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The Impact of International Remittances on Public Debt Sustainability in Kerala: Evidence from the FMOLS Approach
Remittances from Keralas migrant workers and professionals constitute a vital financial inflow, surpassing their relative significance in most other Indian states. With public debt nearing 60 % of NSDP, these transfers offer a potential buffer for debt sustainability. Applying Oates theory within Bohns debt-sustainability framework using an FMOLS model, and validated through Johansen testing, this study examines the remittancedebt nexus from 1980 to 2023. FMOLS results indicate a deterioration of debt sustainability despite substantial remittance inflows. The findings emphasize the need to reduce market borrowings, enhance the fiscal role of remittances, and promote policies supporting formal transfer channels, source diversification, remittance-linked investment, and financial literacy among migrant households to strengthen Keralas long-term fiscal resilience and enable more productive use of remittances. 2025 the author(s), published by De Gruyter. -
The impact of leader motives in students: a systematic review
Leader motives elucidate the driving forces behind leadership behavior and decision-making, which are pivotal for understanding effective leadership dynamics across diverse contexts. In this context, the systematic literature review (SLR) analyzed leader motives among students, providing insights into the underlying drivers shaping leadership behaviors within educational environments. This paper aims to understand how leader motives impact student behavior, academic performance, and social dynamics within educational environments. Based on McClellands needs theory as a conceptual framework, the review examines students prevalence and manifestations of achievement, power, and affiliation motives. This study systematically reviewed 16 papers, scholarly databases, and pertinent literature published between 2007 and 2024. A preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) method was used to report the items. The findings underscore the importance of nurturing leader motives in educational settings, which contribute to positive student outcomes and foster leadership development through the lens of need theory. This study contributes to understanding how leader motives can elevate leadership behaviors and outcomes, offering valuable insights for policymakers and academic leaders aiming to enhance educational quality. 2025, Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. -
The Impact of Marketing Strategies in the FastFood Industry
This study explores the effectiveness of marketing strategies in the fast-food industry, focusing on digital marketing, promotions, mobile app usage, celebrity endorsements, and perceived value for money. The aim is to provide insights for refining marketing strategies that engage key consumer segmentsMillennials, Gen Z, and Gen X. These cohorts shape consumer behavior, making it crucial for businesses to understand how to effectively engage them. The research examines the relationships between marketing strategies and fast-food consumption frequency and investigates generational differences in consumer responses. A quantitative approach using surveys and questionnaires captures consumer preferences, perceptions, and behaviors. Statistical methods, such as descriptive statistics and Spearmans correlation, are employed for analysis. Findings reveal that digital engagement, promotions, mobile app usage, celebrity endorsements, and perceived value for money significantly influence fast-food purchase frequency. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
The impact of remote experimentation on student engagement
The transition to remote experimentation, accelerated by global challenges such as the COVID- 19 pandemic, has significantly reshaped the landscape of education, particularly in science and engineering disciplines. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of interactive elements in online environments, which can enhance engagement levels by fostering collaborative learning and active participation. The results reveal a nuanced relationship between remote experimentation and student engagement, with implications for instructional design. By identifying best practices for integrating remote experimentation into curricula, this research provides valuable insights for educators aiming to optimize student learning outcomes in an increasingly digital educational landscape. Ultimately, the study emphasizes the need for a balanced approach that combines the benefits of remote experimentation with strategies to maintain the essential hands- on elements of traditional laboratory experiences. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
The impact of slip mechanisms on the flow of hybrid nanofluid past a wedge subjected to thermal and solutal stratification
This investigation aims to inspect the flow and thermal characteristics of hybrid nanoparticles under the effect of thermophoresis and Brownian motion. The hybrid nanofluid is formed by dispersing the silver nanoparticles into the base fluid composed of tungsten oxide and water. The resulting hybrid nanofluid is assumed to flow over a moving wedge. The wedge is a geometry that can be commonly seen in many manufacturing industries, moulding industries, etc., where friction creates more heat and cooling becomes a necessary process. This study currently focuses on such areas of the industries. In this regard, the flow expressions in the form of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) are obtained by incorporating the modified Buongiorno's model and using boundary layer approximations. The modified Buongiorno model helps us analyze the impact of volume fraction along with the slip mechanisms. Suitable transformations are used to achieve the nondimensional form of governing equations, and further, it transforms the PDE to Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE). The RKF-45 is used to solve the obtained ODE and the boundary conditions. Furthermore, graphic analysis of the solutions for fluid velocity, energy distributions and dimensionless concentration is provided. It was noted that the behavior of the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers was determined by analyzing numerous parameters. The conclusions show that they decrease with greater values of the stratification factors. Additionally, with higher values of the wedge parameter, the magnitude of the velocity field and the thermal boundary layer diminish. 2023 World Scientific Publishing Company. -
The Impact of Supportive Factors on the Academic Reintegration of Students with Mental Illness: A Qualitative Study
Introduction: Returning to college following a psychiatric illness can be overwhelming for students as academic reintegration is a significant undertaking. Psychological distress can negatively impact a student's performance and levels of academic achievement. A better understandingof the factors that facilitateacademicreintegration would helpmental health professionals, educators, and family members support students more effectively. Methods and Materials: The study followed an explorative research design and utilized a purposivesampling technique. The Institute's(National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, NIMHANS) Ethics Committee evaluated and approved this study, while four (4) mental health experts validated the interview schedule. Theprimary researcher (ASR) audio-recorded, transcribed and coded fourteen (14) in-depth interviews.The study supervisors (AJ and TK) verified this procedure.Themes and sub-themes were derivedfrom the codes,and thenthematic analysis was conducted. Results: Fivesupportive factors (themes and sub-themes) were derived: 1. Family:Educational qualification of the members, Family accommodations (travelling to the city where the student is studying for additional support).Academic assistance, Freedom to select their educational course; 2.Support from friends and peers: Academic support, Emotional support (caregiving,home visits, sharing problems with them), Logistic support (physically accompanying the student to and from class, providing transport); 3.Support from Teachers and Collegeadministration: Additional academic support from teachers, Reasonable classroom accommodations; 4.SupportfromMental health professionals (MHPs):Providing Pharmacological or Psychosocial Interventions, Follow up,andcontinuous guidance (handholding); 5. Individual factors (students' strengths): High degree of motivation or interest in studies, strong academic record, and healthy coping mechanisms. Conclusion: Students with mental illnesses require additional support with academic reintegration. As a result, assisting students in successfully returning to academics is frequently a collaborative effort involving family, peers, mental health professionals, teachers, and college administration. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature India Private Limited. -
The Impact of Technological Advancements in Financial Markets
The technological advancements have transformed the financial markets by increasing the efficiency, transparency and accessibility. Emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain technology, Machine learning and Big data analytics have reshaped the investment strategies and enhance risk management techniques. However, concerns cybersecurity and regulatory challenges still persist. This chapter mainly discuss about how the technological advancements is changing financial markets, while taking into account both the advantages and disadvantages of these advancements. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on e-learning adoption in an emerging market: a longitudinal study using the UTAUT model
Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic provided unprecedented impetus to the evolution of the e-learning learning ecosystem by compelling students to adopt e-learning systems. This paper aims to use the UTAUT model to provide insight into the differences in factors influencing the adoption of e-learning systems before and after the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: This longitudinal study uses two surveys conducted among graduate students in the city of Bengaluru in India. One prior to the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and a second in its aftermath. PLS-SEM is used to analyze both data sets to draw insights into the constructs that influence Behavioral intention to adopt e-learning systems. The moderating effect of gender is also analyzed. Findings: Pre COVID-19, Facilitating Conditions, Performance Expectancy and Effort Expectancy (quadratic behavior) were dominant factors influencing the adoption of e-learning technologies. Post pandemic, Performance Expectancy and Social Influence are drivers of e-learning adoption. Effort Expectancy and Facilitating Conditions grouped as Ease of Use is a significant driver of e-learning adoption post pandemic. Gender is found to not have a moderating influence. Originality/value: The unique longitudinal study of the differences in factors influencing students intention to adopt e-learning pre- and post-COVID-19 can prove useful to policy makers in the higher education sector. Academics can use the post-pandemic e-learning models findings in multiple contexts such as generational cohorts, educational contexts and social contexts. 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on e-learning adoption in an emerging market: a longitudinal study using the UTAUT model
Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic provided unprecedented impetus to the evolution of the e-learning learning ecosystem by compelling students to adopt e-learning systems. This paper aims to use the UTAUT model to provide insight into the differences in factors influencing the adoption of e-learning systems before and after the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: This longitudinal study uses two surveys conducted among graduate students in the city of Bengaluru in India. One prior to the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and a second in its aftermath. PLS-SEM is used to analyze both data sets to draw insights into the constructs that influence Behavioral intention to adopt e-learning systems. The moderating effect of gender is also analyzed. Findings: Pre COVID-19, Facilitating Conditions, Performance Expectancy and Effort Expectancy (quadratic behavior) were dominant factors influencing the adoption of e-learning technologies. Post pandemic, Performance Expectancy and Social Influence are drivers of e-learning adoption. Effort Expectancy and Facilitating Conditions grouped as Ease of Use is a significant driver of e-learning adoption post pandemic. Gender is found to not have a moderating influence. Originality/value: The unique longitudinal study of the differences in factors influencing students intention to adopt e-learning pre- and post-COVID-19 can prove useful to policy makers in the higher education sector. Academics can use the post-pandemic e-learning models findings in multiple contexts such as generational cohorts, educational contexts and social contexts. 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fast commerce
Quick commerce, or q-commerce, has quickly become a groundbreaking new model in today's retail, focused on rapid delivery (generally in 30 to 60 minutes). The emergence of q-commerce is framed around the Changing Point Model that lays out the main shifts in the industry; from the pre-pandemic experimentation early-stage through the crisis-induced adoption phase and the current market consolidation and optimization phase. While the consumer preferences keep revolving around convenience vs. cost, companies are left to battle with serious operational and logistical concerns like sustainability, gig economy drivers, and prohibitive/ impossible infrastructure. In a bid to remain competitive, companies are betting on green logistics, electric transport, and artificial intelligence personalization to enhance efficiencies and reduce environmental harms.Q-commerce will further evolve through drone deliveries, decentralized supply chains, and autonomous technology, reshaping last mile logistics. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
The impact of the movement of the gyrotactic microorganisms on the heat and mass transfer characteristics of Casson nanofluid
This article focuses on analyzing the impact of the movement of gyrotactic microorganisms on the heat and mass transfer characteristics of Casson nanofluid flowing between divergent. Further, the analysis is performed through simulation to have a better understanding of the impact. Since the microorganisms are self-propelled, they move on their own in the nanofluid due to the concentration gradient and stabilize the nanoparticle suspension. This movement of microorganisms constitutes the formation of bioconvection. Further, the random motion of nanoparticles gives rise to two major slip mechanisms termed thermophoresis and Brownian motion. The mathematical model comprising these effects is designed using partial differential equations that are converted to ordinary differential equations with the help of suitable similarity transformation. The resulting system of equations is then solved using the differential transformation method and the outcomes are interpreted through graphs. It is indicated that the nanoparticle concentration and the motile density profiles increase with the increase in Schmidt number and also, the concentration profile is found to be increasing for higher Brownian motion parameter and lower thermophoretic parameter. The simulations performed through the finite element method portrayed that the heat flow in the diverging channel is occurring along the isothermal planes. 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
The impact of unconventional US monetary policy shock on emerging bond markets: A comprehensive assessment of global transmission channels
Extensive research has been conducted on the global effects of the US unconventional monetary policy shock on capital flows in emerging markets. However, there is limited empirical evidence on the transmission channels of capital flows in emerging bond markets. This study examines it by analysing capital flows across 45 emerging bond markets from 2009 to 2023. Contemporaneous shock transmission is examined using the contemporaneous impact matrix, and dynamic shock transmission is assessed using the impulse response function of the structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model. All variables in this study are standardised to account for differences in scale within the model. The pairwise correlation coeffcient matrix indicates that multicollinearity is not a concern for parameter estimates in this model. The ADF-Fisher Chi-square unit root test result reveals that all variables are stationary in this model. The contemporaneous coeffcient matrix results indicate that changes in the US term spread serve as the contemporaneous transmission channel through which US Treasury bond purchase and US MBS purchase shocks positively affect capital flows in emerging bond markets. The impulse response function indicates that changes in the global financial cycle serve as a dynamic transmission channel through which US MBS purchase shocks affect capital flows in emerging bond markets. Moreover, changes in the US mortgage spread serve as the dynamic transmission channel through which US Treasury bond purchases and US MBS purchases affect capital flows in emerging bond markets. Swarupa Ranjan Panigrahi, Suresha B., Sudhansu Sekhar Nanda, Biplab Kumar Biswal, 2025. -
The Impact of User-Generated Content on Business Performance:Strategic Insights for Hospitality in the Social Media Era
This chapter focuses on how user-generated content (UGC) has a significant effect on the business of the hospitality industry. The chapter delves into the extent to which online reviews, social media posts, and other consumer-generated content influence brand perception, customer trust, and, eventually, the financial results. By utilizing theories such as signalling theory, network effects, and social influence, the chapter sees UGC as not only feedback but also a strategic marketing tool. The chapter talks about research results, case studies from around the world and India, and also mentions Al and sentiment analysis as tools for reputation monitoring and management. Lastly, it considers ethical and governance issues and provides a set of practical strategies for hospitality firms to use UGC for innovation, customer engagement, and achieving a sustainable competitive advantage. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
The Impact of Virtuous Organizational Practices on Flow at Work Among Kitchen Employees in Bengaluru
Chefs arent mere cooks; they are culinary artisans who create art in the form of dishes. Flow among kitchen employees enhances creativity, focus, and efficiency where he flourishes at his work. This study on kitchen employees in Bengaluru aims to analyze the organizational practices that have impacted the state of flow and led to employee well-being. A quantitative method was adopted to collect data from the samples. The sample includes kitchen employees at all levels of management and operation from various hotels and stand-alone restaurants. The implications of the findings are discussed in terms of how virtuous practices in the organization lead to the state of immersion. The studys findings contribute to the overall efficiency of human resource management in chefs mainly focusing on employee well-being, performance, and creativity. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
The Impact of Website Design on Online Customer Buying Satisfaction and Loyalty to E-Tailers: An Exploratory Study of E-Tailers in India
The popularity of e-tailers has distorted the retail industry in India. Websites are becoming an important means through which customers get product information and purchase items for their needs. This research paper focuses on four dimensions (i.e., user interface, convenience, personalized recommendations, and perceived security of the website) to assess their impact on online customer satisfaction with and loyalty towards e-tailers. The study questionnaire used established measures. The data was collected from four large cities in India, namely Chennai, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Delhi. Analysis of the survey results suggests that perceived website security is the most important dimension for customer loyalty. E-tailers have to ensure adequate security provisions in their websites to build up consumer perceptions of trust and so repeat business loyalty. Copyright 2022, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. -
The Impactful Learning-Empowering Education Beyond Classrooms
Todays education is a dynamic ecosystem influenced by emerging technologies, human skills & iterative learning. The idea of learning beyond classrooms is introduced in this chapter, fostering an influential learning environment that aids in the process of continuous development. Both motivated students and empowered teachers are essential to ensuring the achievement of the impactful learning process. This chapters section offers an analysis of how instructors motivation, co- creation & continual training are essential for maintaining innovation. Education must extend beyond academic excellence to prepare learners for life. A beyond- classrooms learning approach is not a pedagogy but a mindset that integrates the competencies & prepares students to thrive in challenging, real-world situations in addition to achieving academic success. This chapter aims at rethinking education as a concept that expands classrooms, transforms communities, and prepares learners for impactful futures. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
The Impactful Role of ML Algo in the Field of Enactment Nostrum: An Intensive/Deep Review
Machine translation (MT) research has explored a variety of models, including statistical machine translation (SMT), rule-based machine translation (RBMT), and hybrid approaches. Hybrid MT systems aim to improve translation quality by using the strengths of different models. However, the complex set of functions associated with MT systems is still difficult to understand and optimize. This instant study propose an approach based on ML with respect to hybrid MT that addresses these issues by automatically interpreting and weighting features using ML tools. This research framework includes a classification approach to classify and compare translations from multiple black-box A system that uses ML classifiers trained on feature vectors derived from natural language processing tools. This study presents a method to train and use an SVM-based classifier to generate hybrid interpretations. The test results for English-Chinese pairs show the potential of this research approach to improve translation quality. The proposed framework is a simple and efficient way to combine different MT systems, improving translation results without manual intervention. 2024 IEEE. -
The Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility in Social Value Creation
The fundamental idea behind CSR is that corporations have duties that go beyond lawful execution of their economic duties (Steiner & Steiner, 2009). The waning hold of states over powerful transnational corporations and the increasing recognition of the potential of corporations to contribute to the welfare needs underline the importance of CSR in contemporary society. It is believed that a good CSR strategy would lead to significant reductions in business risks, including stakeholder, regulatory or marketplace sanctions. India being the first country to make CSR mandatory recognizes the potential of firms to synergize with the state in achieving larger developmental causes. This chapter is an attempt to review the CSR contributions toward public health during COVID-19. This chapter analyses the ways in which corporate social responsibility could contribute toward value creation in society and proposes a community-based convergent model of CSR implementation. 2024 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. -
The Importance of Digital Literacy in Early Childhood Education
Digital literacy in early childhood education equips children with essential skills for learning, communication, and problem solving in a connected world. From tablets to interactive whiteboards, guided experiences help young learners navigate digital tools safely and ethically. Early exposure supports literacy development by offering multimedia stories, phonics apps, and collaborative games that reinforce memory and attention. Importantly, teachers integrate digital literacy with social-emotional learning, teaching young children how to share, take turns, and manage screen time. Families engaged in this work create consistent routines that bridge home and school, reinforcing concepts like searching for information, evaluating sources, and respecting others online. By embedding digital literacy in play and inquiry, schools prepare students for future classrooms, careers, and civic participation, while safeguarding well-being and creativity. This foundation supports lifelong learning, adaptability, and responsible innovation. Copyright 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global Scientific Publishing is prohibited. Use of this chapter to train generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is expressly prohibited. The publisher reserves all rights to license its use for generative AI training and machine learning model development. -
The Importance of Oceans in Achieving Global Sustainability
Oceans regulate climate, support fisheries, and drive trade, yet they face pressures from pollution, warming, and overexploitation. Their vast ecosystems absorb carbon, stabilize weather, and provide habitats for countless species. Healthy seas underpin food security by supporting billions of people who rely on seafood for protein and livelihoods. Coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrasses buffer coastlines, protecting communities from storms and erosion while sustaining tourism and recreation. Ocean governance, science- based management, and regional cooperation are essential to curb illegal harvesting, reduce bycatch, and improve marine protected areas. Transitioning to sustainable fisheries, clean energy, and circular waste systems can relieve stress on marine habitats. Restoring coastal habitats enhances biodiversity, supports nutrient cycles, and sequesters carbon. Public awareness, equitable access to resources, and inclusive decision- making turn scientific insight into practical, long- term benefits for all nations. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing.