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Novel magnetic nanocomposites and their environmental applications
Environmental contamination by numerous emerging pollutants including pharmaceuticals, microplastics, and pesticides residues is one of the greatest problems facing the world today. The release of these pollutants into the air, water, and soil causes serious threat to plants and animals. These contaminants enter the food chain through contaminated agricultural produce and animals, posing a threat to human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel methods to detect, degrade, and remove toxic environmental pollutants. Recently, nanomaterials have been widely used in various applications as catalysts, sensors, and adsorbents due to their unique outstanding properties. This chapter, therefore, focuses on the recent application of magnetic nanoparticles and their respective nanocomposites as degradation catalysts, adsorbents, and electrochemical sensors for detection and removal of environmental pollutants. 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Green synthesis of Cobalt Oxide nanoparticles with in-vitro cytotoxicity assessment using pomegranate (Punica granatumL.) seed oil: A promising approach for antimicrobial and anticancer applications
Green synthesis of nanoparticles and their pharmacological implementation have gained importance in the field of nanotechnology. This study primarily aims to explore the use of Punica granatum L. seed oil as a reducing agent for the synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles, making it both economically and pharmacologically valuable. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis was carried out to study the active metabolites present in P. granatum seed oil. The green synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles was established based on the color change of the reaction mixture from dark green to light green. These particles showed a ?max at 279.88 nm for UV-visible spectrometry analysis. Furthermore, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE SEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) were performed to confirm the nature of these nanoparticles. The pharmacological potential of these cobalt oxide nanoparticles was tested against microbial pathogens. The results suggest that these nanoparticles exhibited significant activity against various human bacterial and fungal pathogens. Additionally, in in vitro cytotoxicity analysis, demonstrated that CoONPs selectively targeted MCF-7 cancer cells with a significant IC50 value compared to non-cancerous cells (L929). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that green synthesized CoONPs using P. granatum show significant potential against eukaryotic cancer cells and microbial pathogens. Furthermore, this study has implications for medical research centers and pharmaceutical industries in addressing modern challenges such as increasing antibiotic resistance in communities. 2024 Horizon e-Publishing Group. All rights reserved. -
Nutritional, biochemical and antioxidant activities of edible and non-edible parts of Punica granatum L.
In the present study, the nutritional profiling and antioxidant analysis of the different parts of Punica granatum was done. In the nutritional profiling, different percentages of moisture content was found in the flower (9.63%), leaf (9.17%), peel (5.34%), root (8.08%), stem (4.09%) and fruit (3.54%). Ash content was recorded higher in the stem (30%/g) followed by root, leaf, flower, fruit and peel. Also, the major and minor elements like nitrogen, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulphur, zinc, copper, manganese and iron were analysed in different parts of P. granatum. The fruit recorded the highest amount of nitrogen (5.710.01%) and phosphorus (5.710.01%) whereas peel was recorded with more potassium (0.990.01%). The phytochemical quantification showed the major content of carbohydrates in the flower (317.96 mg/g) and leaf (315.62 mg/g). The protein was recorded higher in fruit (69 mg/g) and proline in root (19.54 mg/g). The TPC was recorded more in the peel (240.72 g/g) followed by the flower (223.05 g/g). P. granatum peel was recorded with maximum flavonoid content (873.13 g/g) and had a higher antioxidative response in comparison to other plant parts of P. granatum. 2024, Indian journals. All rights reserved. -
A Study on Nutritional, Biochemical and Pharmacological Property of Punica grantum L.
Biologically active components present in different medicinal plants which protects the human from diseases and allow health benefits. In the present study, the nutritional, biochemical and newlinepharmacological analysis of the different parts of Punica granatum var Bhagwa was done. In the nutritional profiling, dry moisture content was found high in the flower (9.63%) followed by leaf, peel, root, stem and fruit. Ash content was recorded higher in the stem (30%/gm) followed by root, leaf, flower, fruit and peel. Also, the macro and microelements present in different parts of newlineP. granatum var Bhagwa were analyzed. The fruit recorded the highest amount of nitrogen and phosphorus whereas the peel was recorded with more potassium. The phytochemical newlinequantification showed the major content of carbohydrates in the flower (317.96 mg/g) and leaf (315.62 mg/g). The protein in fruit (69 mg/g) and proline in root (19.54 mg/g) were recorded. P. granatum peel was recorded with maximum phenolic and flavonoid content. It showed a high antioxidative response in comparison to other plant parts. This study also aims to explore the use of P. granatum seed oil as a reducing agent for the synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles. These cobalt particles showed a and#955;max at 279.88 nm for UV-visible spectrometry analysis. Furthermore, X-ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope and Dynamic Light Scattering were performed to confirm the nature of these nanoparticles. The pharmacological potential of these cobalt oxide nanoparticles was tested against microbial pathogens. The results suggest that these nanoparticles exhibited significant newlineactivity against various human bacterial and fungal pathogens. Additionally, in vitro cytotoxicity analysis of CoONPs had targeted MCF-7 cancer cells with a significant IC50 value compared to non-cancerous cells (L929). This study concluded that Bhagwa variety of P. -
Decoding Big Data: The Essential Elements Shaping Business Intelligence
In today's Business Intelligence (BI) world, Big Data Analytics integration has become critical, transforming company strategy and decision-making processes. This study investigates the complex influence of Big Data on business intelligence, focusing on important drivers of this transition. It investigates how Big Data's improved data processing capabilities, integration of advanced analytics techniques such as machine learning, and real-time data insights enable businesses to make more informed decisions and achieve a competitive advantage. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the importance of personalized consumer insights, operational savings, and strategic benefits obtained from predictive analytics when adopting Big Data for BI. 2024 IEEE. -
Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning for Hybrid Motion Planning in Dynamic Environments
This research presents a novel approach to addressing the challenges of gesture forecasting in impenetrable and dynamic atmospheres by integrating a hybrid algorithm within a multi-agent system framework. Traditional methods such as Force-based motion planning (FMP) & deep reinforcement learning (RL) often struggle to handle complex scenarios involving multiple autonomous agents due to their inherent limitations. To overcome these challenges, we propose a hybrid algorithm that seamlessly combines the strengths of RL and FMP while leveraging the coordination capabilities of a multi-agent system. By integrating this hybrid algorithm into a multi-agent framework, we demonstrate its effectiveness in enabling multiple agents to navigate densely populated environments with dynamic obstacles. Through extensive simulation studies, we illustrate the superior performance of our approach compared to traditional methods, achieving higher success rates and improved efficiency in scenarios involving simultaneous motion planning for multiple agents. A hybrid motion planning algorithm is also introduced in this very research. Performance Comparison of Hybrid Algorithm, Deep RL, and FMP are also discussed in the result section. This research paves the way for the development of robust and scalable solutions for motion planning in real-world applications such as collaborative robotics, autonomous vehicle fleets, and intelligent transportation systems. 2024 IEEE. -
Gender modulates the development of theta event related oscillations in adolescents and young adults
The developmental trajectories of theta band (4-7. Hz) event-related oscillations (EROs), a key neurophysiological constituent of the P3 response, were assessed in 2170 adolescents and young adults ages 12 to 25. The theta EROs occurring in the P3 response, important indicators of neurocognitive function, were elicited during the evaluation of task-relevant target stimuli in visual and auditory oddball tasks. These tasks call upon attentional and working memory resources. Large differences in developmental rates between males and females were found; scalp location and task modality (visual or auditory) differences within males and females were small compared to gender differences. Trajectories of interregional and intermodal correlations between ERO power values exhibited increases with age in both genders, but showed a divergence in development between auditory and visual systems during ages 16 to 21. These results are consistent with previous electrophysiological and imaging studies and provide additional temporal detail about the development of neurophysiological indices of cognitive activity. Since measures of the P3 response has been found to be a useful endophenotypes for the study of a number of clinical and behavioral disorders, studies of its development in adolescents and young adults may illuminate neurophysiological factors contributing to the onset of these conditions. 2015 Elsevier B.V. -
Genetic correlates of the development of theta event related oscillationsin adolescents and young adults
The developmental trajectories of theta band (47Hz) event-related oscillations (EROs), a key neurophysiological constituent of the P3 response, were assessed in 2170 adolescents and young adults ages 12 to 25. The theta EROs occurring in the P3 response, important indicators of neurocognitive function, were elicited during the evaluation of task-relevant target stimuli in visual and auditory oddball tasks. Associations between the theta EROs and genotypic variants of 4 KCNJ6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found to vary with age, sex, scalp location, and task modality. Three of the four KCNJ6 SNPs studied here were found to be significantly associated with the same theta EROs in adults in a previous family genome wide association study. Since measures of the P3 response have been found to be a useful endophenotypes for the study of a number of clinical and behavioral disorders, studies of genetic effects on its development in adolescents and young adults may illuminate neurophysiological factors contributing to the onset of these conditions. 2016 Elsevier B.V. -
Weakly nonlinear stability analysis of salt-finger convection in a longitudinally infinite cavity
This paper is a two-dimensional linear and weakly nonlinear stability analyses of the three-dimensional problem of Chang et al. ["Three-dimensional stability analysis for a salt-finger convecting layer,"J. Fluid Mech. 841, 636-653 (2018)] concerning salt-finger convection, which is seen when there is sideways heating and salting along the vertical walls along with a linear variation of temperature and concentration on the horizontal walls. A two-dimensional linear stability analysis is first carried out in the problem with the knowledge that the result could be different from those of a three-dimensional study. A two-dimensional weakly nonlinear stability analysis, that is, then performed points to the possibility of the occurrence of sub-critical motions. Stability curves are drawn to depict various instability regions. With the help of a detailed stability analysis, the stationary mode is shown to be the preferred one compared to oscillatory. Local nonlinear stability analysis of the system is done in a neighborhood of the critical Rayleigh number to predict a sub-critical instability region. The existence of a stable solution at the onset of a weakly nonlinear convective regime is indicated, allowing one to perform a bifurcation study in the problem. Heat and mass transports are discussed by analyzing the Nusselt number, Nu, and Sherwood number, Sh, respectively. A simple relationship is obtained between the Nusselt number and the Sherwood number exclusively in terms of the Lewis number, Le. 2022 Author(s). -
Recommender system for personalised travel itinerary
A recommender system is an approach to give an appropriate solution to a particular problem. This helps in recognising the pattern or behaviour of a user to suggest future possible likes of the user. Nowadays people like to travel during their spare time, it has become a rigid task to decide where to go. This paper represents a customised recommender system to help users in destining their itinerary. A model is designed to suggest the best places to visit in Rome. A questionnaire was prepared to get information about user's interest during their travel. The model generates the best five places to visit with respect to the choice picked by the user. The top five places for each category will be displayed to the user and the user was asked to pick a starting point for the itinerary. Then the model generates another set off a filtered list of places to enhance their travel experience. It includes displaying the top 5 restaurants to visit during their travel. Copyright 2019 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. -
Imprint of Fertiliser Policies on Farming Practices Evidence from the Top Five Consuming States
The policies related to the use of nitrogen fertilisers since independence are reviewed using primary and secondary databases to derive the present status of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertiliser use among farmers. Recommendations for increasing nitrogen use efficiency in agriculture for sustainability are provided. 2023 Economic and Political Weekly. All rights reserved. -
Charting Industry 4.0 Routes Incubation Centers: A Study on Atal Incubation Centre
Start-ups have garnered significant attention in India, as well as many other areas of the world, in the past few years. Start-ups may produce significant solutions through innovative and adaptable technology, acting as vehicles for socioeconomic growth and transformation. Some businesses were created in recent times, but the ecosystem was still in its infancy, with just a few investments and a limited number of support programs such as incubators. As business environments have evolved, there are signs that the function of incubators has shifted and extended to a center giving training, with over 20, 000 start-ups and a year-on-year growth rate of 10-12%, India boasts the worlds second largest start-up ecosystem. Since business settings have changed, there are indications that the purpose of incubators has moved and expanded to a center for training and support, connecting, and consulting to new enterprises in all fields of specialization rather than just a business center with office space. According to incubators, the major worry or problem was establishing suitable infrastructure with specialized technology that met the demands of the companies. In terms of investment, incubators were concerned about the schemes rigidity. Some incubators opted to extend financing or make grants rather than make equity investments. This issue originated largely from the regulatory complexities of incubators at educational institutions that make equity-based investments in businesses. Start-ups do not exist in isolation, but rather as a component of the larger economy. In terms of the regulatory framework, it is thought that enhancing the execution of existing start-up regulations and eliminating inefficiency within the administration is critical to making it easier for start-ups to do business. Start-ups would benefit from less paperwork and documentation, improved access to information, more standardized operational processes, and clear criteria. 2023 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC. -
Assessment of Attitude and Knowledge of Law Students towards Tele-evidence Facility for Doctors
A doctor's role not only includes patient care but also to provide evidence in the court as and when called upon to do so. Evidence giving in the court leads to an additional burden on the doctor with regards to the time and money spent on travelling, cancellation of the hearing after reaching the court, etc. An alternative for all these problems can be tele-evidence. This study aims to know the attitude and perception of final year undergraduate law students towards tele-evidence facilities for doctors. A cross sectional study was done using a questionnaire-based survey. The Likert scale questionnaire was used to assess the attitude, and the Cronbach alpha coefficient checked the Likert items' internal consistency. The analysis of the data was done using SPSS version 25. When summarised by median and mode for the individual Likert items, the results showed that the final year undergraduate law students have a positive outlook towards tele-evidence facilities for doctors but lack exposure to such advances. A study taking into account the opinion of practising lawyers and judges, especially those who have done court hearings using tele-evidence facilities for doctors, needs to be done. 2024, Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine. All rights reserved. -
Smart production monitoring using drones in cyber-physical agricultural systems
The population of the world has shown a notable swift in recent years and the need for food has also gradually increased. The extra demand could be met by smart agricultural systems because manual and traditional crop cultivation is tedious, time-consuming and requires manpower to a great extent. The increased population is not the only factor for the shortage of food; there are many other influencing factors involving crop damage due to insects, lack of monitoring, and many others that should be overcome by the implementation of smart technologies in agriculture and resulting in a revolution of the agriculture or it can be addressed as Agri 4.0. This chapter provides insight into the implementation of drone technology which will result in many positive shifts in Agri 4.0. To address the various associated problems, causes, and consequences in the production, the smart production system with the incorporating technologies shows the notable solutions. Through the underlying chapter, the need, usage, architecture, implementation, and other related aspects are discussed. 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Structure and biological properties of exopolysaccharide isolated from Citrobacter freundii
This study aimed to investigate the molecular characterization, antioxidant activity in vitro, cytotoxicity study of an exopolysaccharide isolated from Citrobacter freundii. Firstly, the culture conditions were standardized by the Design of experiments (DoE) based approach, and the final yield of thecrude exopolysaccharide was optimized at 2568 169 mg L?1. One large fraction of exopolysaccharide was obtained from the culture filtrate by size exclusion chromatography and molecular characteristics were studied. A new mannose rich exopolysaccharide (Fraction-I) with average molecular weight ~ 1.34 105 Da was isolated. The sugar analysis showed the presence of mannose and glucose in a molar ratio of nearly 7:2 respectively. The structure of the repeating unit in the exopolysaccharide was determined through chemical and 1D/2D- NMR experiments as:[Formula presented] Finally, the antioxidant activity, and the cytotoxicity of the exopolysaccharide were investigated and the relationship with molecular properties was discussed as well. 2020 Elsevier B.V. -
Data encryption in public cloud using multi-phase encryption model
Cloud computing the most used word in the world of Information Technology, is creating huge differences in IT industry. Nowadays huge amount of data is being generated and the researchers are finding new ways of managing these data. Basically, the word cloud refers to a virtual database that stores huge data from various clients. There are three types of cloud public, private and hybrid. Public cloud is basically for general users where users can use cloud services free or by paying. Private cloud is for any particular organizations and hybrid one is basically combine of both. Cloud offers various kind of services such as IAAS, PAAS, SAAS where services like platform for running any application, accessing the huge storage, can use any application running under cloud are given. The cloud also has a disadvantage regarding the security for the data storage facility. Basically, the public cloud is prone to data modification, data hacking and thus the integrity and confidentiality of the data is being compromised. Here in our work the concern is to protect the data that will be stored in the public cloud by using the multi-phase encryption. The algorithm that we have proposed is a combination of Rail Fence cipher and Play Fair cipher. 2018 Snata Choudhury, Dr. Kirubanand V.B. -
Structural domination and coloring of some (P7,C7)-free graphs
We show that every connected induced subgraph of a graph G is dominated by an induced connected split graph if and only if G is C-free, where C is a set of six graphs which includes P7 and C7, and each containing an induced P5. A similar characterization is shown for the class of graphs which are dominated by an induced connected complete split graph. Motivated by these results, we study structural descriptions of some classes of (P7, C7)-free graphs. In particular, we give structural descriptions for the class of (P7, C7, C4, gem)-free graphs and for the class of (P7, C7, C4, diamond)-free graphs. Using these results, we show that every (P7, C7, C4, gem)-free graph G satisfies ?(G)?2?(G)?1, and that every (P7, C7, C4, diamond)-free graph H satisfies ?(H)?max{3,?(H)}. 2020 Elsevier B.V. -
Roxburgh was right: Aponogeton microphyllus and Aponogeton undulatus are distinct species
Aponogeton microphyllus, previously placed under the synonymy of A. undulatus, is recognized here as a distinct species based on morphology, chromosome number, and molecular phylogenetics (nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed (ITS) spacer region). Observations on the type and live specimens revealed morphological differences between the two species. Aponogeton microphyllus flowered regularly and set seeds. Aponogeton undulatus flowered rarely, did not set seeds, but showed formation of young plantlets on the inflorescence axis. Similarly, different chromosome numbers were recorded in Aponogeton microphyllus and the two forms of A. undulatus, viz., AF1 and AF2, whichoccurin distinct populations. Aponogeton microphyllus exhibited polysomaty with root-tip cells showing 2n=40, 42, and 44 chromosomes. The two forms of A. undulatus, AF1 and AF2, showed 2n=84 and 86 chromosomes, respectively. Based on the ITS data, both speciesoccupiedtwo separate clades. Plastid trnK intron region indicated a close relationship between both species. Our study suggests the need for comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of A. undulatus across its distribution range based on more advanced techniques such as high-throughput sequencing data to understand the A. undulatus species complex and to detect natural hybrids of this species. 2023, Indian Academy of Sciences. -
Medicinal potential of the Cape-pondweed family (Aponogetonaceae): A review
Aponogeton (Aponogetonaceae) is an aquatic genus comprising 60 species distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World. The species of the genus are traditionally used to treat a wide variety of diseases including cuts and wounds, stomach disorders and reviving digestive system, fungal infections, cough, tuberculosis, acne, cancer, diarrhea, dysentery, jaundice, snake bite, etc. A total of 50 compounds have been isolated from Aponogeton species. Essential oils, fatty acids and waxes, ester, quinones, steroids, terpenes and terpenoids, phenols and phenolics are the important compounds present in this genus. In this review, we provide an overview of the taxonomy, molecular phylogeny, biogeography, traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities and tissue culture of Aponogeton. Other aspects such as the use of some species as model plant for studying programmed cell death (PCD) are also discussed. This review on the medicinal potential of the genus aims at attracting the attention of biologists to this phytochemically less explored plant group. The knowledge gaps in different areas of research and future perspectives are also discussed. 2022 SAAB -
Quantifying the role of nanocarbon fillers on dielectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) matrix
Development of polymers with excellent dielectric properties is a challenge for advanced electronic devices. Impregnating conducting fillers like carbon nanoparticles can enhance the dielectric constant, retaining low loss due to its compatibility and favorable polarization within the polymer matrix. The multifunctional characteristics of coal-derived nanocarbon can improve permittivity and facilitate large-scale production at a lower cost. The incorporation of coal-based nanocarbon in the polymer matrix and its dielectric response is seldom investigated. In this work, different ratios (10:90, 50:50, 90:10 by weight) of nanocarbon/PVDF composite are prepared via a simple solution casting technique. The dielectric measurements show that nanofillers addition significantly augments the dielectric constant value, which is ?3 times (50:50 composite) higher than pure PVDF. The uniform distribution of 50% filler within the polymer matrix impeded the seepage of charge at the interface and enhanced the permittivity via polarization of accumulated charges. The composite also exhibited balanced dielectric loss that is essential for energy storage applications. The Author(s) 2022.