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Structural, optical, and electrochromic properties of RT and annealed sputtered tungsten trioxide (WO3) thin films for electrochromic applications by using GLAD technique
Tungsten oxide (WO3) thin films were prepared on the GLAD DC magnetron sputtering (GDMS) and substrate angles were varied from 70 to 80. The WO3 thin films were deposited at room temperature (RT) on corning glass (CG) and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), and substrates and annealed at 400C/2h. The XRD, UvVis spectrometer, and electrochemical analyzer were used to determine the structural, optical, and electrochromic (EC) properties. According to an XRD study, RT-deposited samples were amorphous, but annealed samples displayed crystalline structures. The optical transmittance of RT and annealed samples varied from 59 to 71% and 14 to 28% respectively. The colored/bleached ability of the cyclic voltammograms was RT samples shows greater than in annealed samples. Since the coloration ability and diffusion coefficient of WO3 RT samples show greater than annealed samples. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
Structure and biological properties of exopolysaccharide isolated from Citrobacter freundii
This study aimed to investigate the molecular characterization, antioxidant activity in vitro, cytotoxicity study of an exopolysaccharide isolated from Citrobacter freundii. Firstly, the culture conditions were standardized by the Design of experiments (DoE) based approach, and the final yield of thecrude exopolysaccharide was optimized at 2568 169 mg L?1. One large fraction of exopolysaccharide was obtained from the culture filtrate by size exclusion chromatography and molecular characteristics were studied. A new mannose rich exopolysaccharide (Fraction-I) with average molecular weight ~ 1.34 105 Da was isolated. The sugar analysis showed the presence of mannose and glucose in a molar ratio of nearly 7:2 respectively. The structure of the repeating unit in the exopolysaccharide was determined through chemical and 1D/2D- NMR experiments as:[Formula presented] Finally, the antioxidant activity, and the cytotoxicity of the exopolysaccharide were investigated and the relationship with molecular properties was discussed as well. 2020 Elsevier B.V. -
Structure and mechanism of zinc-finger nucleases-mediated genome editing in plants
The chapter provides a comprehensive exploration of zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), intricate molecular tools designed to integrate genes of interest into target sites, thereby instigating both phenotypic and genotypic transformations. The focal point of this genetic manipulation lies in the activity of the FokI endonuclease enzyme, which, through the formation of homodimers, orchestrates precise cleavage at integration sites. Leveraging the wealth of genomic information across diverse organisms, the chapter elucidates the mechanistic underpinnings of ZFNs. A particular emphasis is placed on the modular assembly of ZFNs, unravelling the formation of ??? motifs and explicating the nuanced mechanisms governing their actions. The application of this methodology in plant engineering holds paramount significance, particularly in the realm of augmenting stress tolerance and nutritional value. The chapter systematically examines the gene of interest for various plants, including tobacco, soybean, Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, and wheat, elucidating the corresponding ZFN mechanisms. The amalgamation of sophisticated genetic tools with a detailed understanding of plant genomes presents a promising avenue for tailoring crops to meet diverse agricultural challenges. This work not only contributes to the fundamental understanding of ZFNs but also underscores their practical implications in advancing crop improvement strategies for sustainable agriculture. CAB International 2025. All rights reserved. -
Structure of molecule, density gradient, orbital locator and reactivity of 5,6-dichloro-1-cyclopentyl-2-(methylsulfinyl)-1H-benzimidazole- potent inhibitor of map kinase
The present work consists of theoretical studies with the DFT technique on the benzo[d]imidazole derivative, 5,6-Dichloro-1-cyclopentyl-2-(methylsulfinyl)-1H-benzimidazole, and its biological evaluation in silico. The molecule is subjected to geometry optimisation and further DFT studies in gas and solvent phases. Upon solvation with polar solvents, gradual variation in properties result. Topological analyses are performed using Multiwfn software (ELF, LOL, RDG and charge transfer) to illustrate the electron density distribution, interactions, and excitation within the title molecule. ADMETLab 2.0, PreADMET, and SwissADME online tools compute the ADMET profile. Select MAP-kinase target proteins are docked against the title molecule using AutoDock Tools and PyMOL. Discovery Studio Visualizer software is run for visualisation and result analysis of the docked ligand-protein complex. 2023 Elsevier B.V. -
Structure-based virtual screening, pharmacokinetic prediction, molecular dynamics studies for the identification of novel EGFR inhibitors in breast cancer
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancy cancer types especially affecting women globally. EGFR is a proto onco gene as well as the first identified tyrosine kinase receptor. It plays a dynamic role in many biological tasks such as apoptosis, cell cycle progression, differentiation, development and transcription. Somatic mutation in the EGFR kinase domain derails the normal kinase activity and over expression leads to the progression of cancer especially breast cancer. EGFR is one of the well-known therapeutic targets for breast cancer. In this scenario, we attempt to identify novel potent inhibitors of EGFR. Initially, we performed structure-based virtual screening and identified four potential compounds effective against EGFR. Further, the compounds were subjected to ADME prediction as part of evaluation of the druggability and all the four compounds found to fall under satisfactory range with predicted pharmacokinetic properties. Eventually, the conformational stability of proteinligand complex was analyzed at different time scale by using Gromacs software. Molecular dynamics simulation run of 20 ns is carried out and results were analyzed using root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) to signify the stability of proteinigand complex. The stability of the proteinligand complex is more stable throughout entire simulation. From the results obtained from in silico studies, we propose that these compounds are exceptionally useful for further lead optimization and drug development. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma. 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Structure-tuned Pr-doped NiFe2O4nanoceramics for enhanced pseudocapacitive performance: Insights from lattice distortion and charge transfer dynamics
In this study, Praseodymium-doped nickel ferrite (NiPrxFe2-xO4, x=0.000.02) nanoceramics were synthesized via an efficient solution combustion method to investigate the structural modifications and their impact on electrochemical performance. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of a single-phase cubic spinel structure across all compositions, with Pr3+substitution inducing measurable lattice distortions and variations in crystallite size. WilliamsonHall analysis revealed a doping-dependent microstrain, highlighting the role of Pr doping in tuning the structural framework. FTIR spectra further confirmed alterations in metaloxygen vibrations at tetrahedral and octahedral sites, supporting the lattice perturbations caused by ionic substitution. Electrochemical characterization using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic chargedischarge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated superior pseudocapacitive behavior for the optimally doped sample (x=0.01), which exhibited a high specific capacitance of 69.2F/g and the lowest charge transfer resistance (0.30?). Scanning electron microscopy revealed a porous and roughened surface morphology in this composition, facilitating rapid ion diffusion and redox kinetics. This is quantitatively supported by a correlation between doping-induced lattice strain, crystallite size, and the resulting enhancement in charge transfer kinetics and redox-active site density. These findings position Pr-doped NiFe2O4nanoceramics as promising candidates for next-generation supercapacitor electrodes. 2025 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. -
Structured text programming to visualize the distribution of packages on a conveyor
Automation is a process of increasing production and reducing the downtime of any industry. With the integration of sensor data to the cloud using an OPC-VA communication protocol, the automation becomes more prominent and interesting. However, many existing industrial controllers do not support open platform communication unified architecture (OPC-VA) and it needs an IIoT device to connect the cloud. The existing programmable logic controller in any industry have to be connected to an IIoT device through Ethernet. Sensors connected to the controller will transmit the data to the IIoT device. The transmission can also be bidirectional. In this paper, a conveyor which distributes packages is simulated in Codesys and it is visualized in a human-machine interface (HMI) screen which is in-built in the software. The hardware set-up is made with the industrial controller to execute the same. A methodology to send the data from the controller to the cloud using open platform communication unified architecture (OPC-UA) is proposed 2023 IEEE. -
StructureProperty Relationships Governing Rheological, Damping, and Thermal Behaviour of Immiscible Natural Rubber/Nitrile Rubber Blend Nanocomposites
Polymer nanocomposites have been attracting significant interest over the last three decades. One of the most intriguing applications is related to the preparation of clay-filled nanocomposites based on rubber blend matrices. Although several studies already exist on the subject, there is limited information available regarding their rheological, thermal, and, particularly, damping behaviour of rubber blend systems. In this work, the rheological, viscoelastic, and thermal behaviour of a natural rubber/nitrile rubber (NR/NBR) blend nanocomposite containing organically modified nanoclay was systematically investigated, and the damping characteristics were also assessed. At a lower nanoclay concentration (5 phr), network formation through fillerfiller and fillerpolymer interactions led to partial immobilization of polymer chains, resulting in a pronounced increase in viscosity and enhanced viscoelastic response. In contrast, at higher nanoclay loading (10 phr), strong agglomeration of filler particles occurred, corresponding to a stacked clay morphology, which hindered effective fillerfiller network formation and weakened fillerpolymer interactions, leading to lower viscosity and reduced damping efficiency. The blend composition and filler content were found to significantly influence the investigated properties, especially the hysteresis loss and the thermal conductivity, which is explained by matrixfiller interactions and the resulting morphology of the system. 2026 by the authors. -
Student alienation and perceived organizational culture: A correlational study
It is generally expected that the students are supposed to gain an engaging and enriching experience throughout their journey of higher education. The educational institutions have to take up the responsibility to ensure that students are engaged meaningfully and are in a state of well-being. However, in the present scenario, students at colleges and universities have started to feel alienated from the campus life. Research shows that alienation levels are rising among the youth. Factors like stress, coping mechanism, restrictive parental behavior, peer pressure, academic performance, and organizational culture have an impact on alienation among the students. This study attempts to understand the relationship between student alienation and organizational culture in an educational institution. The study employed a descriptive correlational design and collected data from 600 under graduate students studying in a university. The study used student alienation scale and organizational culture assessment instrument to collect the survey data. Study revealed that there is a negative correlation between student alienation and organizational culture. There were 30% variation in student alienation is explained by different types of organizational culture. Clan culture reduces student alienation compared to hierarchy culture. The researchers urge for further research to identify ideal organizational cultures that can promote student engagement and student well-being. 2021, Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. -
Student and Teacher Perceptions on AI Integration in Indian Higher Education: A Qualitative Stakeholder Study
This study aimed to explore the perceptions of students and educators in Indian universities regarding the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into higher education, focusing on its role in learning and assignments. The research examined the attitudes and beliefs about AI, particularly in terms of its impact on pedagogical approaches and student learning outcomes. Specifically, the study explored the ethical implications, perceived benefits, and challenges associated with AI usage in the Indian educational context. A phenomenological approach was employed, with data collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions involving students and educators across diverse academic disciplines. Thematic analysis identified key patterns in participants' experiences, revealing both enthusiasm for AI's potential to personalize and enhance education and concerns over its implications for critical thinking, privacy, and educational equity. The findings offer insights for the development of AI-related educational policies in India. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Student engagement and learning during COVID-19: an empirical analysis
COVID-19 pandemic brought along with it a widespread disruption of education system around the world. Schools, colleges and universities were shut all over the world. In order to maintain the continuity of education, educators and students alike adopted the online mode of teaching and learning. While mainstream education was mostly face-to-face; a sudden shift to the online mode of teaching and learning required teachers and students to get acquainted with the platform and tools. This study attempts to test a model to understand the impact of online education on students engagement levels in the context of higher education and the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicate that access to digital resources and teacher effectiveness has positive impact on engagement and student engagement in turn has positive impact on learning outcomes. Stress has negative impact on student learning. The paper also discusses implications of the study and future direction for research. Copyright 2022 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Student engagement in community development: A strategy for whole-person development
Student engagement in community development has been closely linked to enhanced learning outcomes and whole-person development. The Centre for Social Action (CSA) at Christ University emerged as a student-led student-driven initiative to promote volunteerism and engagement in community development that enabled the student community to identify and work on development initiatives. The objective of the chapter is to examine the factors that influence student engagement in community development initiatives and explore the factors that motivate them to volunteer. It also looks at their perception of the benefits for the two main stakeholders in the process, namely the students themselves and the community that they work with. This chapter uses a qualitative framework, and the data is collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with current and past volunteers with CSA. The participants in the study have been selected using purposive sampling techniques and represent students who have worked on the major initiatives undertaken by CSA, namely the activity centre and the various social awareness and sensitization initiatives. The interviews and the focus group discussions have been conducted on virtual meeting platforms, and the data has been analyses thematically. The research design lends itself to a rich exploration of student perception of their engagement in community development, their motivation, the benefits that they perceive of their engagement with the activities for both themselves and other stakeholders, and how it ties into the construct of whole-person development at the individual level and whole-person education at a broader level. 2024 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. -
Student engagement in online learning during COVID-19
Online teaching and learning have become the novel norm amidst COVID-19 pandemic crisis across the world. The educational institutions across the world have switched to online mode of instruction to continue to provide education. Thus, research on effectiveness of online teaching and factors affecting the students engagement in a virtual classroom has gained importance. Students during pandemic are learning at home and lack motivation and confidence in their academic life. The present study aimed to analyze the student engagement and the factors that affect the student engagement in online learning environment. The study employed a quantitative research design to collect data from 600 students attending online classes in schools and colleges of Bangalore, India. The study found that there is a positive correlation between students intrinsic motivation and student engagement. Student engagement increases as the academic pressure or tension decreases. The core findings of the study showed that interest towards learning, perceived competence, and perceived choice of students determines student engagement in online classroom. Almost 33.7 % variance in student engagement is because of students intrinsic motivation. Future researchers may explore external factors affecting student engagement. Student engagement is significant for meaningful learning in online learning environment. Italian e-Learning Association. -
Student Perceptions and Experiences in Mathematics Classrooms: A Thematic Analysis
Classroom experiences contribute to learners' perceptions and interest in a particular subject. The present study aims to understand students' perception of mathematics learning by exploring their classroom experiences. The study sample consisted of 17 eighth-grade students in English-speaking urban schools in South India. The data was collected through a semi-structured interview schedule. The thematic analysis presents five themes student personal factors, teacher-related, content-related, classroom environment and utility value. Teachers characteristics and mathematics content were the essential factors contributing to students' perceptions and experiences. The study highlights the utility value of the content to help students see the application of the subject in real-world situations. Understanding students' perception of mathematics learning would help to choose appropriate content and teaching methods in the curriculum. The study highlights the need for educational and psychological interventions, focusing on student-teacher engagement and curriculum development to enhance mathematics learning. (2023). All Rights Reserved. -
Student Performance Prediction in Learners Centric Approach with Machine Learning
Predicting student performance helps educators locate students who are at risk and tailor appropriate and timely interventions for those students. This research proposes a learner-centered machine learning framework to integrate demographic, academic and behavioral features in order to predict student grade performance. The dataset consists of 2392 students and 15 attributes including age, gender, parental education, study time, absences, and extracurricular activities. Four supervised learning models - Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest and Support Vector Machines (SVM) were trained and measured using 70:30 stratified split. The performance of the model was evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics. Among these, Decision Tree classifier achieved the highest accuracy (92.48%) which was followed by Random Forest (88.31%), SVM (83.51%) and Logistic Regression (75.16%). The results show that such factors as study time, absences, and parental involvement were the most predictive. The proposed learner-centered approach shows that the combination of contextual, behavioral, and academic data can greatly increase the predictive accuracy and the interpretability of the data, facilitating early risk detection and intervention in education. The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. -
Student Subjective Wellbeing amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic in Iran: Role of Loneliness, Resilience and Parental Involvement
The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns potentially severely impact adolescents mental well-being. This research aims to study students subjective well-being during the covid-19 pandemic in Iran and investigate the role of loneliness, resilience, and parental involvement. For this study, 629 students (female = 345) were recruited by purposive sampling. Students were assessed on the Students Subjective Well-Being, Loneliness Scale, Resilience Scale, and Parental Involvement. The results confirm our hypothesis that the relationship between parental involvement and students subjective well-being is mediated by loneliness. Furthermore, the results indicated a partial mediation of resilience in the relationship between parental involvement and students subjective well-being. This study theoretically contributes to a better understanding of the factors determining the impact of traumatic events such as a pandemic on adolescents mental health. The implications of this study indicate interventions that can be carried out to minimize the negative psychological consequences of the pandemic. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. -
Student-centered accountability: Bridging the gap between expectations and outcomes
In order to better meet the needs, experiences, and holistic results of their students, higher education institutions (HEIs) may alter standard accountability frameworks, as this chapter examines. Conventional metrics tend to ignore the growth, wellbeing, and career readiness of individual students while placing a strong emphasis on institutional performance indicators such as employment opportunities, rate of graduation, and financial viability. It explores methods for modifying institutional procedures in response to changing student populations, technological advancements, and a range of learning requirements, with a focus on integrating technology, analytics of data, and stakeholder involvement to improve equality and transparency. A thorough framework for student-centered accountability is also presented in this chapter, along with information on its application, difficulties, and potential to promote a more inclusive and responsive system in higher education. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Student-managed investment funds (SMIFs) in India: the perspectives of student fund managers
Purpose: This paper aims to explore how the student fund managers perceive the benefits of being part of the fund. Furthermore, this paper examines the country-specific challenges of setting up and managing a student-managed investment fund (SMIF) in India. Design/methodology/approach: Qualitative content analysis technique is used to identify, compare and retrieve critical themes about the present state of SMIF clubs in India. The data collection method involved structured, in-depth online interviews with ten student fund managers from various higher educational institutions in India. Findings: Some of the studys key findings indicate that the existence of SMIFs as part of learning facilitates group decision-making and peer learning. Additionally, this study brings to light specific issues related to registration, incorporating real-world practices and integrating SMIF into the academic curriculum. Social implications: The outcomes of this study shall be of use to students and the teaching fraternity across Indian colleges and universities who aspire to set up SMIFs as part of experiential learning. This study will also help existing SMIF clubs in India understand how their counterparts work and can consequently improvise their organizational structure and functioning. Originality/value: To the best of the authors knowledge, this is the first interview-based evaluation of the present structure of SMIFs structured as clubs in India. 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Student's Performance Prediction Using Modified PSO
In the present-day education system, evaluating students' performance is very important. The prediction of student performance is helpful to students and instructors in maintaining a student's progress. Presently, institutions are implementing Continuous Evaluation Systems. This system is beneficial for improving the students' performance and helps increase their regularity in their studies. This work proposed a new version of the particle swarm optimization algorithm to classify students into different categories based on their performance with the help of various factors. The proposed model modified the strategy to increase the optimization algorithm's efficiency. This model deals with the bag of features with the modified optimization algorithm to recognize students' performance based on 33 features. These features are used for training, validation, and testing of the student's performance and generate a classification report which includes F-measure, recall, precision, and accuracy. Based on the classification report, the proposed model is compared with the existing methods, and the better performance of the proposed model is ascertained. 2023 IEEE. -
Students Perception of Chat GPT
An artificial intelligence based Chatbot, ChatGPT was launched by Open AI in November 2022. In the field of education, ChatGPT has several benefits as well as challenges. Chat GPT can be considered as an advanced and a powerful tool to enhance the learning experience. It adds value to the education system only when it is used wisely. However, it is important to understand that the challenges must be addressed. It may act as a good source for collating the information, but it is always advised by the researchers that ones own perspective must be added to draw inferences from the output generated by ChatGPT. Our study supports the finding that ChatGPT can be used for the generation of ideas or to learn a new language. It also becomes imperative for the faculties to motivate students to use ChatGPT and add their inferences as well. AI models like ChatGPT can provide assistance, answer questions and provide explanations on various topics, making learning more accessible and tailored to individual needs. With this paper, we aim to provide a more informed discussion around the usage of ChatGPT in education. 2023 IEEE.