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Pneumonia Detection using Ensemble Transfer Learning
Pneumonia is among the most common illnesses and causes to death among the young children worldwide. It is more serious in under-developed countries as it is hard to diagnose due to the absence of specialists. Chest X-ray images have essentially been utilized in the diagnosis of this disease. Examining chest X-rays is a difficult task, even for an experienced radiologist. Information Technology, especially Artificial Intelligence, have started contributing to accurate diagnosis of pneumonia from chest X-ray images. In this work, we used deep learning, transfer learning, and ensemble voting to increase the accuracy of pneumonia detection. The models utilized are VGG16, MobileNetV2, and InceptionV3, all pre-trained on ImageNet, and used the Kaggle RSNA CXR image dataset. The results from these models are ensembled using the weighted average ensemble approach to achieve better accuracy and obtained 98.63% test accuracy. The results are promising, and the proposed model can assist doctors in detecting pneumonia quickly and accurately from Chest X-Ray. 2022 IEEE. -
Poetry writing can enhance character formation in school students through the application of rational emotive behavior theory
This study explores the role of poetry writing and the ABC model of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) in promoting character development and moral behavior among students. The study used DAS SF1 and SF2 and assessed poetic talent using a poetry attitude and knowledge test. Forty-eight students were selected using the purposive method from five Convent schools, along with five teachers. Following a two-month intervention of 30 sessions, the researcher conducted interviews to evaluate the methods efficacy. Content analysis of the integrated poetry writing and REBT program was performed using NVivo, while both quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using SPSS. The study found significant positive correlations between the integration of REBT and improved behavior, suggesting that incorporating poetry writing into the curriculum can enhance students behavior and attitudes. 2024 National Association for Poetry Therapy. -
Poetry writing can enhance character formation in school students through the application of rational emotive behavior theory
This study explores the role of poetry writing and the ABC model of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) in promoting character development and moral behavior among students. The study used DAS SF1 and SF2 and assessed poetic talent using a poetry attitude and knowledge test. Forty-eight students were selected using the purposive method from five Convent schools, along with five teachers. Following a two-month intervention of 30 sessions, the researcher conducted interviews to evaluate the methods efficacy. Content analysis of the integrated poetry writing and REBT program was performed using NVivo, while both quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using SPSS. The study found significant positive correlations between the integration of REBT and improved behavior, suggesting that incorporating poetry writing into the curriculum can enhance students behavior and attitudes. 2024 National Association for Poetry Therapy. -
Polarity detection on real-time news data using opinion mining
Sentimental Analysis or Opinion Mining plays a vital role in the experimentation field that determines the users opinions, emotions and sentiments concealing a text. News on the Internet is becoming vast, and it is drawing attention and has reached the point of adequately affecting political and social realities. The popular way of checking online content, i.e. manual knowledge-based on the facts, is practically impossible because of the enormous amount of data that has now generated online. The issue can address by using Machine Learning Algorithms and Artificial Intelligence. One of the Machine Learning techniques used in this is Naive Bayes classifier. In this paper, the polarity of the news article determined whether the given news article is a positive, negative or neutral Naive Bayes Classifier, which works well with NLP (Natural Language problems) used for many purposes. It is a family of probabilistic algorithms that used to identify a word from a given text. In this, we calculate the probability of each word in a given text. Using Bayes theorem, they are getting the probabilities based on the given conditions. Topic Modeling is analytical modelling for finding the abstract of topics from a cluster of documents. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is a topic model is used to classify the text in a given document to a specified topic. The news article is classified as positive or negative or neutral using Naive Bayes classifier by calculating the probabilities of each word from a given news article. By using topic modelling (LDA), topics of articles are detected and record data separately. The calculation of the overall sentiment of a chosen topic from different newspapers from previously recorded data done. 2020 The authors and IOS Press. -
Policies and metrics for schedulers in cloud data-centers using CloudSim simulator
Todays cloud technology consumers must address escalating computing and storage demands for services and applications. However, decision-making on provisioning and scheduling is challenging due to varying workflow demands within Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). This study formulates an optimization problem with multiple objectives to identify optimal policies, employing heuristic metrics through cloud simulation similar to AWS EC2 instances. Experiments involve two task scheduler types, time-shared and space-shared, aimed at minimizing execution time and cost. The study introduces two novel algorithms, SLB and MinMax, for comparison with standard algorithms. It emphasizes the importance of precise quantification of uncertainty in cloud storage allocation and highlights the state-of-the-art policies and metrics achieved through virtualization techniques. The studys novelty lies in simulating both policies at two levels and proposing a novel algorithm for multi-objective optimization while providing cost and time measurements. Contributions include experimenting with various combinations, applying heuristics to entire data center entities, proposing a novel algorithm, and offering cost and time measurements for the optimizations. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Policies and metrics for schedulers in cloud data-centers using CloudSim simulator
Todays cloud technology consumers must address escalating computing and storage demands for services and applications. However, decision-making on provisioning and scheduling is challenging due to varying workflow demands within Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). This study formulates an optimization problem with multiple objectives to identify optimal policies, employing heuristic metrics through cloud simulation similar to AWS EC2 instances. Experiments involve two task scheduler types, time-shared and space-shared, aimed at minimizing execution time and cost. The study introduces two novel algorithms, SLB and MinMax, for comparison with standard algorithms. It emphasizes the importance of precise quantification of uncertainty in cloud storage allocation and highlights the state-of-the-art policies and metrics achieved through virtualization techniques. The studys novelty lies in simulating both policies at two levels and proposing a novel algorithm for multi-objective optimization while providing cost and time measurements. Contributions include experimenting with various combinations, applying heuristics to entire data center entities, proposing a novel algorithm, and offering cost and time measurements for the optimizations. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. -
Policy Intervention Towards Ecological Balance Through Reduction of Carbon Footprint in India
India is experiencing unprecedented urbanisation and industrialisation with consequential carbon emission, which significantly increases the gap between international commitments and reality. This paper explores the recent policy initiatives aimed at achieving promised indicators and engage in recent developments on decarbonisation. The paper further identifies the gap between sustainable development and economic advancement. The paper reflects on the recent carbon-mitigating policies adopted by India. A doctrinal research strategy has been used to address this issue. International, foreign and domestic policies have been discussed to understand the impact of these policies on climate change crisis. Models from other nations were also evaluated, taking into consideration India's unique socio-economic context. This research aims to identify adaptable techniques to effectively manage emissions in critical sectors, including energy, transport and industry. The paper proposes a set of concrete policy interventions that can promote ecological balance while sustaining economic development. Once the regulatory bodies initiate appropriate implementation of these policies, the carbon emissions in India shall be more resilient and effective. 2026 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. -
Policy Landscape and Incentives on AIPowered Green Finance
The application of AI in green finance has enormous potential to tackle climate change, but its effect would be determined by the strength and integrity of governance mechanisms as well as well- designed incentives. Good policy serves to set the bar but also incentives and responsible use in finance in AI applications. In the absence of such governance, exposures including algorithmic discrimination, data mining and unequal access to technology are likely to compound rather than advance social goals. Thus, AI governance has become a priority for governments, financial regulators and multilateral organisations. Policy frameworks achieve two parallel goals: on the one hand they provide boundaries to invest in technology and at the same time these very policy mechanisms direct capital towards environmentally friendly investment through incentives like tax benefits, financial grants, green debts etc. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Policy, Standards, and Regulations for Sustainable Internet of Vehicles: Navigating the Future of Smart Mobility
The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) represents a transformative shift in smart mobility, integrating connected and autonomous vehicles with intelligent infrastructure. However, achieving a sustainable IoV ecosystem necessitates robust policies, standards, and regulations to address ethical, and legal challenges. This chapter explores the regulatory frameworks governing IoV sustainability, including emission controls, energy efficiency mandates, and circular economy principles. It examines ethical and legal dimensions, such as liability in autonomous systems, data protection laws, and cybersecurity protocols. Additionally, it highlights international standardization efforts and policy strategies to balance technological innovation with socio-economic and environmental sustainability. By analyzing existing regulatory gaps, the chapter provides actionable insights for policymakers and researchers. A harmonized regulatory approach is critical to fostering sustainable, efficient, and ethically responsible IoV ecosystem, ensuring long-term resilience and equitable access to smart mobility. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Political Empowerment via Social Media? Following Political Influencers, Internal Political Efficacy, and Participation Among Youth
As the generations are moving ahead, do political leaders need to have an active presence on social platforms? The purpose of the study is to examine the impact of the online presence of politics on youth and whether there is any impact of online presence on national political efficacy. The study relies on secondary data collected from the extensive literature of scholarly articles to check the influence of social presence and its impact on the current generation. The findings of the study have revealed that social media has a significant influence on shaping ones opinion, regardless of age, and harnessing the social presence can be utilized as a proper tool to influence social opinion polls, and the study underscores the importance of digital engagement by political leaders. A strong, authentic presence on social media could serve not just for image building but for actively shaping public discourse and enhancing democratic participation, especially among younger demographics. While many studies explore political communication, this work situates itself uniquely in the digital-native context, focusing on evolving generational expectations of political visibility online. 2026 The authors. -
Political Optimizer Algorithm for Optimal Location and Sizing of Photovoltaic Distribution Generation in Electrical Distribution Network
In this paper, the political optimizer (PO), a new and efficient socio-inspired meta-heuristic search algorithm, is proposed for the first time in this research for determining the ideal locations and capacities of photovoltaic (PV) distribution generation (DG) in electrical distribution networks (EDN). A multi-objective function is designed to lower distribution losses and voltage deviation indexes and maximize voltage stability, among other objectives. The computational efficiency of PO when solving the optimal allocation of PV systems in EDN is investigated on an IEEE 33-bus EDN. The results indicate that integrating small DGs at multiple locations has a better EDN performance than integrating a single significant DG in the network. The results also suggest that, as demonstrated by a comparative analysis of PO results and those of other related literature works, PO can deal with complex multi-variable optimization problems. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Political Optimizer-Based Optimal Integration of Soft Open Points and Renewable Sources for Improving Resilience in Radial Distribution System
A novel and simple meta-heuristic optimization technique viz., political optimizer (PO) is proposed in this paper to identify the size and optimal location of solar photovoltaic (SPV) system. The main objective is to minimize the distribution loss and is solved using proposed PO. The computational efficiency of PO is compared with the literature, and its superiority is highlighted in terms of global solution at initial stage. The physical requirements of SPV system via soft open points (SOPs) among multiple laterals are solved considering radiality constraints in second stage. The proposed concept of interoperable-photovoltaic (I-PV) system has been applied on standard IEEE 69-bus system and has shown the effectiveness in performance enhancement of the system. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Pollination versus carnivory: functional distribution of naphthoquinones in Nepenthes khasiana
Nepenthes, a major genus of carnivorous plants, secrete floral and extrafloral nectars (FN and EFN) in their flowers and pitchers, respectively. Recently we demonstrated Nepenthes khasiana EFN as a sugar mix with minimal nitrogenous metabolites and vitamin C. N. khasiana EFN showed insect toxicity due to its strong acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, and the active principle has been characterized as the naphthoquinone derivative, (+)-isoshinanolone. These findings prompted us to study the chemical composition and toxicity of N. khasiana FN. N. khasiana FN was analyzed for its sugars, amino acids, proteins, fatty acids and vitamin C by HPTLC-densitometry, UFLC, GCMS and biochemical assays. C:N ratio and naphthoquinones were analyzed by CHNS analyzer, headspace-GCMS, and GC-FID, respectively. Toxicity of FN and the naphthoquinone droserone, found in its pitcher fluid, was evaluated using the AChE inhibition assay. N. khasiana FN showed a similar chemical pattern as its EFN, viz., sugar (Glc-Fru-Suc)-mix with minimal amino acids, vitamin C, and moderate protein and fatty acid contents. It showed fairly high C:N ratio. The naphthoquinone, plumbagin, was the major volatile constituent in N. khasiana flowers. Crucially, the AChE inhibitors, (+)-isoshinanolone and plumbagin, were absent in N. khasiana FN, which showed no AChE inhibition. Droserone, however, exhibited strong AChE inhibitory activity. The chemical profiles of EFN and FN reflect a nitrogen-limited metabolism in N. khasiana. Notably, the functional allocation of neurotoxic naphthoquinones abundant in EFN, absent in FN, and present in the pitcher fluid reflects an adaptive strategy that optimizes both nutritional gain through prey capture and reproductive success through pollination. 2026 Wiley-VCH GmbH. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
Pollution forecast of united states using holt-winter exponential method
The United States is the world's most developed country and one of the top ten most air polluted countries in the world. Though the population is not very dense as in India or China, people face immense health problems. The US government is taking a lot of initiatives than any other government globally. However, it still faces issues. This paper mainly focuses on developing a forecasting model of the top four pollutants like SO2, NO2, CO, O3 that will help the country take necessary actions for the near future. This paper involves the secondary data of the daily pollution collected and merged for all states from 2007 to 2017. The forecast will throw the better output at the pollutants for the next four years, until 2021. The findings revealed that despite the increased GDP, the country had controlled the pollution level. NO2 has decreased to a better level. O3 and CO2 are also decreasing but has slight fluctuations. It will take some time to stabilize. SO2 had an increased level till 2017 and has started reducing afterwards. 2021 Ecological Society of India. All rights reserved. -
Pollution Haven Hypothesis and the Bilateral Trade Between India and China
The pollution haven hypothesis is studied from a bilateral trade perspective in this study, taking the reference of two Asian giants, namely, India and China. For this purpose, trade in pollution-intensive industries is analysed using data collected from the United Nations Comtrade dataset based on Standard Industrial Trade Classification codes for 19922019. The analysis helps us argue that between the two, China's demand is more pollution-intensive and India is the major supplier of pollution-intensive products. From an environmental perspective, this implies that China seems to be gaining from trade, and India is becoming a pollution haven in its trade with China. The Author(s) 2023. -
Poly(aniline) decorated with nanocactus platinum on carbon fiber paper and its electrocatalytic behavior toward toluene oxidation
Electrochemically deposited polymeric film of polyaniline (PANI) is used as a substrate for electrochemical deposition of platinum by using cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical properties of multi-layered films were analyzed by cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance spectroscopy. The structural properties of multi-layered polymer films were analyzed by SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, Raman and FTIR. The modified electrode showed strong electrocatalytic activity toward oxidation of toluene in presence of NaNO 2 /H 2 SO 4 in actetonitrile medium. Toluene gave a sensitive anodic peak at 1.318 V (vs. SCE). Cyclic voltammetry studies suggest that the electrochemical activity of Pt-PANI/CFP electrode is higher than that of Pt/CFP electrode toward toluene oxidation. 2018 The Electrochemical Society. -
Poly(vinyl alcohol)bismuth oxide composites for X-ray and ?-ray shielding applications
Polymer composites, which are light in weight, cost effective, and less toxic, have potential applications in X-ray and ?-ray shielding and protection. In this work, we have explored the efficacy of poly(vinyl alcohol)bismuth oxide composites as radiation shielding materials. Poly(vinyl alcohol) composites with different wt % (050) of bismuth were prepared by a simple solution casting technique. Structural and thermal characterization of these samples was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TGA revealed the enhanced thermal stability of these composites. AC conductivity measurements and optical spectroscopy were used to analyze their electrical behavior. The composites showed low conductivity, and the energy gap obtained also showed their tendency to be insulators. The radiation attenuation properties were investigated using X-ray (5.895 and 6.490 keV) and ?-ray (59.54 and 662 keV) transmission measurements. The shielding efficiency of the composites increased with filler wt %. The 40 wt % composites exhibited mass attenuation coefficients of 122.68 and 93.02 cm2/g at photon energies of 5.895 and 6.490 keV, respectively, while the 50 wt % composites showed 1.57 and 0.092 cm2/g at photon energies of 59.54 and 662 keV, respectively. The effective atomic number quantifies the probability of interaction of radiation with matter. The effective atomic number of the composites calculated by the direct method was in good agreement with the theoretical value obtained from Auto-Zeff software. 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47949. 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. -
Polyamines influence the production of Boeravinone-B from cell suspension cultures of Boerhavia diffusa L.
Boerhavia diffusa L. (Punarnava) is an ayurvedic herb with a wide range of phytochemicals and pharmacological activities that have been utilised since antiquity. Boeravinone-B (an isoflavone rotenoid molecule) is one of the most significant secondary metabolites produced in its plant body. Modern plant biotechnological tools have helped in the overproduction of desired plant secondary metabolites from in vitro cell and organ cultures. Elicitation is one such strategy employed for the production of phytochemicals. In the present study, polyamines like putrescine, spermine and spermidine have been used as elicitors for the production of Boeravinone-B. The cell suspension cultures of punarnava have been treated with polyamines at various concentrations, ranging from 0.5 to 20M, at various day intervals of 2, 4 and 6 before the harvesting. The fresh weights, dry weights of cell suspension cultures, their Boeravinone-B content and yield are evaluated. Among all the various polyamine treatments, 2.5M spermidine (SPD) on the 6th day before harvesting shows the highest Boeravinone-B content of 10.88 0.13mgg?1 DW and yield of 110.34mg L?1 respectively, which is a five-fold increment compared to the control cultures (2.16 0.06mgg?1 DW and 16.35mg L?1) respectively. The highest total phenolic content in the cell suspension cultures is observed with 1?M SPD on the 2nd day prior to harvesting (194.25 0.37mgg?1 DW), while the highest levels of flavonoids are observed with 2.5?M SPD on the 6th day before harvesting (86.85 0.26mgg?1 DW). 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. -
Polyaniline/Reduced Graphene Oxide/Zinc Oxide Hybrid Electrodes Fabricate by Combining Electrospinning/Electrospray Technique for Supercapacitors
This study presents the successful synthesis and characterization of polyaniline (PANI), PANI/reduced graphene oxide PANI/rGO (PR), and PANI/rGO/ZnO (PRZ) nanocomposites as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Employing electrospinning and electrospraying techniques, we developed nanofibrous composites with enhanced structural and electrochemical properties. The addition of rGO and ZnO in the PRZ composite significantly improved specific capacitance, stability, and charge-transfer efficiency. Electrochemical analyses, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic chargedischarge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), revealed a peak specific capacitance of 845 F g?1 at 0.5 A g?1 for PRZ, outperforming PR (395 F g?1), and PANI (140 F g?1). These enhancements are attributed to the synergistic effects of carbon-based and pseudocapacitive components, resulting in higher conductivity, improved redox activity, and reduced internal resistance. Additionally, the PRZ composite exhibited excellent cyclic stability, retaining 89% of its capacitance over 5000 cycles, underscoring its durability and suitability for long-term energy storage applications. 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
Polyaniline/zinc oxide nanocomposites for Dye-sensitized solar cell device fabrication and analysis
Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by hydrothermal technique are used as reinforcements to synthesize polyaniline nanocomposite via in-situ chemical oxidation method. The XRD analysis confirms the formation of polyaniline/zinc oxide nanocomposites. SEM images shows that nano reinforcement is covered with polymer matrix. Nanoparticles are found to be immersed in polyaniline matrix in the TEM images of nanocomposites. Significance of filler morphology in polyaniline nanocomposites is analysed by reinforcing zinc oxide nanoflowers, rods and spheres into polyaniline. Addition of metal oxide into polyaniline improves thermal stability. An increase of 227 % in UV absorption is observed for nanoflower composite compared to pure polyaniline in the absorption spectrum. Photoluminescence spectral analysis shows minimum peak intensity for polyaniline/zinc oxide nanoflower composite. Based on the optical property analysis, Dye-sensitized solar cells are fabricated by coating polyaniline and its nanocomposite with zinc oxide nanoflower. Power conversion efficiency of 5.23 % is obtained for the device based on pristine polyaniline and 7.03 % for nanoflower composite. 2026 Indian Chemical Society.