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Role of international commercial arbitration in resolving WTO disputes
International organizations flourished with the fragrance of effective interactions between parties and reconciliatory measures promoting amicable dispute settlement. In this scenario International Commercial Arbitration comes to the rescue of international organizations resolving multilateral, bilateral, and investment disputes between the parties, promoting sustainable development. The rationale of the article is to promote the parties towards a system of dispute redressal that is opposite to adversarial form of dispute resolution and thereby promoting an arbitration-friendly economy. Arbitration is not considered to be a preferable dispute resolution and the article provides for importance of arbitration in research gap in various research papers by using doctrinal research, analyzing articles and statutes, and providing an answer to the research question "How to promote sustainable development through International Commercial arbitration" and "How to promote arbitration-friendly environment. " This article discusses WTO dispute resolution board's novel approach to promoting arbitration. 2024 Srinesh Thakur, Anvita Electronics, 16-11-762, Vijetha Golden Empire, Hyderabad. -
Role of Ionic Liquids in Hydrothermal Synthesis of Li-Doped CuO Nanoparticles: Improved Photocatalytic, Electrochemical, and Antibacterial Properties
Lithium-doped copper oxide nanoparticles (Li-CuO NPs) were synthesized via an ionic-liquid-assisted hydrothermal method to examine the role of ionic liquids in tailoring structural and functional properties. PXRD analysis confirmed phase-pure monoclinic CuO (JCPDS/PDF No. 45-0937), with a reduction in crystallite size from 46nm (CuO) to 39nm upon Li incorporation. BET analysis revealed mesoporous characteristics with a specific surface area of 85m2 g?1 and an average pore diameter of 10nm. Optical studies showed a red shift in absorption and a band gap narrowing from 2.61eV (CuO) to 2.35eV (Li-CuO), indicating enhanced visible-light absorption. The photocatalytic performance of Li-CuO NPs was evaluated using Evans Blue dye under visible-light irradiation, achieving 96.67% degradation within 2h, along with good stability over repeated fourth cycles. The effects of various parameters, including pH, catalyst loading, dye concentration, illumination intensity, and the recyclability and reusability of the catalyst, were also investigated. Electrochemical studies demonstrated enhanced redox activity and improved charge-transfer behavior for dye sensing. In addition, Li-CuO NPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity, attributed to lithium-induced defects, and increased surface reactivity. These findings highlight ionic-liquid-assisted lithium doping as an effective approach for improving the multifunctional performance of CuO-based nanomaterials. 2026 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Role of knowledge management strategies on employees performance in selected information technology companies In Bangalore /
International Journal of Management And Social Sciences, Vol.8, Issue 2.1, pp.54-58, ISSN No: 2349-9761. -
Role of Leadership and Management of Higher Education Institutions (HEI) in Digitalization
Throughout this chapter, several updated concepts, terms, and theoretical constructs are proposed about leadership and management of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) with respect to the current trends and demands. The digital learning (DL) ecosystem and the transformational stages are discussed to elaborate the process of digital transformation at the HEIs. The advantages and benefits of digital education are integrated in the chapter with a view to better understand the challenges and opportunities brought forth by these imperatives. The chiseling role of leadership in the entire process is presented in the context of the digital ecosystem in order to meet the expectations of all the stakeholders. The New Education Policy (NEP) presents itself as a shaping force in accordance with prevailing standards and/or voluntary commitment by the respective HEIs in India. Further to the elaboration of the drivers of digitalization in the HEIs, the key takeaway is introduced as a holistic approach to leadership and management in such an ecosystem. 2024 Apple Academic Press, Inc. -
Role of Machine Learning in the Analysis of Mental Health Data: An Empirical Approach
As funding for mental health research has grown, so too has the body of knowledge about how best to address and alleviate issues related to mental health. However, there is still a lack of certainty and clarity on the precise causes of mental diseases. Discovery of new drugs, analysis of radiological data, forecasting of disease outbreaks, and the diagnosis of illnesses are just some of the medical applications of machine learning algorithms. Machine learning algorithms are commonly used to sift through the mountains of medical data. Since their performance has improved to the point where it can be relied upon, they are now used to aid in medical diagnosis. To assess and address the issues with mental health, numerous new approaches and algorithms had been devised. There are still a lot of issues that can be resolved. So the main purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of machine learning in mental health problems. For fulfilling this purpose, this study is descriptive in nature. Primary data is collected with the help of interview method in which 50 individuals suffering from mental illness were asked to answers some questions. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Role of management education in adapting the Indian public sector to market-based economic reforms
Purpose: In 1991, India embarked on market-based economic reforms initiatives pillared on liberalization, privatization and globalization (LPG). The reforms exposed the public sector enterprises to competitive market forces, raising the need to identify and develop the competencies necessary for survival. Executive training programs were initiated to prepare public enterprises for the market-based reforms. Three decades later, the reforms especially privatization is witnessing renewed interest under the current administration. In this context, the article takes a closer look at the structure of management education provided to public sector officers in India. The article also identifies barriers for implementing the learnings from the management courses in the workplaces and suggests approaches for closing the gap. Design/methodology/approach: The study follows a thematic approach based on unstructured interviews of senior executives of Indian public sector enterprises covering oil and gas, aeronautical, power and transportation sectors. New public management (NPM) is used as a yardstick of business-like characteristics of public sector enterprises. Findings: Despite heavy investment, trainings have had only partial success in implementing the core objective of NPM, i.e. to provide quality services in a professional manner to meet citizen requirements. The study found that though concepts of NPM are introduced at multiple management training programs, thepublic enterprises lag in the implementation of NPM. The ingrained hierarchical and procedural culture of the enterprises was often highlighted as the challenge to its implementation. Practical implications: The study will be of significance to Indian policymakers in designing management education programs to public sector employees. It brings out (1) various models of management education provided to public servants across industries, (2) provide evidence on the extent of NPM implementation, (3) identify barriers for transitioning the learnings from the management courses to workplace and (4) suggest changes for improving effectiveness. Originality/value: The existing research on LPG in India covers the economic transformation post-implementation and the factors contributing to the success of its implementation. This study adds to the limited literature available on the management education of public servants in the country. 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Role of medicinal plants against cancer
Cancer is a fatal disease where uncontrolled multiplication of cells occurs in the body. Radiation therapy, Chemotherapy, and medications are some of the procedures for treating cancer infections, but they are expensive, and the cure is ineffective. Usage of plants for the treatment of cancer can be one of the effective processes as the phytochemical compounds in these plants have the potential of alleviating various malignancies that includes cancer. The phytochemical compounds found in the plants have the medicinal properties like anti-inflammation, apoptotic, anti-oxidative to treat various disease include the cancer. The following chapter will be about the Indian medicinal plants such as Carica papaya, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Morinda citrifolia, Azadirachta indica, Psidium guajava, and Annona reticulate, in treating the cancer and its future perspectives. 2024, IGI Global. -
Role of medicinal plants against lung cancer
Nowadays for treatment of various diseases, scientific studies are conducted using the medicinal plants of both domestic and wild for curing purpose. Every plant contain compounds that have medicinal properties and can be isolated from the plants parts. Due to plants diversity in India and use in Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha, India is known as medicinal hub. Lung cancer is the third most common cancer, that develops in lung tissue and are of two type's non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. Many factors cause lung cancer; tobacco smoking is the prominent cause of lung cancer. The individuals who smoke have 20-30% more chance of developing lung cancer than non-smokers. The conventional treatment of lung cancer, are chemotherapy, stem cell therapy, and electrochemical treatments. Plants and the compounds present can be used for treating lung cancer. So in this chapter will focus on plants Acalypha indica, Solanum trilobatum, Justicia adhatoda, Coleus amboinicus and Piper nigrum in lung cancer treatment and on the medicinal properties. 2024, IGI Global. -
Role of Memoirs in Reducing the Stigma of Mental Illness in India
How reading about mental illness in the form of memoirs encourages us to reimagine our understanding and get past the popular stigmatised depictions of mental illness in India is explored in this article. This information can come to the aid of medical enthusiasts, psychologists, psychoanalysts, and even educators in considering the subjective dimensions of the experience of mental illness apart from the results of scientifi c inquiry and reducing the stigma of mental illness in India. 2023 Economic and Political Weekly. All rights reserved. -
Role of mesoporous silica supported mixed oxides of ceria and samaria for the synthesis of ?-caprolactone at room temperature
Mesoporous silica was prepared from rice husk by pyrolysis method. Mixed oxides of ceria and samaria (50/50) were disp?ersed on silica by rotavapor assisted wet impregnation method. Catalysts were further modified by doping with MoO3, La2O3 and mixed MoO3La2O3. The prepared systems were characterized by various physicochemical techniques such as BET surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy, elemental detection analysis, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis, n-butylamine titration and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The catalytic activity of all the systems were studied in the oxidation of cyclohexanone to ?-caprolactone. Various parameters such as time, molar ratio of cyclohexanoneH2O2, temperature, solvent and the amount of catalyst were studied thoroughly to optimize the favorable conditions for the oxidation reaction. Higher ?-caprolactone selectivity of 88.9% was observed in the presence of hydrogen peroxide in acetonitrile medium. The recyclability tests were performed up to six cycles without any appreciable loss in activity, which confirmed the stability of the prepared systems. Good yield with high selectivity was achieved at room temperature, which makes the protocol greener. 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
Role of Metacognition in natural and Artificial systems
International proceedings of Computer Science and Information Technology, Vol. 37, pp. 34-99 ISSN No. 2010-460X -
Role of mixed molecular weight PEO-PVDF polymers in improving the ionic conductivity of blended solid polymer electrolytes
Blended solid polymer electrolytes (BSPE) were prepared by mixing different molecular weight polymers PEO6 (Mw = 1 106 g/mol), PEO5 (Mw = 1 105 g/mol), and PVDF (Mw = 5.25 105 g/mol) complexed with lithium salt. Conductivity and dielectric studies at different temperatures were carried out on these BSPE systems by varying the wt% of PEO5 and PVDF with respect to PEO6, keeping the wt% of lithium salt constant. The electrical characterizations of BSPE systems have been investigated using impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range 0.1106 Hz. The conductivity data shows that inclusion of PEO5 and PVDF into the PEO6 matrix improved the overall lithium-ion dynamics in the polymer matrix. The composition, PEO6 (94 wt%)-PEO5 (3 wt%)/PVDF (3 wt%)-LiClO4, exhibited maximum conductivity of 6.44 10?4 Scm?1 at 303 K. TheDC conductivity variation with temperature of BSPE systems follows Arrhenius relation and variation of AC conductivities with frequency obeys Jonschers power law. The real and imaginary part of dielectric constant and the dielectric relaxation were also investigated. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. -
Role of mixed nanofluids on fluid flow and intensify energy transfer in a boundary layer region driven by a free convective force
This research study explores boundary layer flow and intensification of heat transfer through a porous medium accompanied by buoyant forces with the support of appended mixed nanofluids. The generated partial differentiation model is altered to a couple of the highly complicated nonlinear differentiation model by support of the similarity conversion. The resultant model is then resolved by the shooting method for finding the initial approximation and thereafter the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg 45th-order method is used to get the desired result. The energy transfer and the flow of mixed nanofluids are analyzed by considering vital factors, like convection, porous and volume fraction. The acquired results fairly agree with erstwhile published articles. The major finding is that for greater values of the volume fraction, both fluid flow and energy transfer of a mixed nanofluid will be greater when compared with a regular nanofluid. 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. -
Role of nanomaterials in the development of nanobiosensors for infectious diseases
Transmissible illnesses brought on by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites are referred to as infectious diseases. These can escalate into undesirable pandemic circumstances that disrupt both regular life functions and the world's population. These in turn have an effect on the current global economy, lead to joblessness, induce stress on the body, mind, and emotions, and put human survival in jeopardy. Consequently, in order to avert worldwide life impairment, prompt discovery, treatment, isolation, and control of the spread of pandemic infectious diseases within the town of origin are essential. As of right now, the World Health Organization (WHO) lists 12 infectious diseases that can be fatal: COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papilloma virus (HPV), influenza, hepatitis, herpes simplex virus (HSV), Zika virus, chikungunya, dengue, and rota virus. Biosensors are becoming more and more potent instruments for diagnosing infectious diseases. Analytical tools that may transform biochemical data into detectable signals such as optical, electrical, magnetic, or thermal signals are referred to as biosensors. The growing need for highly selective, low-concentration sensing of a wide variety of chemicals has spurred the creation of sophisticated instruments known as nanobiosensors, which combine biological components, advanced materials, and nanoscale materials. The design, principle, underlying reasoning, receptor, and molecular features of sensor systems with a focus on the recent COVID-19 pandemic are all covered in this chapter. For critical comparison, electrochemical biosensor systems which included a variety of sophisticated nanostructures like semiconductors, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), MXenes, polymeric nanocomposites, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, and combinations of biomolecules reported recently were specifically divided into distinct sub-sections. This chapter focuses on the difficulties that exist today in converting lab research into practical device applications, as well as the potential for the future and the commercialization of electrochemical diagnostic devices for the detection of corona viruses. It is anticipated that the background information and overall advancements presented in this study will be instructive for sensor researchers and will make it easier to design and fabricate electrochemical sensors for viruses that pose a threat to human life, with a wider range of applications for any desired pathogen. 2025 Scrivener Publishing LLC. All rights reserved. -
Role of Need for Achievement on Decision making and Life Orientation of Young Adults
Purpose-To assess the role of need for achievement on decision making and life orientation of young adults. Design/methodology/approach-The data was collected from the participants using a questionnaire. The sample size is 100 young adults. The sampling technique used is convenience sampling, and the research design is a cross-sectional survey. It was hypothesised that individuals high in achievement motivation will also be high in life orientation level and there will be a positive correlation between achievement motivation and decision making. Findings The results of the study indicate that an individual high in achievement motivation will also be high in life orientation level and a positive correlation is found between achievement motivation and decision making. The other findings are that optimising decision-making styles is positively correlated with achievement motivation and a significant difference in achievement motivation between males and females is found, indicating a higher need for achievement in females as compared to males. Social Implications-The findings of the study are considerable with respect to the personal, professional, and educational development of young adults. As the research suggests, there is a positive relationship between decision-making styles, achievement motivation, and orientation towards life. Therefore, various decision-making styles can be introduced in the behavioural sciences subject domain. Higher achievement needs in females indicate their potential in various professional realms, and such platforms, if provided, can increase women's participation in the workforce, resulting in economic, social, and personal development for women as well as society. Originality/ Value The youth of a country are its greatest assets, and for an aspirational country, there is a need for a highly motivated task force. The research topic focuses on how motivated behaviour occupies a central position in personality and its relationship with decision-making style and orientation towards life. This study focuses on the need of the hour, which is harnessing our youth and exploring more about the achievement-oriented behaviour and optimistic outlook of young adults, which is the demographic dividend of the country. 2022 RESTORATIVE JUSTICE FOR ALL. -
Role of Perceived Social Support and Sense of Coherence Towards Quality of Life Among People Seeking Treatment for Substance Use
A significant portion of individuals diagnosed with substance use disorder confront societal neglect and escalating stigma. This heightened pressure contributes to increased stress and the emergence of comorbid psychiatric conditions alongside their existing affliction. Considering it to be a significant untouched area, the current empirical research was undertaken to explore the role of psychological factors towards quality of life among people seeking treatment for substance use. To accomplish the proposed objectives a correlation design had been adopted and standardized psychological measures were administered on a sample of 100 participants who were registered under residential rehabilitation programs. The data was analyzed using SPSS statistical software and the findings revealed a significant positive correlation of perceived social support and a sense of coherence with quality of life, i.e., r = 0.72 (p <.001) and r = 0.68 (p <.001), respectively. Further, perceived social support and sense of coherence also emerged as predictors (R2 = 55%) of quality of life among people seeking treatment for substance use. Findings provide strong advocacy that people seeking treatment for substance use should be provided with social support which in turn helps them to hold a sense of coherence and ultimately both contributes to their overall quality of life. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Dr. Sundeep Katevarapu, Dr. Anand Pratap Singh, Dr. Priyanka Tiwari, Ms. Akriti Varshney, Ms. Priya Lanka, Ms. Aankur Pradhan, Dr. Neeraj Panwar, Dr. Kumud Sapru Wangnue; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Role of Perceived Social Support and Sense of Coherence Towards Quality of Life Among People Seeking Treatment for Substance Use
A significant portion of individuals diagnosed with substance use disorder confront societal neglect and escalating stigma. This heightened pressure contributes to increased stress and the emergence of comorbid psychiatric conditions alongside their existing affliction. Considering it to be a significant untouched area, the current empirical research was undertaken to explore the role of psychological factors towards quality of life among people seeking treatment for substance use. To accomplish the proposed objectives a correlation design had been adopted and standardized psychological measures were administered on a sample of 100 participants who were registered under residential rehabilitation programs. The data was analyzed using SPSS statistical software and the findings revealed a significant positive correlation of perceived social support and a sense of coherence with quality of life, i.e., r = 0.72 (p <.001) and r = 0.68 (p <.001), respectively. Further, perceived social support and sense of coherence also emerged as predictors (R2 = 55%) of quality of life among people seeking treatment for substance use. Findings provide strong advocacy that people seeking treatment for substance use should be provided with social support which in turn helps them to hold a sense of coherence and ultimately both contributes to their overall quality of life. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Dr. Sundeep Katevarapu, Dr. Anand Pratap Singh, Dr. Priyanka Tiwari, Ms. Akriti Varshney, Ms. Priya Lanka, Ms. Aankur Pradhan, Dr. Neeraj Panwar, Dr. Kumud Sapru Wangnue; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Role of plant tissue culture medium components
The plant tissue culture technique is one of the most acquainted techniques and has been practiced since 1902 for the development of disease-free plants with desired quality, at a larger production rate within a short span of time, irrespective of the season. Each plant has its own morphology and nutritional requirements. Moreover, the nutritional requirement for the tissues in each part of the plant varies. Thus, for the optimal growth of the desired plant, the composition and choice of the suitable media are crucial factors. The formulation of the nutrient medium for the specific tissue and the specific plant plays a vital role in the development of suitable plant tissue culture techniques. This chapter discusses the main components of the plant tissue culture media: basic components which include macroelements, microelements, nitrogen sources (including amino acids), carbon sources, organic supplements (mainly vitamins and other supplements), growth regulators like auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene, and solidifying agents. The basic components have to be incorporated at a fixed concentration. The plant growth regulators are supplemented for organogenesis and the balance between the growth regulators depends on the type of tissue culture technique adopted. The additional supplements are incorporated into the media to achieve specific responses which include activated charcoal, antioxidants, ethylene inhibitors, and complex organic additives, and antibiotics/antifungal agents are supplemented to prevent plant loss due to contamination. The chapter also emphasizes the sterilization techniques and their importance in the plant tissue culture medium. The significance of the adoption of automated media preparation and incorporation of nanoparticles in the tissue culture media is also discussed. 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Role of polyamines in plant tissue culture: An overview
Since the era of plant tissue culture bloomed, we have started approaching from a biotechnological perspective to overcome the massive challenges like inducing embryogenesis and organogenesis, initiating rooting, increasing the number of plantlets, establishing a callus from various organs of plants and also enhancing the metabolite content which was a mind-boggling thought once upon a time. Use of various elicitors, altering the media components, the strength of media, pH, precursor feeding etc. have all contributed tremendously in the in-vitro techniques used for culturing rare, endemic and medicinal plants for the commercial purposes. Owing to the demand for the plant products and drugs, the search for the other superior novel methods to increase its quantity and quality has not been stopped. Thus, one such method is the use of chemical compounds with many amino groups which serves as an additional source of nitrogen in the media and these organic compounds are called polyamines. Polyamines are known to play a wide role in plant physiological processes helping them in differentiation, inducing totipotency, increasing cell division and also in molecular signaling. Polyamines have a versatile application in this field ranging from establishing a callus to the elicitation of secondary metabolites. Thus, polyamines can be considered as a boon to the plant tissue culture field. In this review article, we have mainly focused on the in-depth applications of major polyamines like putrescine, spermidine and spermine in the field of plant tissue culture. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. part of Springer Nature. -
Role of psychological well-being, quality of life and distress tolerance in caregivers of geriatric population: an Indian exploratory study
Purpose: This study aims to gain an understanding of how caring for an ageing population affects caregivers psychological well-being, quality of life and ability to tolerate distress. This study provides valuable insights into the challenges faced by family caregivers and underscores the critical need for comprehensive support systems. Design/methodology/approach: A correlational method and cross-sectional research design was used for the study. For this, a sample of 200 caregivers in the age range of 2560 years who were taking care of the geriatric population above the age of 70 years for a minimum of one year were chosen. Four questionnaires ? Burden Scale for Family Caregivers, Psychological Well-Being Scale, World Health Organizations Quality of Life Scale-BRIEF version and Distress Tolerance Scale were chosen. Correlation and multivariate regression were calculated using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) 21 and Jamovi 3.4.1. Findings: This study found that there is a negative correlation of caregiver burden with psychological well-being, quality of life and distress tolerance. The sub-domains of self-acceptance, psychological health and tolerance levels were most impacted for the caregivers. Through multivariate regression, it was found that the caregiver burden significantly predicted psychological well-being and quality of life. Research limitations/implications: This study focuses on the English-speaking caregivers which may overlook the diverse linguistic and cultural variations within the broader caregiver community in India and the data collection exclusively targeted family caregivers providing support to geriatric population without chronic illnesses. This restriction could potentially limit the generalizability of the findings to the broader caregiving context. Practical implications: The implications of this research are that for caregivers, this study underscores the importance of tailored support programmes that address the negative impact of caregiver burden on psychological well-being and quality of life. Health-care professionals can use the findings to incorporate mental health assessments and interventions within caregiving contexts, recognizing the interconnected nature of these variables. Policymakers can use the findings to inform policies related to caregiver support and health-care resource allocation. Originality/value: In India, the social norm is that children are expected to take care of their parents when they become old. Taking care of elderly parents can be challenging, even emotionally. As a result, this study will focus on how caregivers psychological well-being, quality of life and ability to tolerate distress are affected. Consequently, promoting the creation of community support groups and workplace mental health programmes which could give caregivers a forum to voice their concerns. 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited.