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PSA-MP: Path Selection Algorithm for MANET depends on Mobility Prediction to Enhance Link Stability
Link failure is a much crucial issue to be addressed for improving the stability of the routing. Selection of a stable path is an important task since nodes are mobile. The instability of a link leads to frequent link failure, which further causes to link re-establishment. In this paper, a Path Selection Algorithm based on Mobility Prediction (PSA-MP) is proposed that uses Mobility, Direction and Link Expiration Time (LET) as metrics to evaluate the link stability. In the existing algorithm, if any link gets fails during the link-establishment phase, it informs the previous node for selecting alternate link. But, in PSA-MP the alternate link is selected before a link fails by predicting Mobility, Direction and LET of nodes. As a result, it reduces link re-establishment delay. Ultimately, PSA-MP reduces E2Edelay, which in turn boosts Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR). Eventually, link stability is enhanced in MANETs, which is the focus of this paper. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. -
The development and validation of digital amnesia scale
The usage of digital devices has increased rapidly in recent times due to the expansion of online learning platforms, leading to greater reliance on them. As a result, people forget simple information, dates, and appointments that might lead to digital amnesia. Hence, we aimed to develop and validate a digital amnesia scale (DAS). The study was carried out in two studies. In the first study, we collected data from 616 college students to examine the factor structure of the model and its underlying dimensions for a large pool of items. These analyses showed that the scale formed a three-dimensional structure: digital distraction, digital dependency, and digital detox. In the second study, we collected data from 383 college students to confirm the three-factor structure of the DAS. A satisfactory level of reliability was demonstrated by McDonalds ? value for the dimensions. The testretest reliability was found to be 0.76. The DAS had satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity. This scale could be useful for both researchers and educators to assess digital amnesia among college students. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
The moderating effect of gender on the relationship between digital intelligence and digital amnesia
Digital amnesia refers to the phenomenon where people tend to forget information that they store digitally, and relying heavily on digital devices to remember the information. The ease of access to digital devices may encourage digital dependence, which could lead to digital amnesia. This study provides a preliminary understanding of the association between digital intelligence and digital amnesia among college students and the moderating role of gender in the relationship. This cross-sectional study has employed a stratified random sampling technique to recruit 1265 students via the survey method. The results revealed a significant negative association between digital amnesia and digital intelligence. Findings also indicated that males reported having higher level of digital amnesia, and females reported higher level of digital intelligence. Furthermore, gender played a significant moderator role between digital amnesia and digital intelligence. Overall, this study has provided a novel finding of the moderating role of gender in relationship between digital amnesia and digital intelligence in the Indian context. Furthermore, the scores of digital amnesia in this study raise a concern over the effectiveness of current sex education in India. The scores may underscore the need for educational initiatives that address the adverse effects of digital amnesia and emphasize the importance of promoting digital intelligence. The Author(s) 2025. -
Digital arrest in the cyber age: a psychological perspective on fear, authority, and consciousness
Digital arrest is an emerging form of cyber deception wherein cybercriminals impersonate law enforcement or other authorities to falsely claim legal authority to arrest individuals through digital means, often via phone calls or online communication channels. As digital technology increasingly permeates daily life, such deceptive tactics pose serious threats to individuals' security and psychological well-being. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for understanding the phenomenon of digital arrest, differentiating it from other cybercrimes like phishing, vishing, and social engineering. The paper examines the psychological mechanisms underlying such scams, including the exploitation of fear, authority, and urgency, as well as the social implications of digital deception. Ultimately, the paper highlights the necessity for future research to empirically assess and evaluate the effectiveness of preventive measures and strategies aimed at reducing victimization. This conceptual paper aims to raise awareness of digital arrest as a distinct form of cyber threat and contribute to the growing body of literature on digital scams and their psychological consequences. Copyright 2026 Robert, Singh, Pandey and Bhuyan. -
The Interaction Jigsaw: investigating star formation in interacting galaxies
Interaction between galaxies plays a pivotal role in their evolution. Ongoing star formation in spiral galaxies can be affected by these processes. Interacting galaxy pairs provide an opportunity to study these effects. We select a sample of interacting galaxies in field environments at various interaction stages and are nearly face-on and chose galaxy pairs NGC 2207/IC 2163, NGC 4017/4016 (ARP 305), and NGC 7753/7752 (ARP 86). We use the UltraViolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) onboard AstroSat to characterize the star-forming regions in the galaxy with a superior resolution of ? 1.4 arcsec. We identified and characterized star-forming regions in the UVIT images of the sample and correlated them with the neutral hydrogen (H I) distribution. We detected localized regions of enhancement in star formation surface density (?SFR) and distortions in the sample of galaxies. We found this consistent with the distribution of H I in the galaxy. These are possible evidence of past and ongoing interactions affecting the star formation properties in the galaxies. We then conducted a study to understand whether the observed enhancements hold true for a wider sample of interacting galaxies. We observe a moderate enhancement in the star formation rate (SFR) with the interaction class, with a maximum of 1.8 being in the merger class of galaxies. We studied the SFR enhancement for the main galaxies in our sample as a function of pair mass ratio and pair separation. We observe a strong anticorrelation between the SFR enhancement and pair mass ratio and no linear correlation between the enhancement and pair separation. This suggests that the enhancement in interaction-induced star formation may be more strongly influenced by the pair mass ratios, rather than the pair separation. We also infer that the pair separation can possibly act as a limiting parameter for the SFR enhancement. 2024 The Author(s). -
What drives the wheels of evolution in NGC 1512?: A UVIT study
Context. Environmental and secular processes play a pivotal role in the evolution of galaxies. These can be external processes such as interactions or internal processes linked to the action of bar, bulge, and spiral structures. Ongoing star formation in spiral galaxies can be affected by these processes. By studying the star formation progression in the galaxy, we can gain insights into the role of different processes that regulate the overall evolution of a galaxy. Aims. The ongoing interaction between the barred-spiral galaxy NGC 1512 and its satellite NGC 1510 offers an opportunity to inves- tigate how galactic interactions and the presence of a galactic bar influence the evolution of NGC 1512. We aim to understand the recent star formation activity in the galaxy pair and thus gain insight into the evolution of NGC 1512. Methods. The UltraViolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) on board AstroSat enables us to characterise the star-forming regions in the galaxy with a superior spatial resolution of ?85 pc in the galaxy rest frame. We identified and characterised 175 star-forming regions in the UVIT far-ultraviolet (FUV) image of NGC 1512 and correlated with the neutral hydrogen (Hi) distribution. Extinction correc- tion was applied to the estimated photometric magnitude. We traced the star-forming spiral arms of the galaxy and studied the star formation properties across the galaxy in detail. Results. We detect localised regions of star-formation enhancement and distortions in the galactic disc. We find this to be consistent with the distribution of Hi in the galaxy. This is evidence of past and ongoing interactions affecting the star formation properties of the galaxy. We studied the properties of the inner ring. We find that the regions of the inner ring show maximum star-formation-rate density (log(SFRDmean[M yr?1 kpc?2]) ? ?1.7) near the major axis of the bar, hinting at a possible crowding effect in these regions. The region of the bar in the galaxy is also depleted of UV emission. This absence suggests that the galactic bar may have played an active role in the redistribution of gas and quenching of star formation inside the identified bar region. We therefore suggest that both secular and environmental factors might be influencing the evolution of NGC 1512. The Authors 2023. -
Quarter-life Crisis Episodes in Emerging Adulthood: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Data From Eight Countries
Developmental crisis episodes that occur during emerging adulthood, also known as quarter-life crises, are emotionally unstable times of transition that typically last around a year or two. This study aims to expand the cross-cultural focus on this topic, by assessing prevalence and brief written descriptions of early adult crisis in 1829-year-olds from eight countries (UK, Greece, Czechia, Turkey, India, Pakistan, Indonesia and Brazil), with a total sample of N = 2,247, with the objective of exploring similarities and differences across cultures. Crisis prevalence rates found ranged from 40% to 77% per country. Thematic analysis of descriptions of crisis elicited external and internal crisis features. With regards to external features, the most prevalent were career transition, financial difficulties, studying-based stress and struggle, and family difficulties. Internal features that were most prevalent were feeling fearful/anxious/worried, negative self-evaluation, feeling sad/down, and feelings of confusion/uncertainty. The findings align with existing research on early adult crisis, pointing to both cross-cultural similarities and differences. 2025 Society for the Study of Emerging Adulthood and SAGE Publishing. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). -
Brand anthropomorphisms impact on real estate purchase decisions of young buyers in India and the underlying reliance on spatial memory
Purpose: Assessing anthropomorphic tendency in relation to real estate purchase decisions and analysing the elements of friendliness, aggressiveness, pleasure and arousal as a link to the spatial memory of the consumer. This study aims to help brands and advertisers in the real estate industry to create meaningful consumer relationships by using elements that are associated with positive spatial experience. By formulating a detailed questionnaire with adapted variables from proven research and a multilayered approach of theoretic and practical analysis, this paper situates the identified variables in the plane of space and customer experience. Design/methodology/approach: By using structural equation modeling, this study analyses a sample data of 411 consumers and their response to elements of housing. Findings: The findings of this study showed that variables of friendliness, aggressiveness, pleasure and arousal significantly impact consumers real estate purchase decision; however, anthropomorphic tendency does not have a significant impact. Through theoretical analysis, it was found that spatial memory may have a role in the visual and display of the variables. Originality/value: The merit of this paper lies in the discussion it has raised with regard to the intersection between theoretics of space and the chosen variables. In the field of business and management, often philosophical implications of spatiality may not be actively associated with numerical computation. This paper not only looks at brand anthropomorphisms impact on real estate purchase decisions but also looks at friendliness and other mentioned variables as significantly impacting purchase decisions and linked to memory, space and affiliation. 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Scalable, Cost Effective IoT Based Medical Oxygen Monitoring System for Resource Constrained Hospital Environment
Oxygen therapy is one of the critical treatments employed in epidemics, pandemics, and natural calamities. Recent covid pandemic worldwide witnessed many deaths due to improper management, delayed delivery, and wastage of medical oxygen. Therefore, efficient utilization of available oxygen is very important. To monitor and manage oxygen, several hospitals employ IoT-based systems. Scalability is an essential feature in such monitoring systems in order to cater to the needs of a sudden surge in the number of patients requiring oxygen. The most commonly employed technique to monitor and manage an oxygen cylinder uses a pressure sensor where scaling up is an issue. Therefore, in this paper, a scalable solution that efficiently measures and monitors the available oxygen in the cylinder is proposed. The approach measures oxygen level using a weight sensor module and raises alerts during critical conditions such as low oxygen level and blockage or leakage of oxygen. The proposed system is a cost-effective, plug-and-play system that aids rapid deployment thereby providing timely care to the patients. Also, it does not require any change in the existing infrastructure making it suitable for a resource-constrained environment. The proposed system supports a web-based dashboard and mobile app that can be remotely accessed. 2022 IEEE. -
Narrowband and Wideband Directional Beamformer with Reduced Side Lobe Level
In this paper, the synthesis of narrow and wideband beamformers with reduced side lobe level and wide beam steering capability is presented. A closed form expression with slope equalization technique is derived for array factor of the beamformer to meet the desired beam-pattern specifications of Half Power Beam-Width (HPBW)and Side Lobe Level (SLL). The proposed beamformer design is adaptable to any bandwidth and null placement in the desired direction. The slope equalization method improves the SLL of the beamformer. Compared to Kaiser, Chebyshev, DPSS and Taylor beamformers, the proposed narrowband and wideband beamformers exhibit lower and tapered side lobes, hence improved First Null to Last Null (FNLN)ratio. The proposed wideband beamformer exhibits superior performance in the wideband frequency range of 1-3GHz. 2019 IEEE. -
A Study of Financialization of Commodity Markets in India
For numerous financial institutions, Commodity Futures (CF) has emerged as a widespread asset class since the 2000s. From 2000 to 2010, the estimation of the number of commodity index traders quadrupled, also, the number of hedge funds tripled. Recently, it has been noticed that in India, there occurs a vast inflow of investment toward the CF. Simultaneously, there occurs a problem of extremely higher prices along with volatility in commodity prices in India. However, studies on the financialization of the Commodity Market (CM) in India are not sufficient. This study was presented for analyzing the role of the financialization of CMs in India. Analyzing the association betweenCMs and equities markets in India is the major intention behind this study. Here, the Indian- MCX of India, the NSE of India, and the S&P500 Index are the sources from where the data has been gleaned. The outcome has been evaluated by utilizing a vector autoregression. The output demonstrated that no positive interdependence was exhibited by the correlation betwixt MCX Comdex returns and CNX Nifty. Consequently, a higher percentage of the mean value was attained by the commodity of daily returns of metal of commodity of agriculture. 2023 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved. -
Recent Advances in Electrochemical Synthesis of Nitriles: A Sustainable Approach
Nitriles unveil widespread applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, textiles, rubber, polymers, and constitute a significant intermediate in several organic transformations, necessitating the design of simple and environmentally benign pathways for their synthesis. Over the recent years, electro-organic reactions have found widespread attention in developing effective and selective organic synthesis. They possess several advantages: high atom economy, selectivity, minimal waste production, and shorter routes to multistep traditional organic reactions. The development of novel strategies for greener and sustainable electro-organic synthesis of nitriles is therefore commendable. This review focuses on analyzing various methods and strategies used in the electrochemical synthesis of nitriles using phase transfer catalyst, N-oxoammonium salts mediated electrocatalysis, iodine-mediated electrocatalysis, and anodic oxidations of aldoximes. In addition, the recent trends including the synthesis of nitriles via C?H cyanation, domino oxidation, bio electrocatalysis, and metal-ligand cooperative synthesis have been discussed. 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Co-Electrodeposited Pi-MnO2-rGO as an Efficient Electrode for the Selective Oxidation of Piperonyl Alcohol
Pi-MnO2-rGO-CFP electrode was developed through a concurrent deposition of Pi-MnO2 and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on carbon fiber paper (CFP). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance studies (EIS) were applied for the electrochemical characterization of the electrode. The electro catalytic activity of the modified electrode was improved by the increased synergistic characteristics of the CFP and electrochemically deposited rGO-Pi-MnO2 composite. The performance of the modified electrode was remarkable due to its lowest charge transfer resistance (R ct), and highest surface area offering more active sites and quicker electron transport kinetics. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and optical profilometry (OP) were employed to study the physicochemical properties. Furthermore, the modified electrode was availed to oxidize piperonyl alcohol mediated by 4-acetamido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (4-acetamido TEMPO or 4-ACT). The product obtained was purified and characterized by 1HNMR. The turnover frequency of 4-ACT was studied at different concentrations of the reactant, and the reaction parameters were also optimized using statistical tool design of experiment. This methodology is demonstrated to be economical, environmentally benign, and highly efficient in obtaining piperonal as it is carried out under milder reaction conditions. 2023 The Electrochemical Society (ECS). Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited. -
Pi-MnO2 decorated poly-3-thienylacetic acid on carbon fiber paper for electrochemical synthesis of 2-formyl-thiophene
Sustainable and environmentally benign synthesis methods have captured researchers' minds in recent times and have contributed a lot towards the green synthesis of organic compounds. This work presents an efficient green method for synthesizing 2-formyl thiophene using a newly designed Pi-MnO2 deposited on poly-3-thienylacetic acid coated Toray carbon fiber paper (PThAA-Pi-MnO2-TCFP) electrode. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and bulk electrolysis (BE) techniques were employed for the optimization and synthesis of 2-formyl thiophene and the product obtained was characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) spectroscopy. The efficacy of the developed electrode was examined by different electrochemical and physicochemical studies. It is an intriguing approach for the 4-acetamido-TEMPO (4-ACT) mediated, PThAA-Pi-MnO2-TCFP catalyzed electro-oxidation of thiophene-2-ylmethanol (TM). This method is handy and reasonably practical since the developed electrocatalyst is inexpensive, and the synthesis is environmentally benign. Hence it is a highly efficient method for synthesizing 2-formyl thiophene, a much sought-after starting material in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and cosmetics. 2023 -
Indole-3-Carbinol Upconversion with Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Supported Graphitic Carbon Nitride: A Sustainable Approach
Electro-organic chemistry offers a sustainable and efficient approach to organic synthesis by utilizing electrochemical processes. This field has gained significant attention due to its potential for minimizing waste, reducing energy consumption, and enabling selective transformations. Herein, we report the development of a graphitic carbon nitride-coated carbon fiber electrode modified with electropolymerized amino-2-thiazole and electrodeposited Cu2O nanoparticles from copper nitrate trihydrate for the oxidation of Indole-3-carbinol (IC). Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies were carried out to characterize the developed electrode. Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and bulk electrolysis techniques were employed for the electrochemical studies. The enhanced electrochemical activity of the Cu2O-pAT-GCN-TCFP electrode compared to the individual GCN and polymer electrode was studied using electrochemical characterization, which revealed a 3-fold increase in the current response for Cu2O-pAT-GCN-TCFP (0.0011 A) compared to the bare electrode. The reaction was carried out using an aqueous carbonate buffer solution as an electrolyte via bulk electrolysis at a set potential of 0.82 V. The product obtained was isolated by column chromatography to obtain a yield of 74% and characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. Additionally, the Cu2O-pAT-GCN-TCFP electrode was studied for its stability, reproducibility, and selectivity. 2024 The Electrochemical Society (ECS). Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved. -
ZnO nanorods on POPD/GCN/TCFP with ternary synergy for promoting electro-oxidation of furfuryl alcohol
In this work, Poly(o-phenylenediamine) (POPD) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were electrochemically deposited on GCN (graphitic carbon nitride) coated TCFP (Toray carbon fiber paper) electrode. The modified electrode ZnO-POPD-GCN-TCFP was assessed by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies. The electrochemical studies were carried out via cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) methods. The developed electrode was employed for the oxidation of furfuryl alcohol (FA) using 4-ACT (4-acetamido TEMPO) as a mediator in an alkaline medium via bulk electrolysis. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the final product. The oxidation of FA to furfural was accelerated by the heterogeneous catalyst ZnO-POPD-GCN-TCFP electrode owing to its good electrocatalytic activity and stability. Hence, a sustainable electrochemical method for synthesizing furfural, with significance in the realm of green chemistry, was developed. The Electro-oxidation of FA offers a clean alternative to traditional methods utilizing electricity, potentially from renewable sources, to drive the reaction, reducing reliance on harsh chemicals and minimizing environmental impact. By adjusting parameters like electrode potential and electrolyte composition, it is possible to optimize the reaction conditions for furfural production with optimal yield, which has several applications in daily life. 2024 Elsevier Ltd -
Recent advances in electrochemical synthesis of nitriles: A sustainable approach /
ChemistrySelect, Vol.7, Issue 12, ISSN No: 2365-6549.
Nitriles unveil widespread applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, textiles, rubber, polymers, and constitute a significant intermediate in several organic transformations, necessitating the design of simple and environmentally benign pathways for their synthesis. Over the recent years, electro-organic reactions have found widespread attention in developing effective and selective organic synthesis. They possess several advantages: high atom economy, selectivity, minimal waste production, and shorter routes to multistep traditional organic reactions. The development of novel strategies for greener and sustainable electro-organic synthesis of nitriles is therefore commendable. -
DPETAs: Detection and Prevention of Evil Twin Attacks on Wi-Fi Networks
Numerous types of threats could become vulnerable to Wi-Fi networks. In terms of preventing and reducing their effect on the networks, it has become an imperative activity of any user to understand the threats. Even after thoroughly encrypting them, the route between the attackers device and the victims device may even be vulnerable to security attacks on Wi-Fi networks. It has also been noted that there are current shortcomings on Wi-Fi security protocols and hardware modules that are available in the market. Any device connected to the network could be a possible primary interface for attackers. Wi-Fi networks that are available in the transmission range are vulnerable to threats. For instance, if an Access Point(AP) has no encrypted traffic while it is attached to a Wi-Fi network, an intruder may run a background check to launch the attack.And then, attackers could launch more possible attacks in the targeted network, in which the Evil Twin attack have become the most prominent. This Evil Twin attack in a Wi-Fi network is a unique outbreak mostly used by attackers to make intrusion or to establish an infection where the users are exploited to connect with a victims network through a nearby access point. So, there are more chance to get users credentials by the perpetrators. An intruder wisely introduces a fake access point that is equivalent to something looks like an original access point near the network premises in this case. So, an attacker is capable of compromising the network when a user unconsciously enters by using this fake access point. Attackers could also intercept the traffic and even the login credentials used after breaching insecure networks. This could enable monitoring the users and perhaps even manipulating the behavior patterns of an authorized network user smoother for attackers. The key consideration of this research paper is the identification and avoidance of the Evil Twin attack over any Wi-Fi networks. It is named as DPETAs to address the strategies that intruders use to extract identities and what users need to do to keep them out of the networks. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Role of Metacognition in natural and Artificial systems
International proceedings of Computer Science and Information Technology, Vol. 37, pp. 34-99 ISSN No. 2010-460X -
Comparison of genetic algorithm with Particle Swarm Optimisation, ant colony optimisation and Tabu search based on university course scheduling system
Objectives: Planning and allocation of the various resources according to the constraints is a hilarious task. The paper aims to find a suitable method to solve the university course scheduling problem. Methods and Statistical Analysis: This paper compares the usage of Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO), Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO), Tabu Search and Genetic Algorithm (GA) in the preparation of University Course Scheduling System. Certain hard constraints, which has to be satisfied and some soft constraints that can be satisfied are considered. Findings: The algorithm should check for the satisfaction of the hard constraints and the possibility of satisfying the soft constraints. Application/Improvements: The performance of the suitable method is found by comparing with the other methods based on various parameters.