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Understanding the Determinants of Happiness Among Young Adults
The volume provides a comprehensive understanding of the conceptual and practical implications of happiness. It is a synthesis of cutting-edge research and real-world strategies by authors from diverse disciplines, including psychology, sociology, philosophy, neuroscience, spirituality, education, literature, arts, and music. It offers a glimpse into the science and practice of happiness by exploring positive psychological variables such as mindfulness, emotional intelligence, physical rest, flow, bliss, psychological well-being, spiritual happiness, and workplace happiness. This volume is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the pursuit of happiness, combining rigorous scientific inquiry with practical wisdom to guide readers on their journey toward a joyful and meaningful existence. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Understanding the disconnect: A study on competency of special educators in autism education in India
Special educators are at the forefront of the Indian special education system in providing tailored instruction and specialized training for students with autism. There are evidence-based strategies that exist to enhance social, communication, cognitive, and mental health skills among students with autism. However, their implementation in the classroom is inconsistent or inadequate. Globally, there is a lack of empirical data on the quality of services provided to students with autism and the competency of educators teaching them in special education schools. This brief study provides a focused review of two articles from India, analysing the responses of 95 special educators gathered through a descriptive survey to assess their perceived competence in autism education. The findings indicate that in India, the special educators have limited knowledge and inadequate skills in autism education. The results will contribute to educational change at multiple levelsindividual, institutional, and systemicto foster better outcomes for students with autism. 2025 National Association for Special Educational Needs. -
Understanding the drivers of intermittent fasting adoption in middle adulthood
Over the past decade, intermittent fasting has gained into the mainstream limelight as a prevalent method for weight management and to maintain metabolic health. However, the number of studies exploring the determinants affecting its approval, especially among individuals in middle adulthood, is still comparatively under-examined. Hence, the present study has been conducted to gain better insights about the factors influencing the adoption of intermittent fasting among middle-aged adults. By employing snowball sampling, a sample of 260 respondents was surveyed to comprehend the drivers of intermittent fasting, challenges faced in adhering to it and its impact on physiological and psychological health. Factor analysis was employed to group the factors influencing the respondents adherence to intermittent fasting into three categories: longevity-enhancing incentives for intermittent fasting, wellness incentives for intermittent fasting and cognitive enhancement incentives for intermittent fasting. In order to examine the significant differences among the ages of the respondents among the three factors, ANOVA and post-hoc test were conducted. The post-hoc test results provide insight into how motivational factors for intermittent fasting vary across different age groups. For respondents in the age group between 35 to 45 years, the post-hoc results show statistically significant differences in the first factor with the group aged 18-25 and 25-35 years, respectively at 5 % level of significance. The insights garnered from this research are contributory in understanding the factors influencing how and why individuals in middle adulthood embrace intermittent fasting practices. 2025 The Authors. -
Understanding the emerging integrated marketing communication strategies used in marketing Tamil films /
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, Vol.21, Issue 2, Ver. V, pp.33-37, ISSN: e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. -
Understanding the Experiences and Impact of Secondary Trauma and Moral Injury on the Professional Identity of Mental Health Professionals in India
Mental health professionals often encounter emotional and ethical challenges, including exposure to client trauma and complex ethical dilemmas. These situations can lead to secondary trauma and moral injury. This study examines the factors contributing to secondary trauma and moral injury and their impact on the professional identity of mental health professionals in India. A purposeful sample of 30 professionals, composed of psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, and psychiatric social workers, participated in semi-structured interviews. Qualitative thematic analysis identified four key themes: vulnerabilities and emotional exposure, ethical complexities and responsibilities, balancing integrity with emotional strain, and resilience and professional growth. These qualitative themes underscore the significant challenges faced by mental health professionals in India, including emotional strain, systemic barriers, and ethical conflicts, while highlighting strategies such as coping mechanisms, professional development, and support systems to address these issues. This study provides practical recommendations for interventions aimed at addressing secondary trauma and moral injury, fostering resilience, and strengthening the professionals identity and overall well-being of professionals within the Indian context. 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Understanding the House Money Effect: A Systematic Review
The house money effect is the tendency of individuals to exhibit risk-seeking behavior after a prior gain. Individuals differentiate their perceived gains with own money. This behavioral bias influences human behavior in future decision-making. This review examines the implications of the house money effect on an individual investors financial decision-making. Our study adopts a systematic review approach to understand and extensively synthesize the existing literature. The study considered 34 articles from the Scopus database. The study provides an overview of the literature regarding theories, methodology, research opportunities, and developments in the house money effect. The study points out the situational factors influencing the house money effect and the association of the bias with other behavioral biases. This review identifies the gaps in the literature and provides directions for future research to deepen the understanding of the effect of house money on individual investors. This study builds a strong framework for future research. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on the employee's productivity and performance of the hotel industries in India: An exploratory study
The covid-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges and the hotel industry is amongst the other industry who was affected to a large extent, impacting various facets of well-being of the employees' working in the hotel industry. This research paper aims to comprehensively analyse the effect of the pandemic on hotel employees by investigating relationship between the impact of Covid 19, psychological impact, job satisfaction and turnover intention. We review the literature available about how the effects of Covid-19 Pandemic impact the employee job satisfaction as well as turnover intention. The study was carried out keeping the psychological impact of the pandemic as the mediator. We Reviewed and analyzed Scopus and ABDC listed research papers to carry out this literature review. Our results suggest that the covid-19 pandemic has impacted the turnover intention of the employee of the hotel industry, additionally the psychological impact mediates the relationship of Effect of Covid-19 pandemic with job satisfaction and turnover intention of employees. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Understanding the link between neural activity and immune function: Insights from neuropsychology and psychoneuroimmunology
This chapter investigates the intricate connections between neural activity and immune function, drawing on insights from both neuropsychology and psychoneuroimmunology. A better understanding of the role of the brain and mental health in regulating immunological responses and general wellbeing is the overarching goal. In order to determine the role of neuronal circuits and neurotransmitter systems in controlling emotional reactions and stress, we begin by going over basic ideas in neuropsychology. This chapter delves into the ways in which these brain systems influence immune function, incorporating insights from psychoneuroimmunology. It examines the mediating functions of neurotransmitters and hormones in the immune system's response to stress, among other topics. The consequences of mental health issues on immunological function, including persistent stress, anxiety, and depression, are highlighted in particular. We highlight the two way nature of the connections by discussing how changes in immune function might impact brain activity and mental health. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Understanding the Neuropsychological Profile of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in social communication, repetitive behaviors, and sensory processing challenges. This chapter delves into the neuropsychological profile of individuals with ASD, examining key cognitive domains such as executive functioning, social cognition, emotional regulation, and sensory integration. By exploring how these cognitive and behavioral dimensions manifest uniquely in ASD, the chapter highlights the neurobiological and neurocognitive mechanisms that contribute to the disorders heterogeneity. We also discuss the impact of cognitive deficits on adaptive behavior, learning, and daily functioning, emphasizing how individual differences shape developmental outcomes. Current research findings and clinical observations are integrated to provide a nuanced understanding of the diverse neuropsychological patterns in ASD. This chapter aims to equip clinicians and researchers into the cognitive profiles of ASD. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Understanding the role of acid sites of Zinc Aluminophosphate catalysts in eco-friendly synthesis of carbamates
Aluminophosphate and metal incorporated aluminophosphates have been synthesized at ice-cold temperature by simple co-precipitation method in the absence of a templating agent. Surface and bulk properties of synthesized materials were studied by different characterization techniques. The materials were found to be X-ray amorphous. N2 adsorption-desorption studies exhibited the existence of microporous structure and uniform narrow slit type of pores on the materials. The catalytic activity of the synthesized material was tested in phosgene free synthesis of carbamates from corresponding amines and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) through a greener route. Metal incorporated Aluminophosphates indicated excellent catalytic activity compared to pure aluminophosphates. Zinc aluminophosphate catalyst exhibited 83% carbamate yield with 100% selectivity towards the formation of carbamate. The excellent catalytic activity of Zinc aluminophosphate with 94% amine conversion is attributed to its surface properties mainly moderate acid strength. The incorporated metal plays a vital role in the structural and textural properties of aluminophosphates. A systematic study was conducted to correlate the catalytic activity and surface properties of metal aluminophosphates. Reaction conditions were optimized to obtain a better yield through phosgene free eco-friendly routes using different amines. The catalyst was found to be recyclable for 5 cycles in the desired reaction without a reduction in conversion and selectivity. 2021. All Rights Reserved. -
Understanding the Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Promoting Autoimmune Disorders
AMPs are small oligopeptides acting as integral elements of the innate immune system and are of tremendous potential in the medical field owing to their antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. They offer a multitude of immunomodulatory properties such as immune cell differentiation, inflammatory responses, cytokine production, and chemoattraction. Aberrancy in neutrophil or epithelial cell-producing AMPs leads to inflammation culminating in various autoimmune responses. In this review, we have tried to explore the role of prominent mammalian AMPsdefensins and cathelicidins, as immune regulators with special emphasis on their role in neutrophil extracellular traps which promotes autoimmune disorders. When complexed with self-DNA or self-RNA, AMPs act as autoantigens which activate plasmacytoid dendritic cells and myeloid dendritic cells leading to the production of interferons and cytokines. These trigger a series of self-directed inflammatory reactions, leading to the emergence of diverse autoimmune disorders. Since AMPs show both anti- and pro-inflammatory abilities in different ADs, there is a dire need for a complete understanding of their role before developing AMP-based therapy for autoimmune disorders. 2023 by the authors. -
Understanding the role of HR practices in the improvement of MSMEs in India
Human resource practices are one of the most valuable practices that help the firm to achieve a competitive advantage. With the passage of time, MSME have shown a major shift in its functioning. Employees are at the center if organizations need to climb the ladder of survival, success, and growth. The present study intends to investigate the role of HR practices in the improvement of MSME performance. The study has analyzed double- blind peer- reviewed research papers on the role of HR practices on micro, small, and medium enterprises. With the help of existing research studies, job satisfaction is identified as a mediating variable. The findings of the study suggest that HR practices directly impact employee performance and outcomes attributes. The mediating role of job satisfaction was found to be significant. Empirical results of the study are presented through reliability, correlation, regression, and mediation analysis using SPSS and HAYES PROCESS Macro software. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Understanding the secular evolution of NGC 628 using UltraViolet Imaging Telescope
Secular and environmental effects play a significant role in regulating the star-formation rate and hence the evolution of the galaxies. Since ultraviolet (UV) flux is a direct tracer of the star formation in galaxies, the UltraViolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) onboard AstroSat enables us to characterize the star-forming regions in a galaxy with its remarkable spatial resolution. In this study, we focus on the secular evolution of NGC 628, a spiral galaxy in the local Universe. We exploit the resolution of UVIT to resolve up to ?63 pc in NGC 628 for identification and characterization of the star-forming regions. We identify 300 star-forming regions in the UVIT far-UV image of NGC 628 using ProFound and the identified regions are characterized using Starburst99 models. The age and mass distribution of the star-forming regions across the galaxy supports the inside-out growth of the disc. We find that there is no significant difference in the star-formation properties between the two arms of NGC 628. We also quantify the azimuthal offset of the star-forming regions of different ages. Since we do not find an age gradient, we suggest that the spiral density waves might not be the possible formation scenario of the spiral arms of NGC 628. The headlight cloud present in the disc of the galaxy is found to be having the highest star-formation rate density (0.23 Myr-1 kpc-2) compared to other star-forming regions on spiral arms and the rest of the galaxy. 2022 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. -
Understanding the social identity of adolescents in the Indigenous Kodava Community of India
The social identity development of adolescents in marginalized communities across the globe holds paramount significance in determining the overall well-being of its future population. Focusing on one such community, the Kodavas, an Indigenous community in South India, this study aims to understand the shifting configurations of social identity based on the changing sociocultural structure and its implications on identity perception among the adolescents belonging to the Kodava community in Kodagu district in Karnataka, India. This study used a qualitative research design to develop an analytical framework of social identity formation and its transitions in the context of the Kodavas. Data were collected from 188 adolescents (47% boys, 53% girls) between 13 and 17 years (M age = 15 years), in the form of essay writing. The findings based on thematic analysis highlight the core traditional elements of Kodava identity, factors influencing the transition in identity, and its reflection in the contemporary period. 2024 Society for Research on Adolescence. -
Understanding the technological evolution in electronic payments system in India and the acceptance
Banking in India has seen amazing technical and infrastructure advancements during the last two decades. Businesses can use the payment and settlement system to receive and make payments for goods and services, as well as to repay money. The RBIs commitment to providing the general population with low-cost, accessible, and all-inclusive payment services has contributed in the quick acceptance and paradigm shift from paper to electronic medium. Using the larger TAM model, this article evaluates payment technology advancements from 2019 through 2022. According to the study, there was a 100% rise in UPI/IMPS and a 40% increase in NEFT compared to December 2018. The paper discusses the acceptability of the paradigm transition from paper to electronic payment media. The papers scope is limited to three years, from January 2019 to December 2021. The study contributes to various findings and insights on Indias embrace of digital payment and the payment paradigm change. 2024 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Understanding the transitioning of artificial intelligence in human resource management: A scientometric performance analysis
The role of AI is crucial in the recruitment and selection process, training and development, compensation and performance appraisal process, and data-driven decision-making to strengthen the human resource information system. With the rapidly changing business environment, organizations are moving from traditional HRM practices to modern HRM practices like people analytics and HR analytics with the help of artificial intelligence. The aim of this study is to conduct a bibliometric review of scientific literature, aiming to identify and analyze critical topics, authors, sources, highly cited articles, countries involved, and the intellectual and conceptual structure within the field. The second part of the study has explored dominant themes, prominent authors, influential research articles, dominant countries, and thematic analysis to define the domain of AI and HRM. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Understanding the Unique Elements of Japanese Business Culture: Key Learnings to Apply in the Indian Context
Japanese business culture has been one of the driving forces behind the country's sustained economic growth in the late-twentieth century. This growth has set the tone for investment in a globally leading education, health and infrastructure system. This chapter seeks to understand the transmission mechanism: what are the unique aspects that make Japans business culture consistently successful, regardless of political and economic transitions? Primarily using the concept of Nemawashi, the chapter attempts to conduct a systematic literature review, with corresponding empirical evidence to demonstrate that these methods have been successful. While many studies have previously focused on a particular case study, this chapter establishes cultural aspects at an overall level, which is necessary to make broad research inferences. Finally, the chapter strives to understand how these cultural learnings can be beneficial for India, in context of its own business environment. Bilateral trade between India and Japan has reached US$22.8 billion in Financial Year 202324, necessitating the exchange of business culture as well. Thus, the Indo-Japan economic relationship is constantly referred to in this chapter, to make meaningful suggestions. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Understanding the use of Regression Analysis in Business Analytics to understand the perceptions of Students about Quality in Higher Education
For a very long time, researchers in a variety of fields have utilized regression analysis as a crucial tool for data analysis and result interpretation. Regression analysis has also been widely employed in the business world to determine what factors influence consumers' decisions to purchase any of the company's products. Comprehending the interplay of these variables will enable the business to conduct a more thorough consumer analysis and boost sales. This essay is an attempt to comprehend students' perceptions on the qualities they consider important while applying to universities. Regression analysis is another approach used in this article to determine how the quality criteria affect the respondents' overall happiness. 2024 IEEE. -
Understanding user behavior through web utilization mining
This paper is focused on the efficiency of applications in Web Mining Algorithm for web log analysis which can be applied to identify user behavior and the context related to the pattern of an e-commerce website. The main objective is to find user behavior over the internet which can be done through the branch of web mining i.e., web utilization mining. So, it is mainly focused on learning the behavior of web user with their interaction with websites and application of web to extract hidden knowledge and information from World Wide Web. This motive can be accessed from the huge web log data and this data will be available in a log file of the server. Thus, the web server log file includes hidden knowledge and information of a visited user on web. This article provides a survey and analysis of current web mining system and technologies. Therefore, we implement how web mining techniques can apply to the web personalization by providing an efficient algorithm. 2018 IAEME Publication. All rights reserved. -
Underwater Image Dehazing: A Comprehensive Approach
Underwater imaging in recent times has advanced by trying to correct color distortion, increase contrast, and increase image clarity if the light need is less. The use of deep learning has been effective in enhancing image quality, but challenges persist in the decompression process due to data inconsistencies. In order to do this a new scheme is proposed in this study. Unlike other methods which depend only on the single images captured, here an attempt is made to use images taken in other conditions to overcome this limitation, by using the model to try and improve such underwater images in general irrespective of the water conditions. A key innovation is the disassembly and synthesis of multi-channel illuminance data. Specifically, we decompose the input image into its red, green, and blue frequencies, and then approximate the illuminance component within each channel. By independently manipulating and reconstructing these channel-specific illuminance maps, we can effectively address the non-uniform light scattering and absorption that are characteristic of underwater environments. This allows us to correct for the inherent color casts and haze that degrade image quality. To further refine the enhancement, we incorporate, advanced color correction methods such as image saliency exploration and white balance adjustment to compensate for color attenuation caused by light absorption at different depths. These techniques effectively restore lost colors and enhance contrast, thereby improving image clarity and sharpness. This is helpful in the field of engineering and also forms the foundation for further exploring methods of improving images captured underwater. Investigational outcomes exhibit that the intended method ominously augments image eminence, making it highly effective for underwater detection and exploration tasks, offering an innovative solution for hazy images in various conditions and advancing underwater monitoring and exploration technologies. 2026, Modern Education and Computer Science Press. All rights reserved.