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Systematic investigations of graphene layers in sub-bituminous coal
Coal is the plentiful and widely and universally used fuel. However, its structural characteristic makes a perception that it is only worthwhile for generating energy via combustion. Herein we report a simple method to synthesize nanometre-sized graphene sheets with amorphous carbon addends on the edges from sub-bituminous coal. The X-ray analysis reveals the presence of crystalline carbon in the amorphous background. The average number of carbon atoms and aromatic layers was estimated as ?21 and 8. The interlayer spacing d 002 for the aromatic lamellae of samples leached using HF and acetic acid, are found to be 0.352 and 0.376 nm, respectively. The oxidation of coal structure resulted in nanometre sized graphene having lateral size of 4.19 nm and stacking height of 2.3 nm. The Raman spectrum analysis confirmed the formation of finite sized, less defective graphene nanolayers with leaching. The crystalline carbon within the coal matrix displaced with chemical leaching, resulting nano-meter sized graphene sheets. The results also established that with HF leaching, carbon in coal becomes more stacked and ordered compared to organic acid leached coal. 2014 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. -
Systematic literature review and future research directions for service robots in hospitality and tourism industries; [????????????????????????]
Service robots create a touchless experience for travellers; therefore, this research aims to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) of service robots in the tourism and hospitality sector. This study used the Scientific Procedures and Rationales for Systematic Literature Reviews (SPAR-4-SLR) approach for reviewing the articles. One hundred eighteen articles are selected for the final review. A thematic analysis divided the articles into three themes and nine sub-themes. For establishing the future research directions Theory, Methodology, and Context (TMC) framework was used and forty-one future research questions are proposed. The study provides various research implications concerning theory and practical perspective. Different management theories are linked with future research questions. Few review papers discussed the service robot in the context of the tourism sector, but none of these studies used the SPAR-4-SLR and TMC framework. This study comprehensively reviews the articles and provides potential future research directions. 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Systematic Literature Review Methodology and Enabling Systems: A Rigorous Framework for Evidence Synthesis
The exponential rise in academic publications has made synthesizing knowledge and identifying research gaps increasingly challenging. The Systematic Literature Review (SLR) offers a rigorous, transparent, and reproducible approach to evidence synthesis. This chapter discusses the methodological foundations and digital systems that support SLRs, distinguishing them from narrative and scoping reviews. It details key phases such as question formulation, protocol design, search, screening, data extraction, quality appraisal, and synthesis, referencing frameworks like PRISMA 2020. Additionally, it explores the role of AI-driven tools (e.g., EPPI-Reviewer, DistillerSR, Covidence, Rayyan) in improving efficiency and scalability. The chapter concludes with challenges, ethical concerns, and future directions, emphasizing AI integration and living review methodologies. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Systematic Literature Review on Industry Revolution 4.0 to Enhance Supply Chain Operation Performance
Industry 4.0 is a notion in which industries automate systems and processes, innovate digitally, and share information. It aims to obtain a smart factory in an attempt to lessen required time in responding to consumer demand or unexpected circumstances and to enhance organizational productivity. The integration of Industry 4.0 and supply chain management (SCM) ensures immense development opportunities for manufacturing firms. This article provides a systematic literature review and formulation of the existing research on Industry 4.0 in SCM, resulting in some intriguing analyses that will be useful to academics and industry, particularly top managers. The content of the article is classified into three categories: exploratory vs. confirmatory, qualitative vs. quantitative, and management level vs. technology level. The findings will benefit managers in understanding the significance of Industry 4.0 and its relationship with SCM. The formation of clusters and their affiliations has resulted in the emergence of new areas requiring managerial attention. The article concludes by examining the possibilities of the present and future research. 2022 ACM. -
Systematic Literature Review on Industry Revolution 4.0 to Predict Maintenance and Life Time of Machines in Manufacturing Industry
Industry 4.0 is digitized revolution for manufacturers or companies where in new technologies are imbibed into their production system for their day-to-day operations or activities. So that their overall economic needs and efficiency can be improved. In manufacturing industry maintenance of the equipment is the key concern. When the equipment requires maintenance, it has to be done at the earliest, failing which companies will have to face consequences in terms of loss of customers, time and money. Solution is provided to this problem in terms of a technique called predictive maintenance. The content of the article focuses on different predictive maintenance strategies, which help manufacturers to forecast if equipment/component will fail so that its maintenance and repair can be scheduled exactly before the component fails. The results will be useful for manufacturers to understand the importance of industry 4.0 for predictive maintenance. 2023 IEEE. -
Systematic Review of Interparental Conflict and Intimate Relationship Satisfaction of Adult Offspring
Purpose: The objective of this paper is to synthesize a systematic review and showcase the findings of how interparental conflict affects the adult offsprings relationship satisfaction. Approach: The paper follows a systematic review approach adhering to PRISMA Guidelines. Findings: Three major themes were identified by the researcher that explained the consequences of interparental conflict on adult offspring. The themes are-Offspring Factors, Offspring factors feature the significant components and factors of offspring that highlight the differences in impact of interparental conflict on ones own romantic relationship; Consequences of Interparental Conflict on Offspring, which highlights the various corollaries on offspring of divorce; and Parent Factors help understand the different parental elements that affect relationship satisfaction of adult offspring. Limitations: 4 full text articles could not be accessed by the author, and hence were not accounted for in the study. Practical Implications: The study helps practitioners comprehend the extensive effects of interparental conflict for usage in therapeutic setups. It also highlights research gaps in existing literature such as lack of studies focusing on men, LGBTQ+ population, children from polygamous families and multicultural cohorts. Value/Originality: Despite the numerous studies published on the topic interparental conflict and its effects on adult offspring, no review has been done to the authors knowledge, thereby limiting the accessibility of precise information. The research aims to bridge this gap, and make comprehensive findings easily accessible. 2022 RESTORATIVE JUSTICE FOR ALL. -
Systematic Review on Decentralised Artificial Intelligence and Its Applications
Initially, Artificial Intelligence (AI) models were centralized. This resulted in various challenges. To overcome this challenge, the decentralized or distributed frameworks were developed. Recent advancements in blockchain technology and cryptography have accelerated the decentralization process. Decentralized Artificial Intelligence (DAI) is gaining a significant research attention in recent times. This study reviews various DAI techniques such as Decentralized machine learning frameworks, Federated Learning and Distributed AI marketplaces. In particular, this study focuses on reviewing the recent developments in DAI by analyzing its potential advantages and challenges. 2023 IEEE. -
Systematic Review on Humanizing Machine Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence
In this era, Machine Learning is transforming human lives in a very different way. The need to give machines the power to make decisions or giving the moral compass is a big dilemma when humanity is more divided than it has ever been. There are two main ways in which law and AI interact. AI may be subject to legal restrictions and be employed in courtroom procedures. The world around us is being significantly and swiftly changed by AI in all of its manifestations. Public law includes important facets such as nondiscrimination law and labor law. In a manner similar to this when artificial intelligence (AI) is applied to tangible technology like robots. In certain cases, artificial intelligence (AI) might be hardly noticeable to customers but evident to those who built and are using it. The behavior research offers suggestions for how to build enduring and beneficial interactions between intelligent robots and people. The human improvement is main obstacles in the development and implementation of artificial intelligence. Best practices in this area are not governed by any one strategy that is generally acknowledged. Machine learning is about to revolutionize society as it is know it. It is crucial to give intelligent computers a moral compass now more than ever before because of how divided mankind is. Although machine learning has limitless potential, inappropriate usage might have detrimental long-term implications. It will think about how, for instance, earlier cultures built trust and improved social interactions via creative answers to many of the ethical issues that machine learning is posing now. 2023 IEEE. -
Systematic Review on Online Brand Advocacy's (OBA) Antecedents and Consequences
Objective: The primary objective of this study is to discern and synthesize the antecedents and consequences of online brand advocacy (OBA) through a systematic review of empirical studies that employ OBA as a measurable construct. In this study, the gap in our knowledge about the drivers and the effect of OBA is identified, with the synthesis of empirical evidence being made on a systematic level to determine the main antecedents and outcomes of OBA. Methodology: A total of 35 peer-reviewed articles were compiled from Web of Science, Taylor and Francis, Springer, and Sage databases. The search keywords included OBA, Online brand advocacy, and brand advocacy. Inclusion criteria were restricted to quantitative, survey-based empirical studies conducted between 2010 to 2021. Findings: The antecedents, consequences and theories of OBA were categorised into six themes: customer-brand relational factors were brand identification, brand equity, trust factors, brand loyalty, brand authenticity, customer satisfaction, individual factors were intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, personality congruence, brand experience, brand love, cognitive and affective image and social factors were community involvement, brand community attachment, social identity, firm performance, wealth creation. Based on theoretical foundations, we have the social identity theory and the social influence theory as the last theme. Originality/value: This review is novel in compiling and categorising the antecedents, consequences, and theories of OBA as used in empirical studies, providing a solid foundation for advancing research on OBA. The Research Publication,. -
Systemless authoritarianism, counter-archives, and literary witnessing: a New Historicist and cultural-political reading of Arundhati Roys The Ministry of Utmost Happiness
Arundhati Roys The Ministry of Utmost Happiness offers a significant literary response to the evolving forms of authoritarianism in postcolonial India. This article uses a New Historicist and cultural-political framework to analyse the idea of systemless authoritarianism. Instead of using overt state force, the idea refers to a diffused and socially acceptable type of authority that functions through common institutions, cultural norms, and unofficial practices. Roys multi-voiced narrative focuses on marginalised characters such as Anjum, Tilo, and Musa, whose interwoven stories show how repression is intertwined with caste, gender, bureaucracy, and territorial warfare. Using theoretical concepts from Antonio Gramsci, Marlies Glasius, Michel Foucault, and Stephen Greenblatt, the study looks at Roys creation of a counter-archive that challenges official narratives and offers a voice to those who have been silenced. By examining spaces such as the militarised Kashmir Valley and the Jannat Guest House, the study demonstrates how authoritarian authority operates through internalised discipline and cultural consensus inside democratic communities. Ultimately, the novels fractured narrative structure, documentary style, and intertextual elements function as literary witnessing acts that resist authoritarian erasure and recreate various forms of belonging. 2026 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Tackling Malnutrition Among Children in India: The Role of National Health Policies
Child malnutrition in India is a significant public health concern. While there has been progress in reducing stunting, wasting, and underweight rates among children, the prevalence of malnutrition remains high, especially with a recent increase in childhood anaemia. It is essential to implement effective national health policies and programmes to address this issue. Initiatives such as the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), the Mid-Day Meal Scheme (MDMS), and the National Health Policy 2017 play a pivotal role in enhancing nutritional and health outcomes for children. However, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, socio-economic disparities, and a lack of parental education and awareness hinder the effectiveness of these programmes. Misconceptions about nutrition and child-feeding practices among mothers are also significant contributors to malnutrition. This chapter aims to explore the potential of national health policies in combating child malnutrition in India and addressing the role they play in improving childrens nutritional status. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
Tadpole domination number of graphs
The graph obtained by joining cycle Cm to a path Pn with a bridge is called Tadpole graph denoted by Tm,n. A subset D of V (G) is said to be a tadpole dominating set of G if D is a dominating set and the set of vertices of D spans a tadpole graph Tm,n where m ? 3, n ? 1. In this paper, we find the tadpole domination number of cartesian product of certain graphs, namely, paths, cycles and complete graphs. Also the tadpole domination number for the Mycielskian of cycles and paths is obtained. 2023 World Scientific Publishing Company. -
Tag indicator: a new predictive tool for stock trading
In this paper, TAGan indicator for stock market prediction in which volume-based means for measuring potential trading and investing decision-making is introduced. This task has been in correlation of the changes in the volume with the changes in the actual trade volume. Using this, a concise trading strategy is formulated. Hoping to outperform the market and analyze the results by back testing across intraday, price data for the last 1 year, 2019, is performed. It was discovered that about 48.9% of the time, the volume-based trading strategy outperformed and the returns from market are also healthy enough to support the claim. Statistical methods like linear regression, mean square error in prediction and stochastic gradient descent are applied. Furthermore, while the scope of the study was limited to a few stocks in Nifty in order to mitigate selection bias, nonetheless, we hypothesize that numerous other assets that similarly possess a predictable correlation to volumes based on daily high and low are likely to exist. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2021. -
Taguchi-based ANN predictions to analyze the tensile strength of adhesive-bonded single lap joints
The adhesive bonding method is commonly used in various industries to join different materials because of its benefits, which include a high strength-to-weight ratio, low cost, and high efficiency properties. Automotive, aerospace, marine, and construction industries are increasingly using adhesively bonded joints because the hand layup techniques involve simpler fabrication methodologies, maintenance procedures, and controllable stress distribution parameters in the overlap region, which ultimately lead to easier production of automobile, aircraft, and ship components. The objective of the present work is primarily to assess the overlap length in conjunction with the adhesive strength of glass-epoxy adherends bonded with epoxy resin. In this article, the experiments are performed on single lap-bonded joints. The parameters considered for the current work involve the length of overlap, which is maintained at 15, 25, and 35 mm, and adhesive bonding thickness that is maintained at 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5 mm, respectively. The strength of the adhesively bonded lap joint is determined using a Universal Testing Machine (Lloyd Instruments Ltd., West Sussex, United Kingdom) with a 1-20 kN capacity. The investigational outcome reveals that, as the overlap length of the adhesively bonded single lap joint increases, a substantial increase in the joint strength is observed; additionally, it is noted that, with the increase in adhesive thickness, the joint strength decreases. It was observed that the artificial neural network-predicted values from the analysis were extremely close to the experimental values, and the difference between the experimental and predicted values was very small. Copyright 2018 by ASTM International. -
Tailor-Made Polyelectrolyte Multilayers for the Removal of Obidoxime from Water in Microfiltration Process
Abstract: The aim of this study was to develop and review the properties including removal efficacy of novel polyelectrolyte based multilayers against a pharmaceutical, obidoxime (OBD) from water. After examining a wide range of bilayer pairs based on different polyelectrolytes, the layer-by-layer (LbL) modification of polyamide microfiltration membrane with a uniform coating of poly(diallyldimethylammoniumchloride) (PDAC) and poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) (PSS) multilayers was found to be effective in its removal. The characterization of the bilayer pair was done with analytical instruments like UV-vis spectroscopy, ATR-FTIR, spectroscopic ellipsometry, TGA, SEM and AFM. The characterization of bilayer pairs demonstrated the stability and integrity of bilayer pair. The removal efficiency of bilayer buildup was analyzed by adjusting different assembly conditions and other filtration parameters. The maximum removal rate by the bilayer was 99.26% for 7 bilayer with average permeate flux of 6.19 m3/m2 day. These bilayers exhibit stable rejection properties under various applied conditions including change in pH, presence of anions, and macromolecules etc. suggesting its potential rejection application. The major factors that facilitate the rejection are found to be hydrophilic interaction and steric factor. The present study validated the application of polyelectrolyte modified microfiltration membranes as a potentially feasible and promising method for the removal of obidoxime residues from water matrix. 2020, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. -
Tailored cobaltnickel phospho-boride from metalorganic frameworks as high-performance catalyst for NaBH4 dehydrogenation
Achieving efficient hydrogen generation (HGR) via the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) remains a key challenge in developing cost-effective and high-performance catalytic systems for chemical hydrogen storage. In this study, we present a novel bimetallic phospho-boride-modified metal-organic framework catalyst (CoNi-PB-MOF), synthesized through a two-step process involving hydrothermal assembly followed by chemical reduction. The co-incorporation of phosphorus and boron into the bimetallic Co-Ni MOF facilitates the formation of 2D MOF-derived nanoplates embedded with Co3O4 nanoparticles doped with P and B. This hybrid structure features a high surface area, abundant active sites, and reduced charge-transfer resistance, enabling superior catalytic activity. The CoNi-PB-MOF catalyst achieves an impressive HGR of 7.33 L/min/g from NaBH4 hydrolysis, outperforming its monometallic counterparts. Comprehensive physicochemical and electrochemical analyses confirm the synergistic roles of Co, Ni, P, and B in enhancing catalytic performance, while preserving the porous MOF morphology post-modification. The CoNi-PB-MOF catalyst exhibits a low activation energy of 25.6 kJ/mol, along with excellent thermal stability and cyclic durability under harsh conditions. Kinetic studies reveal a zero-order reaction with respect to NaBH4 concentration, attributed to efficient mass transport and surface diffusion on the optimized catalyst surface. 2025 Elsevier B.V. -
Tailored Garment Recommendations Using Computer Vision and Machine Learning
In the realm of online shopping, despite the many advancements made in this specific field, the dilemma of finding the best clothing items that are right fit and meet the style preference of a consumer and avoid returns is yet to be completely solved. This problem has often resulted in customer dissatisfaction. The proposed system intends to deal with this problem by analyzing the users body size and suggesting the best fitting garment that suits their size and style with the help of advanced computer vision and machine learning technologies. This approach not only provides an improved online shopping experience with personalized recommendations, it furthermore contributes toward reducing the environmental impact caused by the return of ill-fitting clothing hence promoting sustainability. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Tailored Optoelectronic Materials: DES-Modified MWCNTs in PVA Matrix for Advanced Polymeric Films
Integrating optoelectronic functionalities with advanced materials offers exciting potential for novel composite systems. This study investigates the synthesis, characterization, and optoelectronic applications of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) surface-modified with choline chloride-urea (1:2) deep eutectic solvents (DES), known as Reline. Dispersion of Reline-enhanced MWCNT within the PVA matrix is meticulously described. DES-grafted MWCNTs demonstrate improved solubility, leading to superior dispersion within the polymer, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The influence of Reline-grafted MWCNT loading on the films' optoelectronic properties, including optical absorbance, bandgap, and electrical conductivity, is systematically analyzed. Results show that DES-grafted MWCNTs significantly enhance these properties, indicating strong potential for these composites in optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, photovoltaics, photodetectors, and light-emitting devices. 2025 by the authors. -
Tailoring a Multifunctional PEDOT/Co3O4-CeO2 Composite for Sustainable Energy Applications
Energy sources play a crucial role in the development of the society. The gargantuan depletion of fossil fuels creates new glitches in the routine activities of human beings. Electrocatalysts can efficiently produce and store energy and, therefore, have the potential to alleviate this situation. A multifunctional electrocatalyst, Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/cobalt oxide-cerium oxide(PEDOT/Co3O4-CeO2), is synthesized by incorporating mixed metal oxide to 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) using the in situ chemical oxidative polymerization method and is employed for both energy production and storage applications. The successful synthesis of the catalyst is confirmed through various characterization techniques. The composite shows a specific capacity of 617.8Cg?1 and a specific capacitance value of 1298.1Fg?1. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) analysis shows that the composite requires a low overpotential of 163.1mV at a current density of 10mAcm?2. Synthesized electrocatalysts can effectively handle the energy related issues prevailing in the society. 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Tailoring acid-base sites and oxygen vacancies in boron- and sulfur-integrated cobalt oxide for high-performance NaBH4 dehydrogenation
Catalytic hydrolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) offers an effective route for on-demand hydrogen generation. In this study, we develop a sulfur and boron modified cobalt oxide catalyst (S-B-CoxOy), through controlled calcination, for hydrogen production from NaBH4. The catalyst achieves a high hydrogen generation rate of 5,400 mL min?1 g?1, facilitated by synergistic enhancements in crystallinity, defect density, and acid-base site distribution. Sulfur and boron incorporation enhances oxygen vacancies and increases active site density, promoting efficient adsorption and activation of NaBH4 and water. NH3-TPD and CO2-TPD confirm balanced acid-base functionalities crucial for electron transfer and intermediate stabilization. A thermally induced phase transition from Co3O4 to CoO, along with increased surface area, further boosts activity. Kinetic studies reveal a zero-order dependence on NaBH4 concentration, demonstrating that the reaction rate is primarily governed by the catalyst's surface properties. This work highlights the importance of defect engineering and surface tuning for efficient hydrogen generation. 2025