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VERTEX INDUCED 2-EDGE COLORING AND VERTEX INCIDENT 2-EDGE COLORING OF SOME GRAPH PRODUCTS
Let G = (V, E) be a simple connected graph with vertex set V and edge set E. The vertex induced 2-edge coloring number ?vi2? (G) is the maximum number of colors used in coloring the edges of a graph G such that for each vertex v ? V, at most two edges in the induced subgraph ?N[v]?, generated by the closed neighborhood N[v], receive different colors. The vertex incident 2-edge coloring number ?vin2? (G) of graph G is the maximum number of colors required to color the edges of G such that at most two edges incident to a vertex v in G receive different colors. In this paper, the vertex induced 2-edge coloring number and vertex incident 2-edge coloring number of some graph products such as Cartesian product and strong product are discussed. The ?vi2?(G) and??vin2(G) number in the rooted product of a general connected graphs with some graph classes are also discussed in this paper. Palestine Polytechnic University-PPU 2022. -
VERTEX INDUCED k-EDGE COLORING AND VERTEX INCIDENT k-EDGE COLORING OF GRAPHS
Let k ? 2 be a natural number. Then the vertex induced k-edge coloring number ? vik(G) of a simple connected graph G = (V,E) is the highest number of colors needed to color the edges of a graph G such that the edges of the subgraph induced by the closed neighborhood N[v] of the vertex v ? V (G) receives not more than k colors. The vertex incident k-edge coloring number ? vink(G) of a simple connected graph G = (V,E) is the highest number of colors required to color the edges of a graph G such that the edges incident to a vertex v in graph G receives not more than k colors. In this paper, we initiate the study on ? vik(G) and ? vink(G). We also determine the exact values of ? vik(G) and ? vink(G) for k = 2 for some special graphs. 2023 Yarmouk University. All rights reserved. -
Vertex neighborhood restricted edge achromatic sums of graphs
The vertex induced 2-edge coloring number ?vi2?(G) of a graph G is the highest number of colors that can occur in an edge coloring of a graph G such that not more than two colors can be used to color the edges in the induced subgraph (N[v]) generated by the closed neighborhood N[v] of a vertex v in V (G). The vertex induced 2-edge coloring sum of a graph G denoted as vi2?(G), is the greatest sum among all the vertex induced 2-edge coloring of a graph G which concedes ?vi2?(G) colors. The vertex incident 2-edge coloring number of a graph G is the highest number of colors required to color the edges of a graph G such that not more than two colors can be ceded to the edges incident at the vertex v of G. The vertex incident 2-edge coloring sum of a graph G denoted as vi2?(G), is the maximum sum among all the vertex incident 2-edge coloring of graph G which receives maximum ?vin2?(G) colors. In this paper, we initiate a study on the vertex induced 2-edge coloring sum and vertex incident 2-edge coloring sum concepts and apply the same to some graph classes. Besides finding the exact values of these parameters, we also obtain some bounds and a few comparative results. 2023 World Scientific Publishing Company. -
Vertex Removal on Perfect Italian Domination and ?pI-Stability of Graphs
Perfect Italian Domination (PID) is a domination concept where all vertices are assigned one of the labels among 0, 1 and 2 such that the sum of the labels in the neighbourhood of every vertex labelled 0 should be exactly 2. We examine a few graph classes of graphs and discuss the criticality of Perfect Italian Domination. We also define ?pI stable graphs and PID critical graphs. Following our definitions of ?pI-stable and PID critical graphs, we have grouped some graph classes. We characterise a family of trees that is ?pI-stable.. MatDer. -
Vessel turnaround time reduction in ports: An automated lean approach
Vessel turnround time is a vital factor that determines the efficiency of ports and consequently the trade competitiveness of a country. The goal of this research is to identify the factors leading to vessel turnaround time and suggest methods to increase the operational effectiveness. The research involves gathering data, analysis of the procedures for documentation and cargo handling, analysing the historical turnaround time, the reasons or causes contributing to idle time, identifying the root causes and proposing a solution that could contribute to the reduction of turnaround time of vessel so as to improve the efficiency of port operations. Some identified factors that contribute to the idle time include inefficient cargo handling and loading and unloading process, delays in documentation and customs clearance procedures, unplanned maintenance or repairs of vessels, harsh weather conditions, insufficient coordination and communication between stakeholders involved. 2024 by IGI Global. -
Vicarious Trauma in Law Students: Role of Gender, Personality, and Social Support
Law student trainees are exposed to trauma-related work which puts them at higher risk of being adversely affected by it. Since they are not directly related to the event, their distress goes unnoticed. The repetitive account of traumatic instances leads to traumatization of their own which is referred to as vicarious traumatization. The purpose of this paper was to delve into the degree to which the role of gender, personality, and social support impact law students vulnerability to vicarious trauma. For the current research, exploratory design was utilized. All one hundred and twenty participants were selected using purposive sampling. Self-report measures were employed to investigate social support, personality traits, and vicarious trauma in sixty male and sixty female law students. The results revealed that female law students and those law students who are high on Neuroticism and low on Extraversion are more vulnerable to experiencing vicarious trauma. Implications for trainees and educators are discussed and suggestions are provided for future research. 2021 International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences. All Rights Reserved. -
Victimizing Cyberbullying Mental Illness Through Social Media
With the exponential increase of technologies and the growth of social media users, bullying takes different methods to reach its targets. Cyberbullying has been emerging lately in the form of bullying through voice memos, videos, and most frequently in the form of text messages. Bullies might use the rich and expansive environment that social networks offer to target their victims with their attacks. Cyberbullying has an especially negative impact on younger generations, who value social affirmation above everything. Studies have found a clear link between cyberbullying and suicidal ideation, particularly in teens. This concerning trend needs the development of efficient ways for identifying and combating cyberbullying, thereby protecting young lives. Many techniques can be used to identify the bullies linguistic patterns and create a detection model that will automatically identify instances of cyberbullying and whether it can lead to the happening of suicide or not. This project proposes a hybrid model of BiLSTM and EmoBERTa for detecting cyberbullying and checking the possibilities of it leading to the happenings of suicide. The dataset was run on different models and the proposed model yields the best average performance. By putting such detecting mechanisms in place, we can make the Internet safer. Early detection of cyberbullying enables intervention, which protects vulnerable people and may avoid disasters. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Video Gaming Addiction and Socio-Emotional Learning of Pre-University Students
Video gaming addiction has been increasingly recognized as a concern among adolescents, potentially affecting their emotional regulation, social interactions, and academic performance. Thus, study aims to examine the relationship between video gaming addiction and socio-emotional learning (SEL) among pre-university students using quantitative survey design. The study utilized two standardized instruments; the Gaming Addiction Scale (GAS) and the Social-Emotional Learning Scale (SELS) to measure students' levels of gaming addiction and SEL components. Researchers employed stratified random sampling technique and obtained 200 successful response to the survey from pre-university students across various institutions of Bangalore, India. Data were analysed using Pearson correlation analysis and simple linear regression (SLR) to determine the extent to which video gaming addiction influences different dimensions of SEL, such as task articulation, peer relationship, and self-regulation. The study found a weak negative correlation and GAS could account for 4% of SEL as revealed by SLR. Future research may focus on educational policies and intervention strategies to promote healthier gaming habits and improved socio-emotional learning among young learners. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Videoconferencing-delivered psychological intervention for the treatment of COVID-19 related psychological distress in University students: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial in India
Background: The mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have been profound. This paper outlines the study protocol for a trial that tests the efficacy of a brief group-based psychological intervention (Coping with COVID; CWC), relative to Supportive Counselling, to reduce distress associated with COVID-19 in a young adult population in Bangalore, India. Methods: A single-blind, parallel, randomized controlled trial will be carried out via video conferencing in a small group format. Following informed consent, adults that screen positive for levels of psychological distress (Kessler 10 (K-10 score ? 20) and have access to a videoconferencing platform will be randomised to an adapted version of CWC (n = 90) or Supportive Counselling (SC) (n = 90). The primary outcome will be reduction in psychological distress including anxiety and depression at 2-months post treatment. Secondary outcomes include worry, positive wellbeing, and stress in relation to COVID-19. Discussion: This treatment trial will assess whether CWC will result in reduced distress relative to Supportive Counselling in a young adult population in Bangalore, India. This study will yield important insights into the role of nonspecific factors versus the interventions components in impacting COVID-19 related distress. Trial registration: This trial was prospectively registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12621001064897). Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval has been obtained from the participating institution, CHRIST University in Bangalore. Results of the trial will be submittedfor publication in peer reviewed journals and findings presented at scientific conferences and to key service providers and policy makers. 2022, The Author(s). -
Viewers response towards brand placements credibility in reality shows: does brand image matter?
Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of brand placements in reality shows on viewer perceptions. Specifically, it aims to explore whether the brand image of a reality show influences the credibility of these placements and how viewers respond to such integrations. By examining this relationship, the paper contributes valuable insights for marketers, advertisers and content creators seeking to optimise brand placements within reality television. Design/methodology/approach A conceptual model based on source credibility theory was developed. The hypothesised relationships were tested using the partial least squares-structural equation modelling method. Data was separately collected through a stimulus-based questionnaire. For the final data analysis, 393 usable questionnaires were used. Findings Through rigorous analysis, the authors unearthed several key findings. Firstly, brands with a positive image significantly enhance the credibility of their placements. Viewers are more receptive to products associated with reputable and relatable brands. Secondly, the seamless integration of brands within the shows narrative fosters authenticity. Viewers perceive placements as less intrusive and more credible when placements align with the programs context. Thirdly, not all viewers respond uniformly. Demographics, lifestyle and viewing habits influence how brand placements resonate. Tailoring strategies to specific audience segments is essential. Originality/value Prior research on brand placements predominantly concentrated on quantitatively investigating films and video games. Nevertheless, these studies have not included viewers consuming behaviours in reality shows. Previous empirical studies in reality shows have not developed a conceptual model incorporating the identified moderator (reality show brand image) to explain the impact of brand placements in reality shows. Finally, this study unravelled the complexities of viewer engagement and its potential impact on consumer behaviour by examining the moderating role of pre-existing brand image on audience receptivity. 2025 Emerald Publishing Limited -
Vigilance and surveillance reinforced using mathematical approaches in object tracking techniques
Visual tracking is crucial to the study of object recognition and has been utilized in a variety of realistic settings, such as robotics, traffic monitoring, self-driving automobiles, forensics, and more. This research concentrates on techniques for counting the total number of individuals entering or exiting a space under the watchful eye of a camera. The techniques described here can detect the number of persons in a scene, both for a single individual and for many passers in front of the camera. With the aid of surveillance that use the centroid concept, an effective solution has been devised for monitoring. Secondly, in this study, object tracking methods utilising deep learning are also reviewed and analysed. This study also compares the effectiveness of various algorithms on the LaSOT, VOT2015, VOT2016, VOT2017 and OTB2015 tests. 2024, Taru Publications. All rights reserved. -
Villains and Their Logic in Contemporary Films
[No abstract available] -
Violence Prevention Climate and Turnover Intention: Mediating Role of Spirit at Work and Emotional Exhaustion
Workplace violence is a costly organizational problem. Violence prevention, incorporating employee perspectives on safe working policies, is crucial. A safe environment can enhance spirit at work, reducing burnout and turnover intention. This study investigates the relationship between violence prevention climate, emotional exhaustion, spirit at work, and turnover intention. Standardized tools were administered to 146 IT professionals aged 30-40 years. Results showed violence prevention climate positively correlated with spirit at work (r = 0.39; p < 0.001) and negatively with emotional exhaustion (r = -0.40; p < 0.001) and turnover intention (r = -0.35; p < 0.001). Emotional exhaustion mediated the relationship between violence prevention climate and turnover intention (b = -0.23; p < 0.001), while spirit at work did not show mediation. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Dr. Sundeep Katevarapu, Dr. Anand Pratap Singh, Dr. Priyanka Tiwari, Ms. Akriti Varshney, Ms. Priya Lanka, Ms. Aankur Pradhan, Dr. Neeraj Panwar, Dr. Kumud Sapru Wangnue; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Violence Prevention Climate and Turnover Intention: Mediating Role of Spirit at Work and Emotional Exhaustion
Workplace violence is a costly organizational problem. Violence prevention, incorporating employee perspectives on safe working policies, is crucial. A safe environment can enhance spirit at work, reducing burnout and turnover intention. This study investigates the relationship between violence prevention climate, emotional exhaustion, spirit at work, and turnover intention. Standardized tools were administered to 146 IT professionals aged 30-40 years. Results showed violence prevention climate positively correlated with spirit at work (r = 0.39; p < 0.001) and negatively with emotional exhaustion (r = -0.40; p < 0.001) and turnover intention (r = -0.35; p < 0.001). Emotional exhaustion mediated the relationship between violence prevention climate and turnover intention (b = -0.23; p < 0.001), while spirit at work did not show mediation. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Dr. Sundeep Katevarapu, Dr. Anand Pratap Singh, Dr. Priyanka Tiwari, Ms. Akriti Varshney, Ms. Priya Lanka, Ms. Aankur Pradhan, Dr. Neeraj Panwar, Dr. Kumud Sapru Wangnue; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Viologen appended Schiff base polymer and its symmetrical supercapacitor device performance
A new hyperbranched viologen containing Schiff base polymer (VSBP) is synthesized by condensing TRIPOD and VDA. The polymer is characterized using spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR & 13C NMR) and microscopic (SEM) analyses. The VSBP modified NF electrode renders an effectual electrochemical performance with maximum specific capacitance of 256 F/g at 0.5 A/g. From cyclic stability measurement, 87% capacitance retention is retained at 10 A/g and 95% achieved at 0.5 A/g after 3000 GCD cycles in a three-electrode system. Assembling of VSBP modified NF electrode as a symmetrical supercapacitor device exhibits a high energy density value of 17.02 Wh/kg with a power density of 816 W/kg and acceptable capacitance retention is achieved 90.6% at 1 A/g current density after 5000 cycles. 2023 Elsevier Ltd -
Viral Uncertainty, How Rumours on Social Media Reshape Public Perceptions in Crises: Digital Misinformation, Fear, and Trust in Contemporary Indian Crisis Communication
These days crises are as digital as they are lived. The advent of social media turns emergencies into quick and often gossip-filled information zones where the rumour mill outpaces the rule book. This study explores how circulatory processes inform audience perceptions and official responses, in light of Indias recentcrises. Drawing on media ecology and audience studies approaches, the study investigates how characteristics of platform design, including algorithmic visibility and affectively laden content, amplify the spread of misinformation. It also considers how users interpret, share, or resist rumours when faced with uncertainty. Rather than framing misinformation only as a problem of truth or falsehood, the study positions it as part of a wider media environment that influences trust, memory, and civic behaviour. By focusing on these dynamics, the paper makes a case for reinvigorating an emphasis on media literacy and ethical communication as imperative methods to mitigate misinformation in times of crisis. Copyright 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global Scientific Publishing is prohibited. Use of this chapter to train generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is expressly prohibited. The publisher reserves all rights to license its use for generative AI training and machine learning model development. -
Virtual Community Mentoring Models for Middle School Underachievers Psychosocial Development and Well-Being During COVID-19
Recent studies highlight the outcomes of COVID-19 on the psychosocial skills of early adolescents. It shows the unavailability of virtual community mentoring models for teenagers' individual and interpersonal growth in the virtual scenario. Hence, there emerges a need to explore and apply the available virtual communication resources by facilitators, families, and other community professionals for teenagers self-development. This article reports the application of virtual resources like WhatsApp, graphic design platforms (CANVA and Adobe), graphic interchange formats (GIPHY App), all-in-one visual content editing forums (InShot App), and memes (Meme Generator App) in engaging and supporting community mentoring capacities leading to psychosocial development and well-being for teenagers during COVID-19. Through this article, contemporary virtual models are explored and executed with community guidance to integrate the personal developmental skills of middle school underachievers. There is also a need to work with community interventions by using virtual mentoring skillsets for positive youth development. 2022, Commonwealth of Learning. All rights reserved. -
Virtual Influencers (VIs): A Bibliometric Analysis and Future Agenda
This study aims to comprehensively understand qualitative and quantitative information about the emerging trends in VIs. It examines 106 articles published in Scopus-indexed journals between 2020 and 2024. The analysis was done with the help of Biblioshiny, an R-developed online application from the Bibliometrix package, and VOSviewer software for analytical and visualization purposes. This study was conducted using the SPAR-4-SLR protocol. The findings showed that recent years have been more productive, and many authors have demonstrated their interest in studying the VIs. Recent trends are social media, virtual reality, marketing, social networking, etc. The study employs a systematic review and bibliometric analysis to extract valuable insights from the extensive body of literature. These insights suggested several areas for future research, providing a roadmap for future researchers to proceed with their research in this area. The comprehensive scientific cartography of the area has yet to be presented; therefore, this study aims to synthesize the current knowledge frameworks within the field and determine the dominant research patterns in the specific area of investigation. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Virtual influencers in India: Transforming digital marketing in the AI era
This chapter explores the emergence and impact of Virtual Influencers (VIs) in the Indian digital marketing landscape, focusing on their ability to engage consumers and redefine brand interactions through AI- driven personas. By examining case studies of prominent Indian virtual influencers like Kyra and Naina Avtr, the chapter analyzes their roles in consumer engagement, cultural relevance, and brand partnerships. The discussion highlights the unique strengths of VIs, including their consistency, scalability, and ability to operate across diverse platforms, while also addressing challenges related to authenticity, emotional connection, and regional adaptation. Drawing on theories of social influence and digital marketing, the chapter provides insights into the opportunities and limitations of VIs in India's culturally diverse and technology- driven market. It concludes by exploring the future of virtual influencers as dynamic tools for brands aiming to balance technological innovation with human- like relatability in a competitive digital ecosystem. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved.