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The enigmatic gut-brain-immune trio in brain and behavior disorders
The human gut is a bustling colony of micro-inhabitants such as bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. These microbes inhabited the earth trillions of years before humans, evolved along with humans, and have now outnumbered humans. It has now been established without doubt that these microbiota within us play a significant role in the maintenance of our physical health. They exist in a symbiotic and/or commensal relationship within the host body and assist in digestion, metabolism, and regulation of the immune functions. Interestingly, recent reports suggest that these aliens can regulated our brain and behaviour too. The role of the gut-brain axis in the overall well-being is becoming increasingly evident and nurturing this connection might address many of the challenges in targeting illnesses of the brain. Moreover, in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, more and more evidences have unfolded suggesting the impact of peripheral inflammation on mental health. Here, the importance of gut microbes, peripheral immune system, and their influence on brain diseases is addressed. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
The Establishment of Quantum Networks
The establishment of quantum networks marks an important revolution in quantum information science. This chapter delivers an exploration of the basics, building blocks, architecture, challenges, and future directions of quantum networks. The chapter starts with an introduction to quantum networks, the importance of quantum networks, and potential applications. Quantum networks influence the principles of quantum mechanics, including quantum entanglement and superposition, to facilitate secure communication, quantum computing, and quantum key distribution. The objective and scope of the chapter are defined, providing the first step for a comprehensive analysis. Essential concepts in quantum information science are conferred in the second section. Readers are familiarized to quantum mechanics and its significance to quantum networks. The quantum entanglement and superposition are explained, as they form the basis for several quantum message protocols. Quantum computing and quantum key distribution are the integral components of quantum networks and are also explored. The building blocks of quantum networks are covered in the next section. The Quantum hardware including quantum bits, quantum gates, and quantum processors is also discussed. The purpose of quantum communication channels, such as quantum optical fibers, quantum links, and satellite-based quantum communication, is inspected. These components are essential for transmitting as well as processing quantum information reliably and efficiently. The architecture of quantum networks is detailed in the subsequent section. Various network topologies, ranging from point-to-point connections to quantum indigenous area networks, quantum metropolitan area networks, and quantum wide area networks, are explored in this section. The functions of quantum network nodes and the use of quantum repeaters, quantum switches, and quantum memories are explained. Furthermore, quantum network protocols, including quantum teleportation, routing and switching, error correction, and key distribution, are discussed in detail. The establishment of quantum networks presents a number of challenges, which are addressed in the fifth section. Quantum noise, essential obstacles to quantum communication, are studied. Approaches for quantum error correction are explored. The considerations for network scalability, security, synchronization, management, and monitoring are also discussed. Solutions to these challenges are essential for the effective deployment of quantum networks. The current state of quantum network progress is presented in the sixth section. Investigational quantum networks and real-world implementations are also discussed. Case studies and success stories highlight the practical applications and potential impact of quantum networks. Future directions and emerging trends in quantum networks are outlined in the seventh section. Exploration includes the interoperability of quantum networks, the expansion of a global quantum internet, the development of quantum networks worldwide, quantum cloud computing, quantum sensor networks, and the incorporation of quantum machine learning into network operations. These improvements have the potential to reshape industries and scientific fields, providing a concrete path for transformative technologies. In conclusion, this chapter delivers an outline of the establishment of quantum networks. It covers the fundamentals, building blocks, architecture, challenges, and future directions of quantum networks. By investigating into these topics, this chapter aims to encourage researchers and engineers to explore the enormous opportunities presented by quantum networks and contribute to their improvement and realization. 2025 Scrivener Publishing LLC.. -
The ethics of collaborating with social media influencers: Influencers and psychological well-being
This study highlights the importance of placing influencers' psychological well-being as a top priority in influencer marketing. In light of the growing influencers' impact on brand perceptions and consumer behavior, addressing their obstacles is crucial to promoting an ethical and sustainable ecosystem. The demands of upholding genuineness and regulating personal limits can profoundly affect the psychological well-being of influencers. Acknowledging and giving precedence to the welfare of others is an ethical obligation and a critical factor in ensuring sustained success in collaborative endeavors. Suggested ideas for a genuine brand-influencer partnership encompass advocating for mental well-being and fostering open and honest communication. These suggestions can cultivate a more accountable, enduring, and genuine influencer marketing ecosystem. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
The Evaluation of Security and Privacy Components in the Context of Peer-To-Peer Power Trading Methodologies using Network Intelligence
The widespread implementation of renewable energy sources, along with a more proactive approach to managing electricity use, is causing a shift in the way power systems operate and electricity is traded in the market. The P2P economy in particular is benefiting from this change. To efficiently handle the fast changes in renewable power generation at the distribution network level, a local market mechanism that can adapt is required. The efficient and safe operation of the distribution network is also bound to be affected by the extensive adoption of P2P energy trading. This study presents a new paradigm for P2P power trading that accounts for constraints imposed by distribution network security. Specifically, the design makes use of the generalised quick dual ascent method. The article lays out the groundwork for an event-based local peer-to-peer market, which would facilitate rapid and efficient energy swaps inside a certain region. The next step in making sure the distribution system is secure is to evaluate the impact of peer-to-peer transactions on the network using the nodal voltage and network loss in relation to nodal power injections. This allows for an internal determination of how to distribute the costs of P2P energy trading and the incorporation of the external operating constraints. Distributed market-clearing is also applied efficiently by means of a universal quick dual ascent technique. The numerical results show that the proposed model can implement P2P energy trading securely into the distribution system. Furthermore, the method for solving the problem shows remarkable efficiency in achieving convergence. 2024, Auricle Global Society of Education and Research. All rights reserved. -
The evaluation of the electrochemical properties of Co3O4 nanopowders synthesized by autocombustion and solgel methods
The present investigation involves two synthesis methods, autocombustion (Co3O4-AC) and solgel (Co3O4-SG), for producing nearly spherical-shaped and polygonal shaped nanomaterials of spinel cobalt oxide (Co3O4) respectively as electrode materials. TEM image analysis unveiled distinct particle morphologies for the two samples. The Co3O4-AC particles exhibited a nearly spherical shape, whereas the Co3O4-SG particles displayed a polygonal shape. The phase purity of the Co3O4 samples were confirmed via XRD patterns analysis and the crystallite size was calculated to be 44nm for Co3O4-AC and 36nm for Co3O4-SG. The surface area, estimated via BET experiments, of Co3O4-AC was found to be 15m2/g, while Co3O4-SG exhibited a slightly lower surface area of 11m2/g. Co3O4-AC exhibited a higher specific capacitance (Cs) of 162F/g at 0.25A/g, indicating its superior energy storage capability. On the other hand, Co3O4-SG shows a Cs of 98F/g, indicating slightly lower performance compared to Co3O4-AC. Both nanomaterials exhibited better stability, with more than 85% capacity retention after 5000 chargedischarge cycles. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to the Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences. -
The Evolution of Cloud Computing: A Study of Aspirational Technologies and Practical Achievements
Cloud computing has transformed the digital landscape, providing scalability, cost efficiency, and seamless access to computing resources. Yet, there is a gap between its theoretical aspirations and real-world achievements because of data privacy concerns, regulatory compliance, vendor lock-in, and performance bottlenecks. This paper critically examines these disparities through case studies, technological breakthroughs, and industry trends as a guide to understanding these impediments to cloud adoption. The study reviews the theoretical background of cloud computing, which include models related to deployment and service, and illustrates its successes in performance, reliability, and security. Persistent barriers, however, mean security and compliance are insecure while cost unpredictability remains a concern for organizations in using the maximum potential of a cloud. The study proposes strategic solutions that can serve to bridge the gap in terms of hybrid and multi-cloud adoption, AI-driven security frameworks, regulatory compliance automation, and various cost optimization techniques. Emerging trends like quantum computing, edge computing, and green cloud initiatives are shaping the future of cloud computing. By implementing these solutions, more is made out of the potential of cloud computing in securing a more efficient and sustainable digital infrastructure. 2025 IEEE. -
The evolution of currency: A comparative study of the barter system and cryptocurrency
The barter system, the oldest form of exchange dating back to human civilization, involves directly exchanging goods and services without using money. However, it comes with limitations, such as the requirement for a double coincidence of wants, difficulties in valuing goods and services, and the absence of a store of value. Over time, various forms of money emerged to overcome these limitations. Commodity money, like gold and silver, gained value due to their rarity and intrinsic worth. Later, fiat currencies were introduced, backed by trust rather than physical commodities. In contrast, cryptocurrency, a new digital currency not issued by any central authority, relies on blockchain technology for secure and anonymous transactions. This paper traces the evolution of currency from medieval times to the present digital era and explores the differences between the barter system, fiat currency, and cryptocurrency. It also delves into the potential of cryptocurrency to revolutionize our perception of money. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
The Evolution of Forecasting Techniques: Traditional Versus Machine Learning Methods
Forecasting is used effectively and efficiently to support decision-making for the future. Over time, several methods have been created to conduct forecasting. Finding a forecasting technique with the ability to provide the best estimate of the system being modeled has always been a challenge. The selection and comparison criteria for forecasting methodologies can be organized in a variety of ways. Accurate forecasting has a great demand for various fields like weather prediction, economic condition, business forecasting, demand and supply forecasts and many more. When deciding whether to utilize a certain model to predict future events, accuracy is very important. In every field, machine learning (ML) algorithms are being used to forecast future events. These algorithms can handle more complex data and make predictions that are more accurate. Based on the least values of forecasting errors, forecasters create a model to determine the best strategy for prediction. For centuries, forecasting has been used to assist individuals in making future-related decisions. In the past, forecasts were based on intuition and experience, but as technology has advanced, so have forecasting methods. Currently, advanced ML models and methods for data analysis are used to provide forecasts. To forecast the future, these models incorporate a range of inputs, including historical data, present trends, and economic indicators. Forecasting is a vital tool for businesses to employ when making future plans. It is used in a wide range of industries, from finance to weather prediction. 2024 Sachi Nandan Mohanty, Preethi Nanjundan and Tejaswini Kar. -
The Evolution of Interindustry Technology Linkage Topics and Its Analysis Framework in Three-Dimensional Printing Technology
The mutual influence and complementarity of technologies between different industries are becoming increasingly prominent. Revealing the topic evolution of technology linkages between industries is the foundation for understanding the technological development trend of the industry. Although numerous works have focused on technology topic mining and its evolution characteristics, these works have not accurately represented the interindustry technology linkage, analyze the related topics and even ignored the technological development characteristics hidden in the topic evolution pathway. Since the Lingo algorithm fully considers the time-series characteristics of the topics, and the knowledge evolution theory can reveal three inherent characteristics in the evolution of knowledge topics, namely, 'stability, heredity, and variability,' this article aims to combine the Lingo algorithm and the knowledge evolution theory to analyze the topic evolution of interindustry technology linkages. Additionally, because three-dimensional (3-D) printing technology has significant interdisciplinary and cross-industry characteristics, a wide range of application fields, and various interindustry technology linkages, 3-D printing technology is used for empirical analysis. The empirical results show that the key topics of interindustry technology linkages in 3-D printing include model design, manufacturing methods, manufacturing equipment, manufacturing material, and application. In addition, all these topics have the development feature of heredity. However, the topic of manufacturing materials presents significant variability, the topic of manufacturing methods has the strongest stability, and multiple subtopics of the five topics show variability and genetic intersection. 2023 IEEE. -
The Evolving Prospects of Bharatanatyam: An Enquiry on Changing Religious Landscape
As cultural boundaries expand, symbols of cultural identity, like dance forms, evolve in terms of content and practice. Bharatanatyam, originally a temple dance, originated in the Hindu culture and had long been considered a religious art. However, the art form has gradually expanded its scope beyond its religious context. Contemporary evidence suggests that artists increasingly engage in performances addressing themes that are secular and even compositions based on other religious beliefs, but not without challenges. This article brings to light the evolving religious aspects of Bharatanatyam and investigates novel elements being introduced by cross-religious practices, such as thematic innovations, choreographic patterns and symbolic representations. By analysing data from in-depth interviews with twenty artists from diverse religious backgrounds, the authors argue that religious conservatism in society hinders the evolution of art forms such as Bharatanatyam that have the potential to adapt across and beyond religions. Edinburgh University Press. -
The Evolving Role of AI in Cybersecurity Insurance: Enhancing Risk Assessment and Threat Detection
Cybersecurity insurance is a very important defense against data breaches, cyberattacks, and AI-powered system failures. As the use of AI becomes more widespread in business operations, insurers are now assessing emerging risks such as algorithmic errors, adversarial attacks, and data manipulation. As the cybersecurity insurance industry grows, organizations need to implement AI-specific safeguards to mitigate vulnerabilities. This study uses a mixed methods approach, by incorporating qualitative case studies for the integration of AI in claims processing with quantitative analysis on AI-driven risk assessment models. The method will be based on surveys, expert interviews, and real insurance claim analysis. Important goals involve the improvement of assessments of risk, underwriting, and claims processing through AI. Case studies of AI-enabled threat detection tools, including Darktrace, Microsoft Sentinel, and Google's phishing detection, demonstrate the AI impact in cybersecurity. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
The Executive Copilot: Investigating the Impact of Generative AI Assistants on Strategic Decision-Making, Leadership Efficiency, and Managerial Creativity
The generative artificial intelligence (AI) revolution has given rise to a class of technology - executive copilots that are designed to unclog the brains of overworked managers in the 21st century. This paper examines the effects of generative AI assistants on three intertwined facets of executive performance - strategic decision making, leadership effectiveness, and managerial creativity. Early literature suggests that AI systems could automate administrative tasks and offer data-driven insights; however, we still lack an understanding of their comprehensive impact on executive tasks and outcomes. To bridge this gap, the study uses a multimethod research design, drawing on survey data from 350 senior executives from various firms, controlled experimental studies of strategic problem solving, and in-depth case analysis of firms in finance, consulting, and technology sectors. Results suggest that AI copilots contribute significantly to faster decision-making and creative output by helping to synthesize information and sparking divergent thinking rapidly. Consistent with this, results reveal that a potential 'caveat' of overreliance on AI-generated recommendations might lead to less scrutiny and thus the fragility of the high-stakes decision-making in practice. Theoretically, the study extends the leadership augmentation theory to the context of generative AI. It extends the conceptualization of the executive copilot in terms of a complementary agent that adjusts the boundary of human-machine collaboration. Pragmatically, it has implications for executive education, corporate governance, and the design of responsible AI uptake strategies. Through methodical analysis of opportunities and risks, this study offers a nuanced view of how executive copilots change leadership practice in the era of intelligent augmentation. 2025 IEEE. -
The facile and efficient organocatalytic platform for accessing 1,2,4-selenadiazoles and thiadiazoles under aerobic conditions
The first organocatalytic approach towards synthesis of rarely explored 1,2,4-selenadiazole and thiadiazole scaffolds have been devised using corresponding carboxamides as substrates. The transformations were realized using two distinct conditions in the presence of catalytic vitamin B3 or thiourea under aerobic conditions. Developed methods overcome the associated limitations of previous reported approaches and the desired products were obtained in high yields and selectivity without the formation of toxic side-products. 2018 Elsevier Ltd -
The Factors Impacting Parental Choice in Picking Non-public Schools for Their Children
The purpose of the study was to investigate the school related factors influencing parental choice of private schools in the city of Bangalore. The study intended to analyze factors affecting parents choice of private schools in Bangalore, to discuss the extent to which various factors influence parents choice of private schools. The study used descriptive survey design. The target population of this study consisted of all parents of students studying in private primary schools in the city of Bangalore. A total sample of 180 parents was drawn purposively from Bangalore. The tool used for collecting the data was a self-constructed questionnaire which included 32 statements were prepared on the basis of a 5-point Likert scale. The study identified seven distinct factors affecting the parents decision of choosing a private school. Among these the factor that was seen to have most significant influence on parents decision to choose a private was school environment. The second most important factor that parents considered was the School quality. Third, parents considered curricular activities offered by school. Next, parents considered Quality of instruction while choosing a school. However, student welfare, parental involvement and proximity to the area of residence were considered less important by parents when choosing a school. The Author(s) 2021. -
The feasibility analysis of load based resource optimization algorithm for cooperative communication in 5G wireless ad-hoc networks
Efficient allocation of resources is crucial in wireless ad hoc networks (WANETs) as spectrum assets are costly. Cooperative communications were introduced as a solution to the problem of limited spectrum availability. In this approach, numerous nodes share their resources and increase the bandwidth available to end-users. This research investigates the practicality of a new algorithm that optimizes resources based on load for Cooperative Communications in 5 G WANETs. The algorithm consists of two components. Initially, a distributed algorithm for forming a topology is suggested. This algorithm employs a load-based approach to explore network conditions and efficiently choose the most suitable topology. An optimization algorithm that relies on a greedy strategy is suggested. In this approach, the chosen nodes send their bits to the receiver to maximize the attainable system throughput. A thorough simulation study is conducted to evaluate the overall performance of the proposed algorithm in assessing existing methods. The proposed model obtained 94.72 % energy efficiency, 91.69 % network throughput, 94.72 % spectrum utilization, 27.47 % network delay, 24.08 % packet loss rate, 94.38 % signal-to-noise ratio, 93.91 % data transfer rate, 95.87 % error detection rate, and 94.28 % link reliability rate. The results demonstrate that the suggested algorithm significantly enhances the system and the overall network performance compared to existing approaches. The proposed approach is feasible and environmentally friendly for optimizing bandwidth in 5 G wireless ad hoc Networks. 2024 The Authors -
THE FEDERAL DYNAMICS OF INDIAN FOREIGN POLICY: Issues, Concerns and Trends
Participation of regional governments in foreign policy is a global phenomenon, which has been described as constituent diplomacy or Para diplomacy. It is a phenomenon that includes a cocktail of factors like globalisation, economic liberalisation, diffusion of technology and the decentralisation of political power. Dependence of coalition governments on regional parties in India has resulted in a subtle power shift when it comes to foreign policy prioritisation and perceptions. There is a new activism in the making and implementation of Indian foreign policy. The chapter analyses the domestic imperatives impacting on India's foreign policy. The assertion and expectations of regional parties have been contingent on the leverage they have within a coalition like the NDA and the UPA. States are now even bringing foreign and security issues to the bargaining table, thereby providing the regional parties a variety of participatory opportunities. Conduct of India's foreign policy is no longer the exclusive domain of the federal government in India. At any given time, domestic compulsions influence how states act and react to various foreign policy issues and events, and hence engaging state governments in foreign affairs can be a force multiplier for Indian foreign policy. 2024 selection and editorial matter, M.J. Vinod, Stefy V Joseph, Joseph Chacko Chennatuserry and Dimitris N. Chryssochoou; individual chapters, the contributors. -
The flow analysis of Williamson nanofluid considering the Thompson and Troian slip conditions at the boundary
In this article, the impact of Joule heating on the thermal performance of Williamson nanofluid is analyzed under the influence of viscous dissipation along with the Joule heating. Also, the flow is subjected to Thompson and Troian slip conditions that directly influence the velocity of the flow at the boundary. Meanwhile, to achieve the even distribution of nanoparticles in the nanofluid, gyrotactic microorganisms are dispersed whose motion is due to the virtue of density gradient. The heat conduction at the surface is governed by the convective condition which allows the interpretation of the Biot number. The mathematical model is constructed employing these presumptions using partial differential equations, which are then subsequently reduced using similarity transformations to get the ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The RKF-45 numerical approach is used to solve the nonlinear ODE system thus acquired, and the findings are validated by comparing them to the previously published works. The results of this study showed that the higher values of thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters cause more heat conduction. Also, the rise in the Eckert number that relates to the internal friction enhances the temperature conducted by the nanofluid. Meanwhile, the Lorentz force helps in controlling the flow velocity. 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
The FPTC act, 2020 a blinkered vision
In the name of empowering farmers, the Farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2020 has displayed a blinkered vision of an integrated supply chain-by undermining the importance of Agricultural Produce Market Committee markets in a competitive and inclusive agri-food market system. By overlooking many important aspects, the law has taken a quantum leap in the wrong direction. 2021 Economic and Political Weekly. All rights reserved. -
The fractional-order marriagedivorce mathematical model: numerical investigations and dynamical analysis
In this research, we present a fractional-order mathematical model that simulates the ongoing phenomenon of marriage and divorce, which significantly impacts human lives. The model is defined within the LiouvilleCaputo framework and incorporates different states and parameter values. Specifically, the model consists of four state variables that describe the statuses of married, divorced, or troubled couples, as well as the interactions between these states. We conduct a stability analysis for the proposed model and calculate the equilibrium points, revealing the conditions for a stable solution. Moreover, we establish the existence, uniqueness, and boundedness of the models solution using the Banach fixed point theorem. The global stability of the obtained equilibrium points is investigated using the Lyapunov function, revealing a globally stable solution with specific conditions. To obtain the results, we employ a multi-domain collocation technique that utilizes orthogonal generalized Romanovski polynomials. These polynomials offer the advantage of achieving higher-order accuracy without requiring a large number of basis functions. We assess the accuracy of the proposed technique by calculating the residual error. Furthermore, we conduct simulations with various parameter values and fractional orders to demonstrate the techniques effectiveness under different scenarios. The results confirm the techniques ability to provide accurate outcomes across multiple scenarios. To enhance result validation, a comparison with real data from the USA is introduced for both married and divorced individuals. This elucidates the significance of the proposed fractional model in providing a deeper understanding of the dynamics and behavior of the solution and its impact on the populations lives. By introducing and analyzing this model, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics and implications of marriage and divorce phenomena. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to SocietItaliana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.