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PEGylated Platinum Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Study of Their Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects
Pain and inflammation are common symptoms of a majority of the diseases. Chronic pain and inflammation, as well as related dreadful disorders, remain difficult to control due to a lack of safe and effective medications. In this work, biocompatible platinum nanoparticles with significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory action were synthesized through a wet chemical method using polyethylene glycol-400 as a capping agent and sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. The average particle size of these Pt nanospheres was determined to be 3.26 nm using TEM analysis, and X-ray diffraction confirmed their face-centered cubic crystalline structure. Fourier transform infrared and UV-visible spectroscopy confirm that Pt-NPs are coated with the PEG-400 molecule. The significantly negative zeta potential value (?26.8 mV) indicates the stability of the produced nanoparticles. In vitro cytotoxicity studies on normal cell lines show nontoxic behavior with over 96% cell viability at 100 ?g/mL of the test sample. In vitro assays of inhibition of protein denaturation and DPPH free radical scavenging elucidated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of PEGylated Pt NPs with promising EC50 values 57.99 and 9.324 ?g/mL, respectively. In vivo animal trials confirmed that PEG-capped Pt-NPs are more effective than conventional medicines. The in vivo hot plate assay for the analgesic study shows a maximum response time of 14.5 1.22 s (92.54% analgesia) at a dosage of 50 mg/kg and 13.8 0.71 s (86.05% analgesia) at a dosage of 25 mg/kg after 180 and 240 min of administration, respectively. In the rat paw edema model for anti-inflammatory activity, the PEG-capped Pt NPs exhibit significant inhibitory action, with the maximum percentage of edema inhibition at a dosage of 50 mg/kg identical to that of the aspirin-based standard medication administered at a higher dosage of 100 mg/kg, resulting in 42% inhibition, suggesting a versatile solution for inflammation and persistent pain. 2025 American Chemical Society. -
Aloe Vera Protein Encapsulated Platinum Nanoparticles for Pain and Inflammation Therapy
Platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) possess unique redox activity, chemical stability, and enzyme-mimetic properties, making them promising candidates for anti-inflammatory and analgesic therapies; however, protein-based green encapsulation strategies for such applications remain largely unexplored. In this study, we report the biochemically assisted synthesis of Aloe vera protein-encapsulated platinum nanoparticles (APPt NPs) using sodium borohydride as the reducing agent and freshly extracted Aloe vera proteins as both stabilizing and capping agents. The formation of Pt NPs was confirmed by a characteristic colour change and validated through physicochemical characterization. X-ray diffraction revealed a face-centred cubic crystalline structure, UVvisible spectroscopy showed absorption in the 220280 nm range due to surface plasmon resonance, and FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of protein functional groups on the nanoparticle surface. APPt NPs demonstrated significant biological efficacy. In vitro assays showed inhibition of protein denaturation (IC50 = 44.52 g/mL) and strong free-radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 10.39 g/mL). In vivo studies revealed ?60% analgesic efficacy at 50 mg kg?1 in the hot-plate model and ?50% inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw edema after 4 h, outperforming the standard drug. These results collectively highlight APPt NPs as a biocompatible, redox-active nanotherapeutic candidate for managing pain and inflammation. 2026 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
PEGylated Platinum Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Study of Their Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects
Pain and inflammation are common symptoms of a majority of the diseases. Chronic pain and inflammation, as well as related dreadful disorders, remain difficult to control due to a lack of safe and effective medications. In this work, biocompatible platinum nanoparticles with significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory action were synthesized through a wet chemical method using polyethylene glycol-400 as a capping agent and sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. The average particle size of these Pt nanospheres was determined to be 3.26 nm using TEM analysis, and X-ray diffraction confirmed their face-centered cubic crystalline structure. Fourier transform infrared and UV-visible spectroscopy confirm that Pt-NPs are coated with the PEG-400 molecule. The significantly negative zeta potential value (?26.8 mV) indicates the stability of the produced nanoparticles. In vitro cytotoxicity studies on normal cell lines show nontoxic behavior with over 96% cell viability at 100 ?g/mL of the test sample. In vitro assays of inhibition of protein denaturation and DPPH free radical scavenging elucidated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of PEGylated Pt NPs with promising EC50 values 57.99 and 9.324 ?g/mL, respectively. In vivo animal trials confirmed that PEG-capped Pt-NPs are more effective than conventional medicines. The in vivo hot plate assay for the analgesic study shows a maximum response time of 14.5 1.22 s (92.54% analgesia) at a dosage of 50 mg/kg and 13.8 0.71 s (86.05% analgesia) at a dosage of 25 mg/kg after 180 and 240 min of administration, respectively. In the rat paw edema model for anti-inflammatory activity, the PEG-capped Pt NPs exhibit significant inhibitory action, with the maximum percentage of edema inhibition at a dosage of 50 mg/kg identical to that of the aspirin-based standard medication administered at a higher dosage of 100 mg/kg, resulting in 42% inhibition, suggesting a versatile solution for inflammation and persistent pain. 2025 American Chemical Society. -
Microwave assisted structural engineering on efficient eco-friendly natural dye alizarin for dye sensitized solar cells application
The novel eco-friendly natural dyes, (9E, 10E), ? 9, 10-bis(2-(4-nitrobenzylidene) hydrazono) ? 9,10 dihydroanthracene-1,2-diol (NHA) have been synthesised using the one-pot microwave-assisted solvent evaporation method, and physicochemical characterizations were carried out using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, GC-MS, and FT-IR data. The photophysical properties of NHA dye were determined using experimental and theoretical techniques. The Stoke's shift shows a large bathochromic shift in polar solvents, which is due to the ??? * transition. The ground-state optimization of NHA dye was carried out using density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP/631 G level basis set. The HOMO-LUMO and energy band gap values computed from density functional theory and absorption threshold wavelengths are good agreement with each other. Further, the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on NHA dye has been studied using spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. It was observed that, NHA dye showed fluorescence quenching in the presence of TiO2 NPs, which is due to the photo induced electron transfer process. The apparent association constant of the interaction between NHA dye and TiO2 nanoparticles is also calculated using the Benesi-Hildebrand model. The Rehm-Weller relation infers that thermodynamically favourable electron transfer takes place between dyes and TiO2 NPs. Further, the solar cell was constructed using NHA dye as a sensitizer, and the photovoltaic conversion efficiency was found to be 1.16%. 2023 Elsevier GmbH -
Heat and mass transfer of AgH2O nano-thin film flowing over a porous medium: A modified Buongiorno's model
Due to their numerous applications, such as fibre and wire coating, polymer preparation, etc., thin films have recently come into focus in the analysis of heat and mass transport. As a result, the current article's main objective is to investigate how heat and mass are transferred when an AgH2O (sliverwater) thin film flows past a stretching sheet that is subject to thermal and velocity slips. The research takes into account other variables including porosity, thermal radiation, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion, among others, to ensure that the outcomes are consistent with real-world conditions. Along with these parameters, the impact of the nanoparticle volume fraction is also analysed by incorporating the modified model of the existing Buongiorno model. The resulting mathematical model is transformed into ordinary differential equations with the help of appropriate similarity transformation. The system of equations thus obtained is solved by employing the RKF-45 technique and the outcomes are expressed in terms of graphs and tables. The major outcomes indicate that the increase in the mixed convection parameter causes enhancement in the temperature profile while a reduction in the velocity profile. The thermophoresis is found to increase both the temperature and concentration profiles of the thin film. Whereas, the greater values of the volume fraction of the nanoparticles enhance the temperature and diminishes the velocity. 2023 The Physical Society of the Republic of China (Taiwan) -
Regarding Deeper Properties of the Fractional Order Kundu-Eckhaus Equation and Massive Thirring Model
In this paper, the fractional natural decomposition method (FNDM) is employed to find the solution for the Kundu-Eckhaus equation and coupled fractional differential equations describing the massive Thirring model. The massive Thirring model consists of a system of two nonlinear complex differential equations, and it plays a dynamic role in quantum field theory. The fractional derivative is considered in the Caputo sense, and the projected algorithm is a graceful mixture of Adomian decomposition scheme with natural transform technique. In order to illustrate and validate the efficiency of the future technique, we analyzed projected phenomena in terms of fractional order. Moreover, the behaviour of the obtained solution has been captured for diverse fractional order. The obtained results elucidate that the projected technique is easy to implement and very effective to analyze the behaviour of complex nonlinear differential equations of fractional order arising in the connected areas of science and engineering. 2022 Tech Science Press. All rights reserved. -
Toward sustainability 4.0: A comprehensive analysis of sustainability in corporate environment
Sustainability is one of the key requirements for any business, and continuously changing business requirements and the environment are the main drivers of sustainable business practices. However, there exist gaps in recognizing and aligning these sustainable practices with everyday operational activities. This study's aim is to explore the current awareness level in business leaders and stakeholders about corporate responsibility toward sustainability and reflects on the obstacles encountered by them in diverse built environments, laying the groundwork for addressing these hurdles and contributing toward the overall sustainable development. The study has two major findings: the analysis revealed that there is a paradigm shift in the understanding of sustainability; in contrast to earlier publications, newer publications focus on technological advancements such as the use of "Green Building Information Management" and "Green Internet of Things" illustrating the real-time implications of sustainable practices. Further analysis found a knowledge gap that exists among business leaders in understanding the concept of sustainable development. This, in essence, poses a burden for corporate leaders to keep up with ongoing technological developments. The study concludes that to achieve sustainable growth, leadership in the corporate environment needs a 360-degree view of sustainability, allowing them to assign equal value to the environment, social, and economic pillars of sustainability to address the current issues leveraging from the state-of-the-art technological innovations. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021. All rights reserved. -
Sustainability In The Built Environment: Are We Doing Enough?
Sustainability is one of the key requirements for any business; however, there exist gaps in recognizing and aligning these sustainable practices with everyday operational activities. With this in mind, this study aims to explore the current awareness level in business leaders and stakeholders about corporate responsibility towards sustainability and reflects on the obstacles encountered by them in diverse built environments, laying the groundwork for addressing these hurdles and contributing towards the overall sustainable development. The study uses a thematic approach to analyzing data with the help of NVIVO12 software. The major findings include Energy Auditing process - not carried out frequently; both sustainability and profitability go hand in hand; absence of technology such as AI and Sensor technology has contributed to the built environment's energy performance gap; there is a knowledge gap that exists among business leaders in understanding the concept of sustainable development. The Electrochemical Society -
An Improved Combined Adaptive Outline for Contrast Enhancement of Blood Vessels
Appropriate vascular segmentation is dependent on effective picture pre-processing techniques that improve the contrast of the blood vessels, reduce noise, eliminate non-uniform illumination, highlight thin vessels, and retain background texture. These techniques are necessary for accurate vessel segmentation. Here, both the edge- and texture-smoothed data from the vessel probability map are used in the derivation of the adaptive optimal q-order in the G-L mask. The smooth information is not affected, the textures are maintained, and the contrast of the blood vessels is enhanced, thanks to the proposed filter. In addition to sharpening the focus on the vessels themselves, a Gaussian curve fitting is used to contrast stretch the entire image. Retinal fundus images processed with cerebral DSA are subjected to both qualitative and quantitative assessments of contrast enhancement. Quantitative performance indicators are tabulated and compared to other approaches to show how well this technique works for improving medical images everywhere. The suggested filter is easy to implement, flexible enough to adapt to different images, and effective at increasing both vessel contrast and overall image contrast. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
A meta-ethnographic synthesis of lived experience of spouse caregivers in chronic illness
Social workers routinely work with chronically ill, providing support for long term care. Several qualitative studies describe the experiences of the person and carer in a chronic illness. There is a limited synthesis of these experiences to aid practice. The current review aims to present a synthesis of the experiences of the spouses of chronically ill persons reported in the literature. A comprehensive search of electronic databases was done, and the studies were selected using PRISMA guidelines. The selected studies were subjected to quality check using CASP guidelines and a score was assigned to each of those studies. Later, qualitative synthesis of the results of the selected studies was done using the principles of meta-ethnography. 2407 studies published between 19992019 were identified and 22 studies were included in the final synthesis. The number of participants in the studies reviewed was 309, with more representation of females. The reciprocal synthesis of these studies identified loss, change, caregiving and exhaustion, barriers in providing care, illness experience, coping, socio-cultural norms and support as common themes from the accounts of the participants. Continuity of change was identified as the core concept in the lived experience of the spouses of chronically ill persons. Illness, loss and Lived experience is proposed as a model of the lived experience of the spouses. Through this synthesis, the factors influencing the lived experience of spouse caregivers is understood, which can help social work professionals in the health sector in planning interventions for the spouses of chronically ill persons. The Author(s) 2021. -
Integrated Home-Based Palliative Care in Motor Neuron Disease: A Case Report from Low- Middle Income Country
In many international care guidelines, multidisciplinary palliative care forms a key to optimum management in Motor Neuron Disease (MND). We describe the home-based palliative care interventions for a client with MND and his family from a Low and Middle-income country context. This report also discusses the advantages and challenges of the same with suggestions for sustaining the quality of care for neuro palliative conditions. 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Development of Guidelines for Spouses Engaged in Home-Based Care of Persons With Motor Neuron Disease From Indian Context
Background: The caregivers of persons with motor neuron disease (MND) have several needs that are usually not voiced on any platform. Aim: To explore the lived experience of spouses of persons with MND, identify their needs and develop guidelines for better home-based care. Method: An exploratory study with 3-point in-depth interviews among 13 participants was conducted. Participants were the spouses of persons with MND under treatment at a national quaternary referral center. The interpretative phenomenological analysis identified participants needs. These needs, with literature review synthesis, guided the drafting of guidelines, which was validated by experts. Results: The needs were emotional, social, care systems, and skills. The guidelines developed contained 2 sections (1) Information for the spouses: understanding MND, communication, symptom management, marital relationship, palliative care, and everyday life made easier. (2) Well-being of the spouse caregivers: well-being of the spouse caregivers, self-care, mental health, supporting carers in palliative care, where to find help. Conclusion: The guidelines can be developed as a manual for the caregivers and for training healthcare professionals working with neurodegenerative conditions. The Author(s) 2022. -
Facile combustion synthesis of highly active Mo doped BiVO4 for photocatalytic dye degradation, photo-oxidation of alcohols, antifungal and antioxidant activities
This work represents the facile and green synthesis of Molybdenum (Mo)-doped bismuth vanadate (BiVO4). Green synthesis of Mo-doped BiVO4 was done using combustion technique using Mangifera indica (Mango) leaf extract as the fuel for combustion. The material synthesised was pure and characterised using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, ultravioletvisible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). It was found that Mo-doped BiVO4 had monoclinic scheelite phase, with a bandgap of 3.71eV. Various application was possible from the synthesised material like photodegradation of Malachite Green, a typical organic which showed excellent degradation efficiency of 99% under 120minutes. The catalyst also gave up to 95% yields in the light-assisted oxidation of aromatic alcohols to corresponding aldehydes. The material also showed excellent antioxidant properties showing 6.7g of ascorbic acid equivalence (AAE). It gave an excellent minimum lethal dosage (MLD) of 500g against Penicillium and Trichoderma fungal strains and showed maximum of 32 mm zone of inhibition. These applications show the versatility of the material to be used in various fields. 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Conversion of Amine to Amide and Degradation of Methylene Blue Using BiOClTiO2 Nano Heterostructures
Abstract: Facile green synthesis of BiOClTiO2 was done using combustion technique by Ixora coccinea leaf extract as fuel source. The said material was characterized using XRD, SEM, EDX, HRTEM, SAED, FTIR, and UV-DRS. The particle size was found to be approximately 60nm and a crystallite size of 0.3nm from TEM. The photocatalytic activity of the material was found out using photoluminescence studies, dye degradation and photocatalytic organic conversion. The material showed excellent dye degradation capacity for methylene blue with 80% of the dye degraded under 3hrs. The stabilisation of electronhole pair by the heterostructure gave it the ability to perform easy degradation. The degradation kinetics have also been studied. It also showed an excellent organic conversion property with formylation yield reaching up to 96% and total conversion of the reactant molecule. The material is a potent photocatalyst due to its great efficiency and can have a remarkable role in the synthesis of important organic molecules and detoxification of environment. Graphical Abstract: The heterostructure catalyses the conversion of amine to amides and mineralizes methylene blue under visible light condition. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
Translating psychoneuroimmunology into community practice
The morbidity and mortality rates in India due to non-communicable diseases have been at their peak since 2015. There is a well-established connection between stress and these chronic illnesses; the physiological and behavioral avenues of stress trigger or exacerbate chronic diseases. The feedback loop between nervous, endocrine, and immune systems is the focus of psychoneuroimmunology. A comprehensive model involving the connection between the neural, immune, and endocrine systems, and social and psychological factors is important for addressing chronic illnesses in a community practice. The psychoneuroimmunology framework is quite successful at the individual level for various chronic diseases. The current paper strategized the psychoneuroimmunology framework in the community using the comprehensive six-level Community Health Impact Pyramid for Health Care model. For implementing this model in the community, the interventions were designed in preventive, promotive, and curative dimensions using an ecological systems perspective and life course approach. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
FUZZY MODULARITY AND FUZZY COMPLEMENTS IN FUZZY LATTICES
In this paper, we study the concept of fuzzy modularity in fuzzy lattices. We also define a fuzzy Birkhoff lattice and study fuzzy complements in fuzzy lattices. We prove that the notions of a right and a left complement coincide in a fuzzy lattice I??k University, Department of Mathematics, 2022; all rights reserved -
The role of energy efficiency in income inequality dynamics in developing Asia: Evidence from artificial neural networks
This study investigates the drivers of income inequality trends in seven developing Asian countries between 1990 and 2022, exploring the effects of energy efficiency, government spending, economic growth, globalization, and human development. The study investigates how these variables affect income inequality using various statistical methods, including long-run machine learning and prediction models. The findings indicate a negative impact of energy efficiency on income inequality, highlighting the potential of energy-saving measures in narrowing the income gaps between the rich and poor. Government spending, economic growth, globalization, and human development are also crucial in alleviating income inequality in developing Asian countries. This study underscores the importance of tailored policies, advocating for investments in energy efficiency, targeted government spending, larger economic integration, and inclusive growth strategies to address income inequality in developing Asia. 2024 -
Evaluation of the Neuroprotective Efficacies and Related Mechanisms of Cirsimaritin in MPTP-Induced Parkinson in Mice with Following the Molecular Docking Studies
Parkinsons disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neuronal loss and oxidative stressinduced apoptosis. The present study evaluated the neuroprotective potential of cirsimaritin against MPTP-induced PD in mice and explored its possible mechanism through combined in silico and in vivo approaches. Molecular docking using AutoDock Vina revealed that cirsimaritin exhibits strong binding affinities with key antioxidant enzymes (CAT, GPx, and SOD) and apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, ?8, and ? 9), suggesting possible modulation of oxidative and apoptotic signaling pathways. In vivo, PD was induced by MPTP (30mg/kg, i.p., for 7days), followed by oral administration of cirsimaritin (25 and 50mg/kg). Behavioral assessmentsincluding the open field, narrow beam walking, and wire hanging testsdemonstrated significant improvement in locomotor and neuromuscular performance in cirsimaritin-treated mice. Biochemical analyses revealed that cirsimaritin restored dopamine and its metabolites, decreased lipid peroxidation (TBARS), and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD, and GPx). Additionally, cirsimaritin attenuated apoptosis by upregulating Bcl-2 and downregulating Bax and caspase-3 expression. Histopathological examination confirmed reduced neurodegeneration in the brain hippocampus of treated mice. These findings indicate that cirsimaritin exerts potent neuroprotective effects in MPTP-induced PD mice, likely through its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic actions, supporting its potential as a therapeutic candidate for Parkinsons disease. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2026. -
Beyond the talk: Parentadolescent sexual socialization in a culture that silences discourse about adolescent sexuality
Objective: This systematic review examined how parents socialize their adolescents' sexual behaviors and attitudes through indirect communication processes. Background: Sexual socialization between parents and adolescents extends beyond formal conversations about sexuality. Understanding indirect sexual socialization can identify messages that may be helpful or harmful to adolescents living in the United States, a culture where family conversations about sex are often uncomfortable and infrequent. Method: We systematically reviewed 41 articles from 20122022 that addressed how U.S. parents indirectly socialize their adolescents' sexuality. Results: Parents conveyed messages about sexuality through their behaviors (modeling behaviors and enforcing rules), words (and silence) in everyday conversations, and emotional reactions to sexual topics. These processes reflected parents' own sexualization within contexts in which sexual behavior during adolescence is seen as inappropriate, embarrassing, or private. Some adolescents internalized parents' indirect sexual socialization. However, parents and adolescents are also agentic and sometimes resisted problematic socialization processes. Conclusion: Findings suggest that a cultural discourse of silence on adolescent sexuality leaves parents unprepared for everyday interactions that present socializing opportunities. Overcoming this lack of preparation requires conscious effort on the part of parents and adolescents. Implications: Understanding indirect sexual socialization processes allows researchers and practitioners to identify strategies to interrupt problematic intergenerational cycles and to challenge the harmful effects of macrolevel political divisiveness on families and children. 2025 The Author(s). Family Relations published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of National Council on Family Relations. -
Interepisodic functioning in patients with bipolar disorder in remission
Background and Objectives: Patients with bipolar disorder (BD), despite recovering symptomatically, suffer from several functional impairments even in remission. The actual causes of impaired functioning are less known. Materials and Methods: The study aimed to examine the clinical and psychosocial determinants of functioning in patients with BD in remission. A cross-sectional single-group design was adopted (n = 150). Participants meeting the study criteria were screened with Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview Scale. The selected participants were administered various tools to assess the level of functioning and the clinical, psychosocial determinants of functioning. Results: The clinical characteristics of the sample included early age of onset of illness, presence of precipitating factors, fewer episodes, minimal comorbidities, history of psychotic episodes, family history of mental illness, good medication adherence, and low depression and mania scores. Psychosocial factors included higher stress and moderate social support and self-esteem in the sample. Poor functioning patients had a history of longer hospital stay and had greater scores on depression, mania, stress, and maladaptive coping styles than better functioning patients. Conclusion: Higher depression, mania, stress, and maladaptive coping strategies were related to poor functioning, while higher medication adherence, self-esteem, and social support were related to better functioning. 2018 Indian Psychiatric Society - South Zonal Branch Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.