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Stacked LSTM and Kernel-PCA-based Ensemble Learning for Cardiac Arrhythmia Classification
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most prevalent causes of death and disability worldwide. Cardiac arrhythmia is one of the chronic cardiovascular diseases that create panic in human life. Early diagnosis aids physicians in securing life. ECG is a non-stationary physiological signal representing the heart's electrical activity. Automated tools to detect arrhythmia from ECG signals are possible with Machine Learning (ML). The ensemble learning technique combines the power of two or more classifiers to solve a computational intelligence problem. It enhances the performance of the models by fusing two or more models, which extremely increases its strength. The proposed ensemble Machine learning amalgamates the potency of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and ensemble learning, opening up a new direction for research. In this research work, two novel ensemble methods of Extreme Gradient Boosting-LSTM (EXGB-LSTM) are developed, which use LSTM as a base learner and are transformed into an ensemble learner by coalescing with Extreme Gradient Boosting. Kernel Principal Component Analysis (K-PCA) is a significant non-linear dimensionality reduction technique. It can manage highdimensional datasets with various features by lowering the dimensionality of the data while retaining the most crucial details. It has been applied as a preprocessing step for feature reduction in the dataset, and the performance of EXGB-LSTM is tested with and without K-PCA. Experimental results showed that the first method, fusion of EXG-LSTM, has reached an accuracy of 92.1%, Precision of 90.6%, F1-score of 94%, and Recall of 92.7%. The second proposed method, KPCA with EXGB-LSTM, attained the highest accuracy of 94.3%, with a precision of 92%, F1-score of 98%, and Recall of 94.9% for multi-class cardiac arrhythmia classification. (2023), (Science and Information Organization). All Rights Reserved. -
Stakeholder Engagement Strategies and Sustainable Change: A Study of Indian Companies
Sustainability is the pathway to prosperity for humanity and businesses alike. It offers the best chance to adjust our course.Paul Polman. Sustainable business practices have become crucial for Indian companies aiming to balance profitability with social and environmental responsibility. These practices involve integrating sustainability into core business strategies, ensuring that operations are environmentally friendly, socially equitable, and economically viable. The dynamic business environment in India necessitates robust stakeholder engagement strategies for sustainable organizational success. Indian companies, operating within a complex socio-economic landscape, must prioritize effective stakeholder communication and collaboration to achieve long-term sustainability. This study explores various stakeholder engagement strategies implemented by Indian companies, using an assessment instrument called Management and Organizational Sustainability Tool (MOST), examining their impact on fostering sustainable change. By analyzing case studies and best practices, the study aims to highlight how Indian businesses can integrate stakeholder perspectives into their strategic planning, thereby enhancing resilience, trust, and overall performance in an increasingly interconnected world. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Stakeholders' expressions of tech layoffs: A text mining analysis on the "Balance of Arguments"
The volume and nature of work undertaken by the tech employees is humongous, tech employees are known to manage those high tides because of attractive salary packages, perks, and other incentive options, which turn out to be a catastrophic collapse when such layoffs are levied, giving little or no room for a quick transfer to another job from the viewpoint of the affected employees. User-generated unstructured data content in the forms of either tweets, reviews, or comments from around seven major social media platforms were collected to understand the various expressions and discussions linked to layoffs. The collected data is further segregated into employee expressions, social media reviewers, news critiques views, etc., and their perspectives were further analysed. The overall analysis of sentiments on various stakeholders are formulated using Python (Juypter Notebook) package. The authors attempt to model out the viewpoints of various expressors and suggests various measures to be taken by the tech majors to better handle the phenomenon of layoffs. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Stakeholders' pedagogical preferences for teaching 'marketing' in management education
This study has been realized that there is a dire need for re-thinking, particularly obvious for matters of assessment and its relation to the current focus on teaching marketing. A descriptive design of the research was used where convenient sampling has been followed for data collection. In order to achieve the purpose, it was decided to collect independent opinions of students, teachers, and professionals. Analysis has been done through descriptive statistics and Spearman's rank correlation. As a result, a significant difference between the stakeholders' perceptions about the pedagogy for teaching marketing in management education was identified. 2021 Ecological Society of India. All rights reserved. -
Stalling angle predictions of symmetric aero foil by flow analysis
The computational examination of the 2D subsonic stream over a National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) 0012 airfoil at different approaches is done in an ANSYS R14.5 software. The stream elements are acquired by computing the fluid stream conditions of coherence and energy, momentum conservation with the K- model. The present investigation is fundamentally significant, ascribed to the way that the considered aero foil creates lift by moving rapidly through the air, and the examination of the flow over aero foil helps in execution assessment of the flight of the aero foil. In the current work, for a given stream speed with the aero foil set at an approach to the airstream, a pressure gradient among upper and lower wing surfaces exists, which involves the generation of lift, and the lift generated increases up to a certain angle of attack, beyond which the lift decreases, this particular point gives rise to stalling. The distinction in these pressing factor is very important to understand the effect of angle of attack on the lift of the wing. Consequently lift is a significant aspect to be evaluated for stalling angle predictions. The steps associated with assessment of the lift includes forecast of stalling angle at different flow conditions over a symmetric aero foil by modeling the NACA0012 aero foil using the co-ordinates provided by the NACA database and henceforth bringing in it to the ANSYS work bench for meshing, preprocessing followed by the interaction of post processing for different angles of attack. 2022 Author(s). -
Stand-Up: The Comic Public Sphere in India
Comic performances might take a subversive form, especially in an autocratic regime where used as an instrument of expression by the oppressed, the silenced, the unseen, and the unheard, thereby offering a political critique of the state, economy, and systemic failures. This article discusses the ability of contemporary Indian stand-up comic performances to undermine hegemony. The article begins with a theoretical evaluation of the comic in the public sphere, moves to a brief survey of South Asian forms of comic performances, and links these concerns to performances by two contemporary comedy collectives, Aisi Taisi Democracy (ATD) and East India Comedy (EIC). The article then concludes with the possible complications of ATD and EICs contribution to a robust public sphere. Copyright 2023 (Rashi Bhargava and Samarth Singhal). Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd). Available at http://ijoc.org. -
Standards of human rights to palliative care: gaps and trends
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate key milestones in development of standards of human rights to health care in particular context of addressing palliative care, relevant efforts of advocacy in past decade and future area of growth. Design/methodology/approach: In this study, analysis of human rights and its standards in context of palliative care has been provided through the lens of freedom from ill treatment and torture, right to health care and older persons and childrens rights. Findings: Findings of this study highlighted significant developments in this area which include following: first treaty of human rights which explained right to palliative care; first resolution on palliative care by World Health Assembly; special rapporteurs report focussed on denial of pain; and addressing issue of controlled medicine availability in special session of UN General Assembly. Originality/value: Human rights standards and their development in context of palliative care have been most significant in relation to freedom from ill treatment and torture, right to health care and older persons rights. Further work is required in context of childrens rights and treaty bodies of human rights need to consistently address state obligations towards palliative care. 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Star formation around three co-moving HAeBe stars in the Cepheus Flare
Context. The presence of three more Herbig Ae/Be (HAeBe) candidates in the Cepheus Flare within a 1.5 radius centered on HD 200775 suggests that star formation is prevalent in a wider region of the LDN 1147/1158, LDN 1172/1174, and LDN 1177 clouds. A number of young stellar objects (YSOs) are found to be distributed toward these cloud complexes along with the HAeBe stars. Various star formation studies clearly indicate ongoing low-mass star formation inside the clouds of this region. Sources associated with less near-infrared excess and less H? emission raise the possibility that more low-mass YSOs, which were not identified in previous studies, are present in this region. Aims. The aim is to conduct a search for additional young sources that are kinematically associated with the previously known YSOs and to characterize their properties. Methods. Based on the Gaia DR2 distances and proper motions, we found that the HAeBe candidates BD+681118, HD 200775, and PV Cep are all spatially and kinematically associated with previously known YSOs. Based on the Gaia DR2 data, we identified a number of co-moving sources around BD+681118. These sources are characterized using optical and near-infrared color-color and color-magnitude diagrams. Results. We estimated a distance of 3407 pc to the whole association that contains BD+681118, HD 200775, and PV Cep. Based on the distance and proper motions of all the known YSOs, a total of 74 additional co-moving sources are found in this region, of which 39 form a loose association surrounding BD+681118. These sources are predominantly M-type sources with ages of ?10 Myr and no or very little near-infrared excess emission. The distribution of co-moving sources around BD+681118 is much more scattered than that of sources found around HD 200775. The positive expansion coefficients obtained via the projected internal motions of the sources surrounding BD+681118 and HD 200775 show that the co-moving sources are in a state of expansion with respect to their HAeBe stars. A spatiooral gradient of these sources toward the center of the Cepheus Flare Shell supports the concept of star formation triggered by external impacts. 2021 ESO. -
Star formation in a massive spiral galaxy with a radio-AGN
We present an analysis of new VLT/MUSE optical imaging spectroscopic data of 2MASX J23453268-0449256 (J2345-0449), a nearby (z = 0:0755) massive (Mstellar = 4*1011 M) spiral galaxy. This is a particularly interesting source for a study of active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback since it hosts two pairs of bright, giant radio jets and a massive, luminous X-ray halo, but it has no massive bulge. The galaxy has a 24 kpc wide ring of molecular gas, and a source-averaged star formation rate that is factors 30 to 70 lower than expected from the Kennicutt-Schmidt law. With MUSE, we have analyzed the stellar continuum and bright optical line emission and have constrained the spatially resolved past and present star formation on scales of approximately 1 kpc. More than 93% of the stellar mass formed ?10 Gyrs ago including in the disk. Optical emission from the AGN is very faint and contributes 2% of the continuum around the nucleus at most. Most line emission is predominantly excited by shocks and old stellar populations except in 13 young star-forming regions that formed ?11 Myrs ago, of which only seven are associated with the molecular ring (the others are at larger radii). They avoid a region of high electron densities aligned with the radio source, and form stars at efficiencies that are comparable to those in normal spiral galaxies. We discuss the implications of our findings for the regulation of star formation in galaxies through AGN feedback in the absence of competing mechanisms related to the presence of a massive stellar bulge, such as morphological quenching. The Authors 2023. -
Star power: Analysis of the impact of celebrity endorsements on the purchase intentions of sports consumers
The aim of this research is to identify athlete's endorsements in context of social media and its effect on the purchasing behavior of people liking sports and playing some sort of sports and also their liking towards particular sportspersons playing their favorite sports. Further ten dimensions were dug onto: consumer trust, brand social value, brand image, social influence, emotional attachment, credibility, sports celebrity worship, word of mouth, brand engagement and brand recall. The study will also elaborate on sport celebrities' social media following and their images in people's minds. How well celebrities' are able to market their lifestyles also plays a key role in influencing consumer's perception about them and their endorsed branded products. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Star-forming, rotating spheroidal galaxies in the GAMA and SAMI surveys
The Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey has morphologically identified a class of 'Little Blue Spheroid' (LBS) galaxies whose relationship to other classes of galaxies we now examine in detail. Considering a sample of 868 LBSs, we find that such galaxies display similar but not identical colours, specific star formation rates, stellar population ages, massto- light ratios, and metallicities to Sd-Irr galaxies. We also find that LBSs typically occupy environments of even lower density than those of Sd-Irr galaxies, where ?65 per cent of LBS galaxies live in isolation. Using deep, high-resolution imaging from VST KiDS and the new Bayesian, 2D galaxy profile modelling code PROFIT, we further examine the detailed structure of LBSs and find that their Ssic indices, sizes, and axial ratios are compatible with those of low-mass elliptical galaxies. We then examine SAMI Galaxy survey integral field emission line kinematics for a subset of 62 LBSs and find that the majority (42) of these galaxies display ordered rotation with the remainder displaying disturbed/non-ordered dynamics. Finally, we consider potential evolutionary scenarios for a population with this unusual combination of properties, concluding that LBSs are likely formed by a mixture of merger and accretion processes still recently active in low-redshift dwarf populations.We also infer that if LBS-like galaxies were subjected to quenching in a rich environment, they would plausibly resemble cluster dwarf ellipticals. 2019 The Author(s). -
Starting from the roots of teacher education: Inclusion of educational neuroscience in teacher training in India
Educational neuroscience has warranted much research and showed much promise in recent times. However, there is a lack of effective bridging between research in this field and its implementation in actual classroom settings. In order to bridge this gap, a key strategy is to include educational neuroscience in teacher training and education. The current study uses a survey method to assess student-teachers' awareness, opinions, and openness toward educational neuroscience concepts and techniques. This study examines a snowball sample of 83 Indian student-teachers who joined the Bachelor of Education program in 2018, 2019, and 2020. The results of this study indicate that although most student-teachers are aware of certain techniques, they are unaware that it is part of educational neuroscience. Further, the student-teachers also showed interest in learning such techniques and considered it relevant and useful in classroom teaching. Finally, this study also highlights the role of decision-makers in including educational neuroscience in the B.Ed. program, possibly as an optional paper. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021. All rights reserved. -
Startups' empowerment of employees: An analysis using VOSviewer
The purpose of this study is to evaluate and consolidate existing research on the factors that affect the performance of employees in startup companies. Specifically, it focuses on factors such as empowerment, motivation, dedication, leadership styles, and self-determination. This study aims to understand how these factors influence employee performance in the context of startup organizations. The theoretical framework of this study is based on the HR value chain model. The HR value chain model demonstrates how HR practices can benefit organizations by showing the various HR processes that support a company's goals. Additionally, the study incorporates psychological factors related to employee performance, such as autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The methodology section mentions that the research primarily covers management-related articles from 2010 to 2022. The research involved reviewing primary studies by searching computerized databases and selected journal articles from specific websites. VOSviewer 1.6.18 was used to analyze eligible articles, and bibliometric networks were generated to connect keywords to relevant articles. The study's findings indicate that empowerment, motivation, commitment, and other traits are linked to the success of new startup businesses. Effective leadership tactics play a crucial role in creating a healthier, happier work environment with dedicated employees. It appears that the study identified 20 papers, including 17 research articles, that establish connections between empowerment and startup performance. The use of VOSviewer's overlay bibliometric networks helped visualize these connections. 2024, Malque Publishing. All rights reserved. -
State of local governance and urban development problems: A study of Bengaluru
[No abstract available] -
State of the art MOF-composites and MXene-composites: Synthesis, fabrication and diverse applications
The composites of MXene and Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained considerable attention recently due to their synergic properties. MOFs are advantageous as it offers high surface area, good stability, and tunable chemical structure, MXenes, on the other hand, provide superior ion-transport characteristics, high conductivity, large surface-to-volume ratio, and facile modification strategies. Composite fabrication enables tuning the desired properties of the individual materials and propounds good stability and enhanced performance. This review assembles and describes the composites of MXene and MOF in various fields of application like energy storage devices, sensors, medicinal, separation membranes, medicinal, and photocatalysis in a comprehensible way. Here we first outline the characteristics of MOFs and MXenes along with a comparative study of different synthesis routes for the fabrication of the composites. The review also encompasses a detailed discussion on different industries and applications that the MXene and MOF composites are subjected to. Finally, the review provides future perspective for designing and development of newer composites as well as scope for further industrial approach. 2024 Elsevier Ltd -
State-of-art Techniques for Classification of Breast Cancer: A Review
Cancer is an unexpected and unclear disease that puts many people at risk. Breast cancer has surpassed prostate cancer as the most common cancer in women, as well as the main cause of cancer-related mortality in women. Breast cancer rates have been rising in India for several years, with 100,000 new cases recorded each year. In India, there are up to one million breast cancer patients at any given moment. The survival rate of breast cancer has increased in recent years as a result of advances in technology, effective treatment, and medical care delivery. It extends the lives of the sufferers and improves their quality of life. Breast cancer can be detected using a variety of imaging methods. Radiologists can utilize a computer-aided diagnostic technique to discover and diagnose irregularities earlier and more quickly. Many Computer-Aided Diagnosis methods have been developed to identify breast cancer in its early stages using mammography images. The computer aided diagnostics systems mostly focus on identifying and detecting breast nodules. Staging breast cancer at its detection needs to be focused on, as the treatment is based on the stage of cancer. As a result, this study focuses on producing evaluations on computer aided diagnostics approaches for segmenting nodules and identifying different stages of breast cancer, thereby assisting radiologists in assessing the illness. 2022 IEEE. -
State-of-the-Art and Upcoming Trends in IoT-Enabled Smart Cities
Modern cities tremendous development of urbanization necessitates smart responses to pressing problems like mobility, medical care, power, and civil construction. The Internet of Things (IoT), which can use sustainable data and communication innovations, is evolving into the foundation for the upcoming trends of smart cities. To meet the demands of the expanding populace, several demands of the smart city must be taken into account. The IoT expansion has greatly generated a variety of study avenues for the smart city on the flip side of developing innovation. The suggested research proposal offers the analytic network procedure (ANP) for analyzing smart cities while maintaining in mind application instances of the smart city. In complicated circumstances when there are ambiguous options, the ANP technique performs effectively. The projected methods experimental findings demonstrate its viability for use case-based evaluation of IoT-enabled smart cities. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Prof. (Dr.) Dorota Jelonek, Prof. (Dr.) Narendra Kumar, Prof. (Dr.) Mamta Chahar, Prof. (Dr.) Rusudan Kinkladze and Prof. (Dr.) Lilla Knop; individual chapters, the contributors. -
State-of-the-Art of AI-Driven Smart Technologies
Emergence as a transformative force has redefined the contours of technological innovation across industries and societies. AI-driven smart technologies-ranging from intelligent personal assistants and autonomous vehicles to predictive healthcare systems and smart infrastructure-have transitioned from futuristic concepts to integral components of everyday life. The convergence of other and 5G networks has accelerated intelligent capabilities, including perceiving, reasoning, learning, and real-time. These technologies are designed not merely to automate tasks but to personalize experiences, optimize utilization, and operational efficiencies across multiple domains. The rise of smart technologies is rooted in the rapid growth of algorithms, neural networks, cognitive computing, and autonomy. In the domain of consumer electronics, AI evolution is where thermostats work collaboratively to offer convenience, security, and energy efficiency. These systems can learn user preferences over time, automate routines, and alerts recommendations. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Static Analysis and Machine Learning for Runtime Library Detection in Linux Binaries
The upsurge of malware targeting Internet of Things (IoT) devices demands effective approaches. This work announces a new method, stimulated by MANTILLA, which influences machine learning models. Through a prominence on architecture-independent characteristics from binary procedures, the system progresses its competence to differentiate among several libraries as well as architectures. Classification accuracy is further enhanced by employing a majority voting technique such that the output of the model is robust and reliable. Besides the machine learning-based classification, the paper incorporates a malware detection module based on signature matching. This two-pronged approach enables the system to cross-check discovered runtime libraries against a large database of pre-collected malware signatures. By marking possible security threats according to this comparison, the system greatly increases its ability to identify malicious binaries, thus offering an added layer of security for IoT devices. This unification of detection and classification mechanisms plays an important role in dealing with the changing nature of malware threats. Although encouraging results were obtained through this project, more evaluation should be done for comparison of the efficiency of KNN with other models, for example, Random Forest. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
Static analysis tool for identification of permission misuse by android applications
Android is one of the most important and widely used mobile operating systems in the world. The Android operating system utilizes the permission-based model, which permits Android applications to get user data, framework data, gadget data and other assets of Smartphone. These permissions are affirmations declared by the developer of an application. The permissions granted varies from one application to another, depending on its functionality. During installation, permissions to access the resources of the smartphone are requested by apps. Once the client grants the permission, the apps are allowed to access the granted resources as per its requirement. Android OS is susceptible to different security issues owing to the loopholes in security. This paper mainly focuses on identifying how the permissions granted to a specific application is misused by another application using SharedUserID. The paper also proposes a security tool that identifies a list of applications which are misusing the permissions in a user's Android smartphone. The viability of the tool is tested by using a Proof-of-Concept (PoC) implementation of the security tool. Research India Publications.