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Putting sustainable human resource management and workplace eudaimonic well-being into cross-cultural context
This study examines how sustainable human resource management (HRM) impacts employee work engagement and eudaimonic well-being across cultural contexts that differ on individualism-collectivism dimension. Theoretically, the study draws from Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Ryan & Deci, 2017) and the model of culture fit (Aycan et al., 1999). Using data from 14,502 employees nested in 54 countries working in a variety of positions across different sectors, we found support for our hypothesized modelthat is, sustainable HRM was positively related to employee eudaimonic well-being via enhanced work engagement. The study found that one moderating effectthe relationship between work engagement and eudaimonic well-beingwas stronger in countries that are more individualistic rather than collectivistic. The findings provide support for the universality of the SDT-based approach to understanding employee experiences based on sustainable HRM and cultural variations that inform work-related eudaimonic well-being. Our study advances existing cross-cultural research on sustainable HRM and employee well-being. 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. -
Deciphering the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on food security, agriculture, and livelihoods: A review of the evidence from developing countries
With COVID-19 now spreading in developing countries, massive consequences on health and livelihoods are feared. Food security is the most important and crucial aspect of sustainable development. The agricultural sector forms the backbone of the economy and provides livelihood to a large section in developing countries. Therefore, the disruption in food security and the agricultural sector will have far-reaching impacts on these countries. Owing to the importance of these sectors, this paper performs a comprehensive assessment of the effect of COVID-19 on food security and agriculture. The research suggests coping and mitigation mechanisms that can be adopted to sustain livelihoods. 2020 The Author(s) -
Coping with Public and Private Face-to-Face and Cyber Victimization among Adolescents in Six Countries: Roles of Severity and Country
This study investigated the role of medium (face-to-face, cyber) and publicity (public, private) in adolescents perceptions of severity and coping strategies (i.e., avoidant, ignoring, helplessness, social support seeking, retaliation) for victimization, while accounting for gender and cultural values. There were 3432 adolescents (ages 1115, 49% girls) in this study; they were from China, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, India, Japan, and the United States. Adolescents completed questionnaires on individualism and collectivism, and ratings of coping strategies and severity for public face-to-face victimization, private face-to-face victimization, public cyber victimization, and private cyber victimization. Findings revealed similarities in adolescents coping strategies based on perceptions of severity, publicity, and medium for some coping strategies (i.e., social support seeking, retaliation) but differential associations for other coping strategies (i.e., avoidance, helplessness, ignoring). The results of this study are important for prevention and intervention efforts because they underscore the importance of teaching effective coping strategies to adolescents, and to consider how perceptions of severity, publicity, and medium might influence the implementation of these coping strategies. 2022 by the authors. -
Bioactive Phytochemicals from DatePalm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Seed Oil Processing By-products
Humans cultivate plants for their daily commodities, like food and medicines. Innumerable varieties of crops and plant-derived products like cotton, fruits, vegetables, grains, pulses, and oils have been developed. A variety of seed oils have been used by humankind in dietary supplements and regarded as feedstock for the production of biofuels. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one such plant used in the production of oil. Date palm is a commercial fruit that is primarily cultivated in South Mediterranean countries. Date palm fruit and its processed products such as jams, jellies, and syrup are globally consumed. However, tons of seed waste is generated after processing and raises environmental problems due to poor seed waste disposal practices. Scientific reports suggest that date palm seed oil is a rich in minerals, fatty acids, and various phytochemicals like phenols, flavonoids, sterols, and tocopherols. These bioactive molecules possess significant pharmacological activities like antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotectivity. This chapter summarizes the phytochemicals present in the date palm seed oil, discusses the fatty acid composition in various date palm cultivars worldwide, and highlights the pharmacological activities exhibited by the date seed oil. The chapter also discusses the effective utilization of date seed oil in the food and pharmaceutical industry and the seed oil by-products in biofuel production. Pharmaceuticals and biofuel production presents an excellent opportunity for the valorization of date palm cultivation and economic returns. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities of Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.). Schott)
Plants are said to be the finest source of food and phytochemicals. Along with aerial plant components, subterranean tuberous, stems, and roots were often consumed for their phytochemical and nutritional worth. Colocasia esculenta(L.). Schott is an essential plant that is utilized for its nutritional and phytochemical properties. It is commonly called taro, which is very rich in plant secondary metabolites and their respective pharmacological properties. Taro is consumed by people worldwide and serves as a staple food in Asian and African countries, leading to its abundant production. Extensive studies has explored the nutritional composition of taro, which has been identified as a promising source of dietary fiber. Moreover, taro exhibits a wealth of minerals and phytochemicals, including phenols, flavonoids, and various derivatives, which contribute to its diverse pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of taro, encompassing its nutritional profile, phytochemistry, and numerous pharmacological properties. Additionally, it addresses the important aspects of biosafety in relation to taro consumption and highlights potential prospects for sustainable production of this remarkable tuber crop. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities of Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.). Schott)
Plants are said to be the finest source of food and phytochemicals. Along with aerial plant components, subterranean tuberous, stems, and roots were often consumed for their phytochemical and nutritional worth. Colocasia esculenta (L.). Schott is an essential plant that is utilized for its nutritional and phytochemical properties. It is commonly called taro, which is very rich in plant secondary metabolites and their respective pharmacological properties. Taro is consumed by people worldwide and serves as a staple food in Asian and African countries, leading to its abundant production. Extensive studies has explored the nutritional composition of taro, which has been identified as a promising source of dietary fiber. Moreover, taro exhibits a wealth of minerals and phytochemicals, including phenols, flavonoids, and various derivatives, which contribute to its diverse pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, and anticancer effects. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of taro, encompassing its nutritional profile, phytochemistry, and numerous pharmacological properties. Additionally, it addresses the important aspects of biosafety in relation to taro consumption and highlights potential prospects for sustainable production of this remarkable tuber crop. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. -
A comparative study on the adaptability of the different varieties of solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato) in salt stress condition
The objective of the present study was to study the levels of antioxidant and oxidant metabolites such as total protein, proline, peroxidase, lipid peroxidase, catalase,and anthocyanin and phenol contents in nine varieties of tomato plants (Cerasiforme (Cherry tomato), Indamrohini, Marglobe, Ns 538, Sacchariya, San Marzano 3, Suhyana, Tomato Oblate Yellow, Vanda) treated under various NaCl concentrations (50, 100, 200 and 250 Mm). Salinity is one of the significant abiotic stresses, which affects plant cell metabolism and reduces plant productivity. Plants tolerant to NaCl implement a series of adaptations to acclimate to salinity, including morphological, physiological and biochemical changes. Under saline conditions, plants have to activate different physiological and biochemical mechanisms in order to cope with the resulting stress. Such mechanisms inclu de changes in morphology, anatomy, water relations, photosynthesis, the hormonal profile, toxic ion distribution and biochemical adaptation (such as the antioxidative metabolism response). An updated discussion on salt-induced oxidative stress and its effect on the antioxidant machinery in both salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive plants is the major part of this study. The aim of the present study is to extend our understanding of how salinity may affect the physiological characteristics of plants. 2020 IJSTR. -
Histopathological and Toxicological Studies on Zebra Fish Using White-Fruited and Green-Fruited Varieties of Momordica charantia
Momordica charantia is well known for its medicinal properties. It has exhibited various pharmacological activities, such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Although this plant is used worldwide as a vegetable and medicinal ingredient in herbal medicines, its toxicity studies have not been conducted to date. This study attempts to understand its toxicity. The present study examined the activity of two enzymes, acetylcholinesterase and succinate dehydrogenase, as well as histopathological variations in the liver, intestine, and gills of zebrafish. The results of the acetylcholinesterase assay showed that the concentrations of 40 mg/L and 60 mg/L of the four extracts (leaf and fruit extracts of both varieties) exhibited increased enzyme activity. Interestingly, the leaves of the green fruit variety at a concentration of 60 mg/L showed the highest activity, with a value of 2.824 0.0682 micromoles/min compared to the control value of 1.8347 0.0046 micromoles/min. On the other hand, the succinate dehydrogenase assay revealed that the concentrations of 40 mg/L and 60 mg/L of the extracts decreased the enzyme activity. The highest inhibition was observed in the concentration of 60 mg/L of the leaves of the white-fruited variety and the green-fruited variety, with values of 1.884 0.0482 micromoles/min compared to the control value of 2.747 0.0046 micromoles/min. The studies on histopathological changes also demonstrated abnormalities in the brain, liver, intestine, and gills of zebrafish after the exposure to the extracts of M. charantia. The severity of the damage varied from low to high concentraions. In general, this study sheds light on the safety profile of Momordica charantia and highlights its potential toxicity in animal models. The findings suggest that more research is needed to fully understand the toxicity of this plant and its implications for human use. 2024 Jobi Xavier et al. -
Acute Toxicity of Leaf Extracts of Enydra fluctuans Lour in Zebrafish (Danio rerio Hamilton)
The present study was focused on the concentration-dependent changes in oral acute toxicity of leaf extracts of E. fluctuans in zebrafish. The study was also aimed at the details of histopathological changes in the gill, liver, brain, and intestine of zebrafish exposed to the leaf extracts of the plant E. fluctuans. Enydra fluctuans Lour is an edible semiaquatic herbaceous plant used widely for the alleviation of the different diseases. Since there were no toxicity studies conducted on this plant, the present study was an attempt to look into the elements of toxicity of the plants. Two types of experiments are conducted in the present study. First, the acute oral toxicity study was conducted as per the OECD guidelines 203. Second, histopathological changes were observed in the fishes exposed to the lethal concentrations of plant extract. The oral acute toxicity studies conducted on Zebrafish have revealed that the leave extracts of E. fluctuans were toxic to the tested fish at the concentration of 200 mg/kg body weight. The histopathological studies conducted on the intestine of treated fishes showed that treatment has induced rupturing of the villi structure and fusion of villi the membrane and detachment of the villi structure from the basal membrane of the intestine. The histology of the liver also showed severe vacuolization in the cells while it is not affected in control. The studies on gills showed the detachment of the basal epithelial membrane in the gills compared to control which might have led to death of the fish. The histopathological observations of brain tissues treated with test samples also revealed the marked impingement in the brain parenchyma while the control is normal without impingement of the brain. 2020 Jobi Xavier and Kshetrimayum Kripasana. -
Antioxidant activities of leaves and fruits of piper nigrum and piper longum
Background and Objectives: Herbs and spices have been used to enhance flavors of food, as well as for their medicinal purposes. Herbs usually contain antioxidant properties. The present study was focused on the importance of the antioxidants present in Piper nigrum and Piper longum widely used by the people of India in their food. Materials and Methods: The methanolic extracts of the leaves and fruits of both Piper nigrum and Piper longum were prepared using soxhlet extraction method. The total phenolic content (TPC) of the plant samples were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The total flavonoid content (TFC) of the plant was determined. The inhibitory effect of the plant against oxidation by peroxides was evaluated by ferric thiocyanate assay. Results: The highest concentration of phenol was obtained from Piper nigrum leaves. The highest flavonoid content was observed in the Piper nigrum leaves (0.15 mg). The higher reducing potency of the antioxidants was present in the leaves and fruit of Piper nigrum and Piper longum exhibiting their antioxidant properties. The ability of the plant extracts of Piper nigrum and Piper longum against lipid peroxidation was revealed through the efficiency of inhibiting the radicals at a percentage of 58.33, 77.77, 66.66 and 22.22, respectively. Conclusion: From the study it was concluded that leaves and fruits of Piper nigrum and Piper longum have shown high antioxidant properties. So, they are considered to be rich sources of natural antioxidants for food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. 2020 Jobi Xavier and Seju Thomas. -
Effect of treated and untreated domestic sewage water irrigation on tomato plants
Background and Objectives: Agricultural cultivations in the world are suffering from water shortages. Water scarcity poses challenges in the economy and health of people all over the world. The present study aimed the cultivation of tomato plants using groundwater, treated and untreated domestic sewage water and tried to make a comparative study on the heavy metals present in the leaves and fruits of the tomato plants. Materials and Methods: The water samples were analyzed for various physicochemical parameters such as; pH, total hardness, chloride, total alkalinity, dissolved oxygen and heavy metal. Stomatal conductance was measured using porometer. The heavy metal analysis was conducted using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Results: All physicochemical parameters were found to be below the permissible level of standard values in the groundwater and treated domestic sewage water, but above the permissible level in untreated domestic sewage water. Stomatal conductance was found to be very low in the plants treated with untreated domestic waste water (296.33/428 in the ventral surface during the morning and noon, respectively) when compared to the leaves of the plants treated with other water samples. Untreated domestic sewage water showed a very high level of lead, i.e., 7.5354 ppm, whereas the treated sewage water contained 0.5650 ppm slightly above the permissible level. Conclusion: The present study has revealed that the treated domestic sewage water would be used for the irrigation of agricultural cultivation. 2020 Jobi Xavier and Akhil K. Varghese. -
Pre and Post Operative Brain Tumor Segmentation and Classification for Prolonged Survival
The aim of this research was to provide a detailed overview of the techniques in detecting and segmenting meningioma brain tumor in pre- and post-operative MRI images and classify for presence of meningioma thereby giving an early diagnosis to decrease the death rate. This study examines trending techniques for brain tumour segmentation and classification in Magnetic Resonance (MR) images of pre and post-surgery. For the segmentation and anomalies in the brain categorization, several approaches such as regular machine learning techniques (K-mean bunching, Fuzzy C mean grouping etc.), Deep Learning-based approaches (CNN, ResNET, Dense Net, VGG etc.), classical algorithms (Snake contour, watershed method etc.), and hybridization approaches were applied, according to the analysis. Information base, for example, BRATS, Fig-Share, EPISURG or TCIA can be taken to gather clinical pictures which principally contains of 2 classifications, pre and post pictures of Brain tumor. The multiple processes of brain tumour segmentation methodologies, such as preprocessing, feature extraction, segmentation, and classification, are also explained in this work. The task of segmenting residual and recurrent tumors differs greatly from that of segmenting tumors on baseline scans before surgery. This study shows that each approach has its own set of pros and limitations, as well as notable findings in terms of precision, sensitivity, and specificity, according to the comparison research. The use of segmentation approaches to determine success and reliability has been discovered. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Post-Operative Brain MRI Resection Cavity Segmentation Model and Follow-Up Treatment Assistance
Post-operative brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) segmentation is inherently challenging due to the diverse patterns in brain tissue, which makes it difficult to accurately identify resected areas. Therefore, there is a crucial need for a precise segmentation model. Due to the scarcity of post-operative brain MRI scans, it is not feasible to use complex models that require a large amount of training data. This paper introduces an innovative approach for accurately segmenting and quantifying post-operative brain resection cavities in MRI scans. The proposed model, named Attention-Enhanced VGG-U-Net, integrates VGG16 initial weights in the encoder section and incorporates a self-attention module in the decoder, offering improved accuracy for postoperative brain MRI segmentation. The attention mechanism enhances its accuracy by concentrating on a specific area of interest. The VGG16 model is comparatively lightweight, has pre-trained weights, and allows the model to extract incredibly detailed information from the input. The model is trained on publicly available post-operative brain MRI data and achieved a Dice coefficient value of 0.893. The model is then assessed using a clinical dataset of postoperative brain MRIs. The model facilitates the quantification of the resected regions and enables comparisons with each brain region based on pre-operative images. The capabilities of the model assist radiologists in evaluating surgical success and directing follow-up procedures. 2024 by the authors of this article. -
A weighted-Weibull distribution: Properties and applications
The paper describes a two parameter model and its relationship to the widely used Weibull model. Mathematical properties of the distribution like survival and hazard functions, moments, harmonic and geometric means, Shannon entropy and mean residual life are derived. Different methods of estimation are discussed and a simulation study is performed to verify the efficiency of estimation methods. Applications of our distribution in different scenarios observed in real life areillustrated. 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
Pandemic, War and Geo-Political Risk: The Outlook for Global Economy
This Chapter analyses the world economic outlook in the backdrop of the Pandemic, the Russia-Ukraine war, geo-political tensions, and social unrest emerging around the world. The COVID-19 Pandemic an unwanted gift from the nature spreading across the nations in multiple waves and mutation has devastated the global economy. The governments and central banks responded with huge bailouts to beat the potential recession that led to excess liquidity and demand-pull inflation. The global GDP declined due to multiple lockdowns to contain the spread of the virus. Due to scarcity of inputs, labour and supply chain disruptions the cost of production surged and augmented cost-push inflation. Further, the Russian invasion of Ukraine aggravated the supply-side shocks from sanctions and energy and food inflation surgeda 38-year highto 6.7 percent in advanced economies and 8.7 percent in emerging markets and developing economies creating misery among people particularly in the low-income countries. The running magnitude of inflation complicated the policy efforts, and the central banks and governments reversed the trade-off for inflation from safeguarding the growth. Besides, the social unrest in developed countries (Canada, New Zealand, the US, Austria, the Netherland) and developing countries (Chile, Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Brazil, Belarus, Sri Lanka, Ethiopia, Burkina Faso, Tajikistan, and Sudan) have added the geo-political tensions (China and Taiwan) worsening the world economic outlook. The first section of this chapter narrates the COVID-19 pandemic impact (loss of lives and livelihood), leading to declining trends in global GDP, income, employment and international trade, and increasing trends in poverty, unemployment, inequality and inflation. The second section analyses the impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and social unrest gathering around the world leading to geo-political tensions, supply-side shocks and inflation trending to a level not seen in the last four decades. The policy efforts reversed to monetary tightening and increasing the interest rates causing capital outflows, currency depreciation and foreign exchange reserve meltdown. Developing countries with limited fiscal space to counteract are prone to prolonged stagflation (inflation plus unemployment) and skewflation risk (product prices rising but asset prices falling). In the near-term, the global economy is facing an extremely challenging outlook due to sharply rising food, fertilizer and energy prices, and rising interest rates, capital outflows, currency depreciation and unsustainable levels of external debt. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
Development of carbonaceous anode battery materials from cornstalk and their electrochemical characterization using cyclic voltammetry
This paper presents a study on the development of carbonaceous battery anode material derived from biomass sources, particularly cornstalk for energy storage applications. The carbonization process was optimized, followed by activation and doping with transition metal oxides like nickel and cobalt to enhance the electrochemical performance of the anode material. Cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry studies were employed to characterize the electrochemical properties, specifically the charge storage behavior of the synthesized materials. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum, BrunauerEmmettTeller analysis, and scanning electron microscopy were employed to study the impact of doping, surface area, pore size distribution, and surface morphology. The results indicate that doping with metal oxides significantly improves the conductivity and charge storage capacity of the carbon-based materials, making them promising candidates for sustainable battery applications. The Author(s) 2025. -
Heat transfer simulation of reline flowing in an elliptic shaped duct: A deep eutectic solvent
Deep Eutectic solvents have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional solvents due to their unique properties and applications. The flow of deep eutectic solvents in various industrial processes has garnered significant attention due to their versatile applications in fields ranging from chemical engineering to energy storage. This study presents a comprehensive mathematical model aimed at elucidating the intricate behavior of eutectic solvent flow within an elliptic duct, a geometric configuration relevant to many real-world systems. In this article, the deep eutectic solvent is composed of choline chlorideurea and is also called Reline. The proposed mathematical model accounts for the complex interplay of fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, and elliptic duct geometry. Key components of the model include the Navier-Stokes equations, which describe the fluid flow, coupled with heat transfer equations to account for temperature variations within the system. The model also considers the phase change behavior of the eutectic solvent, which may exhibit solidification or crystallization phenomena under certain conditions. Numerical simulations and analytical solutions are employed to investigate various aspects of eutectic solvent flow within elliptic ducts, such as velocity profiles, pressure distributions, temperature gradients, and phase transition phenomena. The study explores the influence of key parameters, including the Reynolds number, the aspect ratio of the duct, and the thermophysical properties of the eutectic solvent, on the systems behavior. From the results, it was clearly observed that the velocity at the narrow region decreased as the pressure raised and the Reynolds number profile indicated the presence of turbulent flow behavior. 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
The flow analysis of Williamson nanofluid considering the Thompson and Troian slip conditions at the boundary
In this article, the impact of Joule heating on the thermal performance of Williamson nanofluid is analyzed under the influence of viscous dissipation along with the Joule heating. Also, the flow is subjected to Thompson and Troian slip conditions that directly influence the velocity of the flow at the boundary. Meanwhile, to achieve the even distribution of nanoparticles in the nanofluid, gyrotactic microorganisms are dispersed whose motion is due to the virtue of density gradient. The heat conduction at the surface is governed by the convective condition which allows the interpretation of the Biot number. The mathematical model is constructed employing these presumptions using partial differential equations, which are then subsequently reduced using similarity transformations to get the ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The RKF-45 numerical approach is used to solve the nonlinear ODE system thus acquired, and the findings are validated by comparing them to the previously published works. The results of this study showed that the higher values of thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters cause more heat conduction. Also, the rise in the Eckert number that relates to the internal friction enhances the temperature conducted by the nanofluid. Meanwhile, the Lorentz force helps in controlling the flow velocity. 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Heat transfer simulation of reline flowing in an elliptic shaped duct: A deep eutectic solvent
Deep Eutectic solvents have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional solvents due to their unique properties and applications. The flow of deep eutectic solvents in various industrial processes has garnered significant attention due to their versatile applications in fields ranging from chemical engineering to energy storage. This study presents a comprehensive mathematical model aimed at elucidating the intricate behavior of eutectic solvent flow within an elliptic duct, a geometric configuration relevant to many real-world systems. In this article, the deep eutectic solvent is composed of choline chlorideurea and is also called Reline. The proposed mathematical model accounts for the complex interplay of fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, and elliptic duct geometry. Key components of the model include the Navier-Stokes equations, which describe the fluid flow, coupled with heat transfer equations to account for temperature variations within the system. The model also considers the phase change behavior of the eutectic solvent, which may exhibit solidification or crystallization phenomena under certain conditions. Numerical simulations and analytical solutions are employed to investigate various aspects of eutectic solvent flow within elliptic ducts, such as velocity profiles, pressure distributions, temperature gradients, and phase transition phenomena. The study explores the influence of key parameters, including the Reynolds number, the aspect ratio of the duct, and the thermophysical properties of the eutectic solvent, on the systems behavior. From the results, it was clearly observed that the velocity at the narrow region decreased as the pressure raised and the Reynolds number profile indicated the presence of turbulent flow behavior. 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Insight into the effects of waste vegetable oil on self-healing behavior of bitumen binder
The application of waste vegetable oil (WVO) in bitumen has been the subject of research for years, however, the self-healing behavior of WVO modified bitumen (WMB) has not been adequately reported. In this research, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and laboratory experiments were performed to reveal the effects of WVO on the self-healing behavior of bitumen. Models of base bitumen and WMB were constructed. Further, dynamic calculations were carried out for the self-healing models of base bitumen and WMB both with 10 microcracks. The energy properties, conformation and density of bitumen during the self-healing process were analyzed. Meanwhile, the effects of WVO on the fractional free volume (FFV) of bitumen, the distribution of bitumen components and the mobility of bitumen molecules were investigated. Finally, the modified fatigue-healing-fatigue (FHF) test was conducted to verify the effects of WVO on the self-healing efficiency of bitumen. Results show that Van der Waals forces drive the mobility of bitumen molecules. Along with the disappearance of the central microcrack, the density of the self-healing system gradually increases and finally reaches that of the bulk bitumen. WVO with superior mobility capacity increases the FFV of bitumen and converts asphaltene large aggregated structure into small aggregated structure, which facilitates the mobility of the bitumen during the self-healing process. Thus, the addition of WVO contributes to the self-healing efficiency of the bitumen. The modified FHF test also verified that the self-healing efficiency of bitumen is improved with the presence of WVO. These findings provide further insight into the self-healing behaviors of WMB. 2022