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Shear wave interaction with cylindrical magneto-electro-elastic structures
The present study develops an extended analytical framework for investigating Love-type wave propagation in multilayered magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) composites while accounting for nanoscale electrical, magnetic, and mechanical interfacial imperfections. The primary purpose is to establish a generalized dispersion relation that unifies classical Love-wave theory with coupled-field effects and imperfect interface conditions. The methodology employs the complex function approach in conjunction with the Helmholtz equation and wavefield superposition theory. Interfacial imperfection factors are introduced via a spring-type boundary model, leading to an infinite system of equations. A systematic truncation procedure ensures convergence of the analytical solution, and numerical simulations are performed to illustrate the influence of imperfections, thickness ratio, and coupling coefficients on dispersion, attenuation, and coupling efficiency. Findings reveal that imperfections significantly suppress phase velocity, with electrical defects producing stronger effects than magnetic ones, while mechanical bonding imperfections accelerate attenuation. Combined imperfections exhibit a synergistic nonlinear influence, producing dispersion shifts more severe than the sum of individual effects. Comparisons between EMO and EMS boundary conditions highlight that stress-driven EMS interfaces are more sensitive to imperfections than displacement-driven EMO boundaries. Additionally, increasing the guiding layer thickness enhances wave confinement, raising phase velocity and partially mitigating defect influence. Validation is achieved by demonstrating that the model naturally reduces to the classical Love-wave solution in the absence of coupling and imperfections, showing excellent agreement with previously published results. The novelty of the work lies in providing the first comprehensive formulation that integrates piezoelectric, piezomagnetic, and imperfection effects within a unified Love-wave framework. Limitations include restriction to anti-plane shear (SH) motion and idealized isotropic elastic half-space substrates, which may be extended in future studies to anisotropic or viscoelastic media. Practical applications include non-destructive evaluation of layered composites, defect detection, fatigue life prediction, energy harvesting, and the design of piezoelectric/piezomagnetic sensors. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2025. -
Shear Waves Induced Vibration in a Size-dependent Loosely-bonded ViscoelasticFlexoelectric Material Structure Subjected to Fractional Derivative
The present study investigates the dispersive and damping limitations of shear horizontal waves (SH-waves) in an imperfectly bonded size-dependent layer over layer (LoL) structure. The LoL model consists of a nonlocal flexoelectric layer (NFL) coated by a thin nonlocal viscoelastic layer (NVL) with fractional elastic and viscoelastic properties. Utilizing Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory, the governing equations for both NVL and NFL have been established and a complex frequency relation through analytical methods is obtained by applying appropriate boundary conditions at the imperfect interface and free surfaces. The complex frequency relation was then separated into dispersion and attenuation equations to represent the dispersive and damping characteristics of SH-waves in the LoL model. The study presents the classical case as a particular instance along with various other cases obtained by relaxing certain assumptions from the present model. To visualize the impact of key parameters such as viscosity, NVL thickness, permittivity, piezoelectricity, nonlocality parameters of NVL and NFL, imperfectness, fractional-order derivative, and flexoelectricity on dispersive and damping natures, several graphs have been plotted and discussed the distinguished region of existence for dispersion and attenuation curves. This was achieved by deriving the lower and upper bounds for SH-wave velocity. Additionally, the influence of key parameters on the surface response of nonlocal shear stresses and particle displacement within the LoL structure is graphically depicted as a function of depth. The findings reveal that SH-wave characteristics are significantly more diverse in the size-dependent LoL model compared to the classical LoL model. The findings of this study hold significant promise for advancing the design and functionality of various technological applications. By enhancing our understanding of surface wave dynamics in size-dependent structures combining flexoelectric and viscoelastic materials, this research paves the way for innovations in sensor technology, energy harvesting systems, and devices capable of manipulating waves. 2025 Elsevier Masson SAS -
Shearhorizontal wave transmission in prestressed rotating piezoelectricpiezomagnetic cylinders with imperfect interfaces: analytical modeling and parametric insights
This study develops an analytical framework to investigate shearhorizontal (SH) wave transmission in layered multiferroic cylinders composed of concentric piezoelectric (PE) and piezomagnetic (PM) materials under prestress and rotation. Both bi-layer and tri-layer configurations are examined, with the latter including a fiber-reinforced core, while the interfaces are modeled as mechanically, electrically, or magnetically imperfect using spring-type conditions. Closed-form dispersion relations are derived for electrically open/magnetically short and electrically short/magnetically open boundary cases. Numerical simulations are conducted to assess the influence of interfacial compliance, thickness ratio, rotation speed, and initial stress on phase and group velocities, as well as electromechanical coupling efficiency. The findings reveal that mechanical imperfection exerts a stronger influence on SH wave dispersion than electrical or magnetic defects, while PE/PM stiffening leads to monotonic phase velocity enhancement. Rotation and prestress are shown to significantly modify dispersion behavior, with PE layers more sensitive than PM layers. The novelty of this work lies in its unified treatment of multiferroic cylinders with simultaneous rotation, prestress, and multifield interface imperfections, bridging theoretical predictions with practical design considerations. Although the analysis assumes linear material behavior and neglects nonlinear dissipation or thermal coupling, it provides physically consistent predictions validated against limiting cases from prior literature. The results offer valuable guidelines for the design of piezoelectricpiezomagnetic devices such as SAW gyroscopes, rotation sensors, and magnetically controlled transducers, where interfacial integrity and prestress management are critical for performance optimization. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2025. -
Shell script to clone AODV routing protocol in network Simulator-2
Background and Objective: Most of the research that are carried in ad hoc routing protocol is through simulation. While working with a simulator, the codes are enclosed in a component that is accessible to all the developers. The difficulty arises as there is no enough documentation and users find it difficult to modify different C++ and TCL files. Even if one component is modified then the entire Network Simulator-2 (NS-2) suite must be reconfigured. Cloning the protocol manually takes a lot of time and prone to error. Our objective is to ease the work of developers and researchers by showing the procedure to clone the AODV protocol automatically using a script. Methodology: In this study, a shell script is developed that will clone the AODV protocol by modifying 18 C++ and TCL files of the protocol and NS-2 suite by automatically inserting the code in exact files at exact position. It also configures the NS-2 and installs the entire NS-2 suite along with setting the path in .bash files. Results: In this research work, a comparison of cloned protocol with AODV protocol is done based on throughput time and packet loss metrics and the results generated are exactly same for both the protocols. The results of the study reveal that the proposed script clones the AODV protocol successfully. Conclusion: This work proves that the proposed script can clone the AODV protocol faster with just one execution of shell script. This methodology will save the time and help the developers or research to focus more on their study on the protocol. 2018 Authors. -
Shifting mold of media technology and content with main thrust on Pandora's Box /
Journal Of Media and Social Development, Vol.2, Issue 1, pp.528-539, ISSN No: 2320-8244. -
Shock advertising and its impact on the younger generation /
Advances In Economics And Business Management, Vol.3, Issue 6, pp.653-657, ISSN: 2394-1553 (Online), 2394-1545 (Print). -
Short term effects of brief need based psychoeducation on knowledge, self-stigma, and burden among siblings of persons with schizophrenia: A prospective controlled trial
Siblings of persons with schizophrenia are important in providing long-term social support to the patients. Interventions addressing their needs are very sparse. Hence, this study aimed at testing the short-term effects of brief need based psychoeducation on knowledge, self-stigma, and burden among siblings of persons with schizophrenia. In this prospective controlled open label trial, 80 siblings of persons with schizophrenia were allocated in equal numbers to the brief need based psychoeducation group and the treatment-as-usual group. The outcomes were measured at baseline, and after the first and third month post-intervention. RM-ANCOVA was conducted to test the effect of the brief psychoeducation on outcome scores. The groups were similar with respect to socio-demographic, clinical, and outcome scores at the baseline. There was a significant group time interaction effect on knowledge (F = 8.71; p < 0.01; ?p 2 = 0.14) and self-stigma scores (F = 14.47; p < 0.001; ?p 2 = 0.21), wherein the brief psychoeducation group showed a significant increase in knowledge and reduction in self-stigma with medium effect size through baseline to the third month follow-up as compared to the treatment as usual group. We also observed a significant main effect of time; irrespective of the group allocation, there was a significant increase in the knowledge through baseline to third month follow-up (F = 5.69; p = 0.02; ?p 2 = 0.09). No main or interaction effects of group and time were observed on burden. The findings suggest that brief need based psychoeducation may increase knowledge about the illness and reduce self-stigma. Further systematic studies are warranted to test this intervention for long-term effects. 2017 Elsevier B.V. -
Short term effects of brief need based psychoeducation on knowledge, self-stigma, and burden among siblings of persons with schizophrenia: A prospective controlled trial /
Asian Journal of Psychiatry, Vol.7, pp.59-66, ISSN: 2211-3797. -
Short-chain fatty acid: An updated review on signaling, metabolism, and therapeutic effects
Fatty acids are good energy sources (9 kcal per gram) that aerobic tissues can use except for the brain (glucose is an alternative source). Apart from the energy source, fatty acids are necessary for cell signaling, learning-related memory, modulating gene expression, and functioning as cytokine precursors. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are saturated fatty acids arranged as a straight chain consisting minimum of 6 carbon atoms. SCFAs possess various beneficial effects like improving metabolic function, inhibiting insulin resistance, and ameliorating immune dysfunction. In this review, we discussed the biogenesis, absorption, and transport of SCFA. SCFAs can act as signaling molecules by stimulating G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and suppressing histone deacetylases (HDACs). The role of SCFA on glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and its effect on the immune system is also reviewed with updated details. SCFA possess anticancer, anti-diabetic, and hepatoprotective effects. Additionally, the association of protective effects of SCFA against brain-related diseases, kidney diseases, cardiovascular damage, and inflammatory bowel diseases were also reviewed. Nanotherapy is a branch of nanotechnology that employs nanoparticles at the nanoscale level to treat various ailments with enhanced drug stability, solubility, and minimal side effects. The SCFA functions as drug carriers, and nanoparticles were also discussed. Still, much research was not focused on this area. SCFA functions in host gene expression through inhibition of HDAC inhibition. However, the study has to be focused on the molecular mechanism of SCFA against various diseases that still need to be investigated. 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Short-Term H ? Line Variations in Classical Be Stars: 59 Cyg and OT Gem
We present the optical spectroscopic study of two classical Be stars, 59 Cyg and OT Gem obtained over a period of few months in 2009. We detected a rare triple-peak H ? emission phase in 59 Cyg and a rapid decrease in the emission strength of H ? in OT Gem, which are used to understand their circumstellar disks. We find that 59 Cyg is likely to be rapid rotator, rotating at a fractional critical rotation of ?0.80. The radius of the H ? emission region for 59 Cyg is estimated to be Rd/R? ? 10.0, assuming a Keplerian disk, suggesting that it has a large disk. We classify stars which have shown triple-peaks into two groups and find that the triple-peak emission in 59 Cyg is similar to ? Tau. OT Gem is found to have a fractional critical rotation of ?0.30, suggesting that it is either a slow rotator or viewed in low inclination. In OT Gem, we observed a large reduction in the radius of the H ? emission region from ?6.9 to ?1.7 in a period of three months, along with the reduction in the emission strength. Our observations suggest that the disk is lost from outside to inside during this disk loss phase in OT Gem. 2017, Indian Academy of Sciences. -
Should Crypto Integrate Micro-Finance option?
Purpose - The purpose of the study is to identify the readiness or acceptance by the younger population specifically, the school and university students towards the investment in cryptocurrency if the micro-finance option is included in such new asset investments. Further to this the research also focusses on the mediating factor as trustworthiness to identify the impact or influence of the variable towards the acceptance of the new asset investment.Design/methodology/approach - The research conducted through relevant literature with sufficient variables measuring with five point Likert's scale. The research also tested with hypothesis on the relationship with variables. A total of 293 valid respondents data were collected and analysed through Structural Equation model.Findings - The analysis and results suggested that the perception, awareness and trustworthiness has positive impact towards the readiness towards crypto investments. Whereas, the investment behaviour has complex acceptability towards the readiness as it failed to accept the hypothesis.Research limitations/implications - the research is limited with the younger population however the research did not focusses on the economically challenged population as they may not be afford to invest in such platforms. The future studies can also be focussed on the same area with more towards the other factors that influence the economically challenged population and identify solution their economic growth. Furthermore, the study may be game changer for the policy makers in legalising the crypto investments in the country.Originality/value - According the wider background study and with substantial literature the research is of first in its kind as per the author's knowledge to integrate the micro finance concept in crypto investments to promote the investment habit among the younger population. 2024 IEEE. -
Should we judge phcs by only iphs guidelines or probe further?
Background: Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS) evaluates supply side compliance of Primary Health Centers (PHCs). Patient Satisfaction (PS) on the other hand, assesses the demand side. Objective: Examining the supply side compliance and relating it to PS in the domain of Reproductive Health (RH). Methods: Using multistage stratified sampling, six rural and three urban PHCs in sub-districts, Ramanagara and Channapatna, in District Ramanagara, state of Karnataka, India, were chosen. Information collected using IPHS proforma for PHCs was compared with PS questionnaire (PSQ 18) data, collected from 398 patients visiting these facilities. Results: Using descriptive and inferential analysis, sub-optimal compliance levels in ease of access, physical & human infrastructure, patient data and usage of untied funds was found. Existing behavioral compliance was found to be optimal. These findings were in alignment with PS findings. Conclusion: Results call for PHC capacity building, incentivization and a crucial need to look into PS side, before passing judgement about performance standard. 2020, Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine. All rights reserved. -
Shrikrishna Vasudeo Kale (19242012)
S.V. Kales research encompassed a broad range of topics, notably focusing on the mental health of officers and personnel in the Indian Merchant Marine, the dynamics of small group responses to frustration influenced by leadership behaviour, attentional deficits associated with psychiatric disorders in relation to arousal and pathology, and a psycho-social study on vocational planning that emphasized aspects of choice, decision-making, and indecision. His foresight allowed him to recognize and address pertinent social issues of his time. Through his impactful articles, he pored over critical matters such as education, the advancement of psychology, and corruption, which continue to resonate today. Additionally, he edited the influential book Child Psychology and Child Guidance and created the PSYCHRON psychometric instrument. This innovative tool evaluates human reaction time, movement time, and perceptions of time by analysing responses to controlled audiovisual stimuli differentiated by frequency, amplitude, intensity, and colour. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Braj Bhushan; individual chapters, the contributors. -
SHRINKAGE BASED ESTIMATION FOR STRESS STRENGTH RELIABILITY P[Y < X < Z] FOR THE EXPONENTIAL DISTRIBUTION
Estimating stress-strength reliability of the form P(Y < X < Z) is a pivotal concern in reliability analysis, particularly when systems are subjected to both lower and upper stress limits. This paper investigates the reliability measure under the assumption that the stress variables Y and Z, as well as the strength variable X, follow exponential distributions. The analysis is conducted using both complete samples and right-censored samples to reflect realistic data collection scenarios. To improve estimation efficiency, we propose several shrinkage estimators based on distinct strategies: a constant shrinkage weight factor, a modified Thompson-type shrinkage weight, and the formulation introduced by Mehta and Srinivasan (1971). The performance of these estimators is evaluated via extensive Monte Carlo simulations and compared against the conventional maximum likelihood estimator, demonstrating the relative merits and limitations of each approach. ARF India, Gurgaon, India. -
SHRINKAGE ESTIMATION OF THE TTT OF THE LOMAX DISTRIBUTION UNDER PROGRESSIVE TYPE II CENSORING
Shrinkage estimation is a robust procedure that integrates an unbiased estimate with the current estimate using a weighted factor. Several weighted factors dynamically adjust the shrinkage factor based on the sample size and censoring proportion, ensuring that the method tailors the shrinkage to the available data rather than applying a constant factor. Despite certain real-world application limitations, the Lomax distribution exhibits flexibility as a tail-behaviour modelling technique, making it particularly suitable for reliability and survival analysis. The present study focuses on estimating the shape parameter of the Lomax distribution using PTII censored sampling within the framework of the shrinkage estimator method. Shrinkage estimators are derived based on constant and shrinkage weight factors under different weight functions. These depend on the base estimates sample size, bias, and variance to shrink the current estimate. The performance of these estimators is rigorously evaluated through a Monte Carlo simulation study. 2026 Pushpa Publishing House, Prayagraj, India. -
Shrinking Sizes, Swelling Prices: Evaluating the Ripple Effects of Inflation and Shrinkflation on Economic Growth Using Dynamic Panel Framework
This study used the novel cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) model and the JuodisKaraviasSarafidis (JKS) causality test to investigate the intricate nexus between inflation, shrinkflation, and economic growth in 20 countries from 1990 to 2022. The results validated the detrimental effects of inflation and shrinkflation on economic growth, underlining price stability, and reverse or positive shrinkflation as crucial for sustained expansion. Causality analysis further revealed feedback causality between inflation and economic growth. Finally, our findings solidify the quantity-led growth or value-driven growth hypothesis. Reverse shrinkflation, or growth driven by value, drives economic growth unidirectionally. Consumption expenditure increases as the value or quantity of goods and services increase, which boosts consumption, aggregate demand, and economic growth. Hence, to stimulate sustainable economic growth, policymakers should implement prudent monetary policies to control high inflation, a major contributor to shrinkflation. Additionally, industries should be encouraged to enhance productivity and reduce manufacturing costs without sacrificing product size or quality. Lastly, it is essential to monitor pricing changes in critical industries and intervene if unjustified shrinkflation trends emerge. 2025 Emerging Markets Institute, Beijing Normal University -
Siamese-Based Architecture for Cross-Lingual Plagiarism Detection in English-Hindi Language Pairs
The cross-lingual plagiarism detection (CLPD) is a challenging problem in natural language processing. Cross-lingual plagiarism is when a text is translated from any other language and used as it is without proper acknowledgment. Most of the existing methods provide good results for monolingual plagiarism detection, whereas the performances of existing methods for the CLPD are very limited. The reason for this is that it is difficult to represent the text from two different languages in a common semantic space. In this article, a novel Siamese architecture-based model is proposed to detect the cross-lingual plagiarism in English-Hindi language pairs. The proposed model combines the convolutional neural network (CNN) and bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) network to learn the semantic similarity among the cross-lingual sentences for the English-Hindi language pairs. In the proposed model, the CNN model learns the local context of words, whereas the Bi-LSTM model learns the global context of sentences in forward and backward directions. The performances of the proposed models are evaluated on the benchmark data set, that is, Microsoft paraphrase corpus, which is converted in the English-Hindi language pairs. The proposed model outperforms other models giving 67%, 72%, and 67% weighted average precision, recall, and F1-measure scores. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed models over the baseline models because the proposed model is very efficient in representing the cross-lingual text very efficiently. Copyright 2023, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers 2023. -
Sibling Bereavement Among Young Indian Adults
This qualitative study explores the bereavement experiences of 12 surviving siblings in India, focusing on familial, societal, and cultural influences. Six themes emerged: The Demanding Familial Role, Isolation That Accompanies the Grief, Damaging Impact of Society, Positive Role of Friends and Family, Support Systems, and Continuing Bonds. Participants often felt the burden of supporting their parents, leading to personal grief suppression and isolation, exacerbated by societal stigmas. Conversely, empathetic friends, supportive extended family, and professional resources like therapy provided crucial coping mechanisms. Continuing bonds with the deceased offered comfort and connection. The study highlights the need for comprehensive support systems tailored to cultural and societal contexts. It emphasizes the importance of public awareness and education to foster a supportive response to bereavement. Further research with larger, more diverse samples is recommended. The Author(s) 2024. -
Sibling influence on musical identity in emerging adults
A key characteristic and an important task of emerging adulthood is identity development. Music provides an important context for identity development, especially in emerging adults, and siblings in turn play an important role in the process of identity development. Using a qualitative narrative approach, this study aims to understand the role of siblings in the musical identity development of emerging adults. Five emerging adults between the age range of 1825years were recruited and interviewed individually. Thematic narrative analysis of the transcripts gave rise to 3 themes: Sibling Relationships, Early Identity and Discrepancy, and The Growth Journey. Overall, it was evident that siblings played a crucial role and had a large impact on the identity development process of the participants. This study provided support for Arnett's theory of emerging adulthood, with identity exploration being a defining feature of this developmental period. Further, the study also supported the notion of important others impacting the identity verification process according to identity control theory. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023.