abstract available] -
Mythistorical Construction of Divinity and Femininity in Early Mohiniyattam Manuals
The history of Indian classical dances has been shaped by nation-building ideologies that constructed a culturally sanctioned past. For Mohiniyattam, a classical dance from Kerala, dance manuals have constructed a religious and gendered narrative, often relying on myths to comprehend its fragmented history. This paper explores the mythistorical narratives in the dance manuals of four early Mohiniyattam practitioners: Kalamandalam Kalyanikutty Amma, Kalamandalam Sathyabhama, Dr. Kanak Rele, and Bharati Shivaji. Through textual analysis and contextual interpretation, we explain how mythistorical accounts of divinity and femininity shape the sociocultural and bodily dynamics of the performance and the performer. 2026 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Myths and magic of adopting marketing technologies: acustomer-centric framework
Purpose This study seeks to explore how customers perceptions of the benefits, risks and continuation intention toward Marketing Technologies (MarTech) influence their actual usage. This research study utilizes the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) framework for assessing the usage and continuation intention (intention behavior) of customers toward adopting marketing technologies. Design/methodology/approach Data was collected from 266 respondents and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). A post-hoc analysis was undertaken using importance-performance matrix analysis (IPMA) to assess the importance and performance of determinants in the PLS-SEM model. Findings The results of the study indicate that perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment and social influence have positive effects on Marketing Technologies (MarTech) usage intention. Additionally, usage intention has no effect on continuation intention. The performance of Perceived Usefulness is 74.879, which is higher than other constructs and ascertains that perceived usefulness contributes largely to predicting MarTech continuation intention. Originality/value This study enriches the technology adoption literature by investigating the predictors of marketing technologies (MarTech) adoption and usage from the perspective of customers. Notably, the novelty of this research lies in investigating the impact of perceived trust and perceived risk on MarTech usage and continuation intention of customers. 2025 Emerald Publishing Limited -
N-doped graphene quantum dots incorporated cobalt ferrite/graphitic carbon nitride ternary composite for electrochemical overall water splitting
Multicomponent electrocatalysts containing carbon supports play a crucial role in influencing the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions which enhance the total water splitting. Herein, we report a ternary composite with cobalt ferrite, graphitic carbon nitride, and N-doped graphene quantum dots prepared via hydrothermal technique. The purity of the samples is established by carrying out various characterization methods. The intrinsic characteristics of the obtained materials are investigated by employing electrocatalytic processes in an alkaline media toward hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. Cobalt ferrite/graphitic carbon nitride/N doped graphene quantum dots electrocatalyst demonstrates a very low overpotential towards hydrogen evolution reaction of 287 mV at a constant 10 mA cm?2 current density in 1.0 M KOH. Tafel slope and Rct values generated are 94 mV dec?1 and 0.86 cm2, respectively. Oxygen evolution reaction studies reveal an overpotential of 445 mV at 10 mA cm?2 with a Tafel slope of 69 mV dec?1. Finally, the cell potential needed for the cobalt ferrite/graphitic carbon nitride/N doped graphene quantum dots electrode to achieve 10 mA cm?2 in total water splitting is only 2.0 V while displaying long-term stability. 2022 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC -
N-rGO/NiCo2O4 nanocomposite for high performance supercapacitor applications
Spinel structured transition metals oxide GO/NiCo2O4 nanocomposites and nitrogen doped N-rGO/NiCo2O4 nanocomposites were developed. Powder X-ray diffraction investigations confirmed the structure. The bonding vibrations of the produced nanocomposites were confirmed using infrared and Raman spectroscopy. EDX analysis was used to determine the composition and element weights of the nanocomposites. The electrochemical properties of the nanomaterials were measured using 1M KOH electrolyte. At 5mVs?1 scan rates, cyclic voltammetry revealed a specific capacitance (Csp) of 1078.2 Fg?1 for N-rGO/NiCo2O4. The bare and nanocomposites of NiCo2O4, GO/NiCo2O4, and N-rGO/NiCo2O4 specific capacitance, charge-discharge capability, and cyclic stability were investigated. Energy density and power density of the N-rGO/NiCo2O4 nanocomposite were estimated to be 20.4 Wh kg?1 and 1300W kg?1, respectively. N-rGO//N-rGO/NiCo2O4 asymmetric supercapacitor device with Ed of 14.9 Wh kg?1 and Pd of 3500W kg?1 was fabricated. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
N-tier modelling of robust key management for secure data aggregation in wireless sensor network
Security problems in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) have been researched from more than a decade. There are various security approaches being evolving towards resisting various forms of attack using different methodologies. After reviewing the existing security approaches, it can be concluded that such security approaches are highly attack-specific and doesnt address various associated issues in WSN. It is essential for security approach to be computationally lightweight. Therefore, this paper presents a novel analytical modelling that is based on n-tier approach with a target to generate an optimized secret key that could ensure higher degree of security during the process of data aggregation in WSN. The study outcome shows that proposed system is computationally lightweight with good performance on reduced delay and reduced energy consumption. It also exhibits enhanced response time and good data delivery performance to balance the need of security and data forwarding performance in WSN. 2019 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. -
N?-[(1E)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethylidene]pyridine-3-carbohydrazide
The title compound, C14H12FN3O, adopts an E conformation with respect to the azomethine double bond whereas the N and methyl C atoms are in a Z conformation with respect to the same bond. The ketonic O and azomethine N atoms are cis to each other. The non-planar molecule [the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 7.44(11)] exists in an amido form with a C=O bond length of 1.221(2) In the crystal, a bifurcated N - H(O,N) hydrogen bond is formed between the amide H atom and the keto O and imine N atoms of an adjacent molecule, leading to the formation of chains propagating along the b-axis direction. Through a 180 rotation of the fluorophenyl ring, the F atom is disordered over two sites with an occupancy ratio of 0.632(4):0.368(4). Sreeja et al. 2014. -
N?-[(E)-1-(2-fluorophenyl)ethylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide
The title compound, C14H12FN3O, adopts an E conformation with respect to the azomethine bond. The pyridyl and fluorobenzene rings make dihedral angles of 38.58(6) and 41.61(5) respectively with the central C(=O)N2CC unit, resulting in a non-planar molecule. The intermolecular interactions comprise two classical N - H?O and N - H?N hydrogen bonds and four non-classical C - H?O and C - H?F hydrogen bonds. These interactions are augmented by a weak ?-? interaction between the benzene and pyridyl rings of neighbouring molecules, with a centroid-centroid distance of 3.9226(10) This leads to a three-dimensional supramolecular assembly in the crystal system. The F atom is disordered over two sites in a 0.559(3): 0.441(3) ratio, through a 180 rotation of the fluorobenzene ring. 2014 CrossMark. -
N?-[(E)-2-Fluorobenzylidene]benzohydrazide
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C14H 11FN2O, contains two independent molecules, both of which adopt the E conformation with respect to the azomethine C=N bond. The molecules are non-planar, with dihedral angles of 26.92 (12) and 11.36 (11) between the benzene and phenyl rings. In the crystal, molecules are linked through N-H?O=C and N-H?N hydrogen bonds into chains along [101]. C-H?O contacts link these chains into layers parallel to (001). The three-dimensional crystal packing is stabilized by ?-? interactions, the shortest separation between the centroids of benzene rings being 3.884 (1) -
N?-[(E)-Furan-2-ylmethylidene]-4-hydroxybenzohydrazide
The title compound, C12H10N2O3, exists in the E conformation. The five-membered ring and the phenyl rings form dihedral angles of 36.73 (10) and 12.22 (10), respectively, with the central C(=O)N2C unit. The crystal packing is dominated by strong N - H?O and O - H?N hydrogen bonds. Together with weaker C - H?O interactions, these establish a three-dimensional supramolecular network. -
N'-[(1E)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)Ethylidene]Pyridine-3-Carbohydrazide /
Acta Crystallographica Section E, Vol-E70(o115), ISSN-1600-5368 -
N'-[(E)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide
Acta Crystallographica Section E, Vol-E70, ISSN-1600-5368 -
N'-[(E)-Furan-2-Ylmethylidene]-4-Hydroxybenzohydrazide
Acta Crystallographica Section E, Vol-E70(o242), ISSN-1600-5368 -
Na+ doped CuO: A new paradigm electrode material for high performance supercapacitors
This study investigates the influence of sodium doping on the properties of cupric oxide (CuO) thin films synthesized via spray pyrolysis. Comprehensive characterization was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Raman spectroscopy, Hall effect measurements, and electrochemical studies. All films exhibited p-type conductivity, with an optical band gap variation from 1.53 to 1.73 eV. XRD analysis confirmed the dominance of monoclinic CuO, with minor phases of Cu2O and Cu4O3. EDAX and XPS verified the incorporation of Cu, O, and Na elements. FESEM revealed a densely packed morphology with uniform particle distribution and rough surfaces in the electrically optimized film. The Raman spectra of doped samples showed increased intensity and sharpness, attributed to Na + ion-induced polarizability enhancement. Hall effect measurements indicated a tenfold decrease in carrier concentration and a more than tenfold increase in mobility upon sodium doping. Films doped with 4 at.% sodium exhibited the lowest resistivity. Additionally, Na doping enhanced the electrochemical performance of CuO. These findings demonstrate that sodium doping significantly enhances the electrical, optical and electrochemical properties of CuO thin films, making them suitable for applications in optoelectronic devices and supercapacitors. 2024 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. -
NAFLD Detection Using Natural Gradient Boosting: A Probabilistic Ensemble Approach for Improved Accuracy and Calibration
A growing global health concern, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) must be accurately and promptly detected to avoid serious complications. This study suggests a model based on Natural Gradient Boosting (NGBoost) for accurate clinical feature-based NAFLD prediction. In contrast to traditional gradient boosting algorithms, NGBoost uses natural gradients to estimate the entire conditional probability distribution of outcomes, which enhances uncertainty quantification and calibration. Using a publicly accessible Kaggle dataset, the models performance was compared to KNN, SVM, and Decision Tree classifiers. According to experimental results, NGBoost outperformed conventional classifiers in terms of precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving the highest accuracy of 92.8%. Excellent discriminative ability was indicated by the ROC curve, and strong generalization ability with minimal overfitting was confirmed by the trainingvalidation loss analysis. These findings demonstrate how NGBoost may be used to support clinical decisions, allowing for earlier detection and treatment. Subsequent research endeavors will investigate the validation of the model on more extensive real-world datasets and broaden its relevance to additional liver-related conditions. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2026. -
Nagalands democratic paradox: where are the Naga women in politics?
[No abstract available] -
Naksha: A Lightweight Visual Packet Capture Tool Based on Location-Aware Metric
Naksha is a Visual Packet Analyzer, and Sniffer, which provides multiple visual approaches for real-time packet analysis in a geographical domain which utilizes WebSockets and long-polling based protocols in LeafletJS. It inhibits a global map which is populated by Targets, visited by a home network, these targets are connected by a 'link' whose stroke-width is determined by the packet-length. Links are animated to be approaching at different speeds proportional to their propagation latency and congestion loads. They are also animated to subtly gain translucency as they approach their Time-to-live. These packet links also show the direction of the packet (i.e outgoing, or incoming packets) and they can be classified by colour to display categorical attributes like protocol. The WebSocket based server is loop-backed to the home network to provide for robust and rapid deployment. 2024 IEEE. -
Nano Zinc Oxide Particle Synthesis from Bio-Waste Selaginella willdenowii Leaf Extract: A Multi-Faceted Approach for Environmental and Biomedical Applications
Selaginella willdenowii, a commonly used greenhouse fern, was often used as a biowaste to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in an eco-friendly and cost-effective way. UV-Visible spectra studies were carried out to confirm the synthesis of S. willdenowii-mediated ZnO NPs (SW-ZnO NPs), and a peak at 367nm with a sharp band gap of 3.415eV was observed. The X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the crystalline size of the synthesized SW-ZnO NPs was 11.971nm. The phytochemicals present in the extracts and the compounds involved in the reduction of metal to nanoparticles were determined by Fourier Transform Infrared analysis. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to analyze the surface morphology and size of the obtained SW-ZnO NPs. The examination revealed that they exhibited a hexagonal shape, with an average size falling within the range of 17-23nm. Under ultra-violet light, reactive blue 220 and reactive yellow 145 dyes showed 78.06% and 60.14% degradation, showing potential photocatalytic degradation activity. The synthesized SW-ZnO NPs also exhibited antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains (Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis) and fungal cultures (Candida tropicalis and Candida albicans) showed cytotoxic activity against Hep-G2 cell lines. Our results suggest the green synthesized SW-ZnO NPs have potential photocatalytic, antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential. 2024 World Scientific Publishing Company.