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Relationship between financial stress and financial well-being of micro and small business owners: Evidence from India
Micro and small businesses financially suffered due to COVID-19 in India. This financial suffering created financial stress among them and deteriorated their financial well-being. However, micro and small business owners exhibit financial resilience by bouncing back to regular business activities through their hope, optimism, and selfefficacy, which are the components of positive psychological capital. This study analyzes the relationship between financial stress and financial well-being of micro and small firm owners keeping financial resilience as a mediator and positive psychological capital as a moderator in the mediation. This descriptive analysis employed a survey method to collect primary data using the interview method. The interview method was used as most micro and small business owners are comfortable with interaction rather than filling out the questionnaires due to the language barrier. The sample size is 384 respondents, as per Krejcie and Morgan's formula. The mean scores indicate a moderate degree of financial stress (2.354), financial resilience (2.623), and financial well-being (2.637). The level of financial stress differs based on the respondents' gender. Financial stress is more among female business owners (2.504) than their male counterparts (2.265). Further, business owners who earn more have a higher level of financial resilience (2.985), psychological capital (2.951), and financial well-being (2.711). Financial stress significantly impacts financial well-being (28.4%). Financial resilience has a partial mediation effect (65%) on financial stress and financial well-being. Finally, psychological capital moderates indirect relationships among financial stress, financial resilience, and financial well-being. Thangaraj Ravikumar, Mali Sriram, Nagalingam Kannan, Issac Elias, Vinita Seshadri, 2022. -
Relationship between financial inclusion and financial development in India: Is there any link?
A dynamic chain of financial activities and services can be served from debtors to creditors in the international economy through an efficient and effective financial sector. The motivation behind this study is to investigate the linkages between financial inclusion and financial development in India during the period (19802017). For this, the study employ principal component analysis (PCA) to construct both financial inclusion index and financial development index which measures financial access and financial depth position respectively. Using a set of determinants related to financial inclusion and financial development, the present study estimates there is a unidirectional relationship between financial inclusion and financial development in India. So, it reveals that financial inclusion is an essential element for financial sector development especially in a developing country like India. 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
Relationship between Emotional Intelligence andWork - Life Balance among Academicians in Pre University colleges
Emotional Intelligence has always been an encouraging topic for the researchers to dwell on. For a very long time, it was always assessed that Intelligence Quotient (IQ) was a key factor for the determination of success in life. Emotional Intelligence also involves acknowledging the emotions of another individual and how effectively it does coincide with traditional intelligence. The research work is dealt to look at employees and the effects of emotional intelligence and thus looking at the ways in which effective channels are used to channelize the emotions that people go through. Work life balance is a perception with various significances in the current world and implications in the professional and personal life. Work life balance is defined as the stability that the individual requires between period assigned for work and other personal aspects of life. Basis of the study is to develop modules or techniques for training programmes to enhance emotional intelligence and work life balance since there are very few literatures and limited studies conducted before. The study aims at relationship between emotional intelligence and work life balance among academicians in PU colleges. The research study also looks into how experience of the academicians relates to their emotional intelligence and work life balance. Descriptive research design was applied for the study. The essential data for the research was gathered through the standardized questionnaires. A sample of 200 academicians participated in the research. The emotional intelligence test result shows the academicians from different backgrounds and were high on regulation of emotion in the self, acknowledging the emotions of another individual thus providing and shaping the students with more knowledge and insights. From the statistical result from Pearson???s correlation reveals, there is increase in work life balance with the increase in emotional intelligence. The statistical result also accepts the hypothesis and found, there is a moderate positive correlation between emotional intelligence and work life balance. From the statistical result from ANOVA, results showed that there was no significant effect of total years of experience on work life balance. It has been also found from the ANOVA test that, there was an analysis conducted to compare the influence of total years of experience in the current organization on emotional intelligence and found there was a significant effect of total years of experience in the current organization on emotional intelligence. Outcome defines about the emotional intelligence and work life balance among academicians need more attention since they are catering, managing and shaping the students. -
Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Academic Achievement among College Students
Indian Journal of Applied Psychology Vol. 50, pp. 78-81, ISSN No. 0019-5073 -
Relationship between Digital Learning, Digital Literacy and Academic Performance of Higher Education Students: Moderated Mediation Role of Critical Thinking
In today's rapidly evolving educational landscape, digital technologies have become increasingly prevalent, transforming how students access and engage with information. This study explores the relationships among digital learning, digital literacy, and academic performance in higher education, focusing on the moderating and mediating role of critical thinking. The adoption of digital learning platforms, such as online courses and virtual classrooms, has expanded educational access and flexibility. However, concerns regarding their effectiveness persist. Digital literacy, encompassing the ability to navigate digital tools and critically evaluate information, is crucial in this context. This research investigates how students' digital literacy levels influence their academic achievement and examines the mediating role of critical thinking in this relationship. Critical thinking is hypothesized to mediate the effects of digital literacy on academic performance and the impact of digital learning on critical thinking skills. Additionally, the study assesses whether critical thinking moderates the prime relationship between digital learning and academic performance. This descriptive, cross-sectional study employs structured questionnaires to gather primary data from 384 students enrolled in undergraduate, postgraduate, professional, and research programs at private universities in Bangalore, India. The findings indicate that the academic program significantly influences students' perceptions of digital literacy, digital learning, critical thinking, and academic performance, while demographic factors do not. Digital learning alone has a slight negative effect on academic performance, but digital literacy acts as a positive mediator, mitigating this impact. However, critical thinking does not significantly moderate the relationship between digital learning and academic performance. 2024, Iquz Galaxy Publisher. All rights reserved. -
Relationship between Digital Leadership and Organizational Culture: Role of Digital Literacy
This study investigates the influence of digital literacy on leadership styles embraced by organizational leaders and its subsequent impact on organizational culture. The objective is to provide insights that can guide strategic decision-making and leadership development initiatives in the digital age. The research focuses on exploring the relationship between Digital Leadership and Organizational Cultural Changes, with a specific emphasis on the role of Digital Literacy. Primarily quantitative, the research relies on primary data for its insights. A meticulously designed questionnaire is administered to collect the necessary data. The results indicate that a Banking and Financial Services (BFS) manager, aged 31 to 40 years, earning a monthly income between INR 50,001 to INR 1,00,000, regardless of gender, marital status, and education, demonstrates a higher level of perceptions of digital leadership. Conversely, a BFS employee aged above 50 years, earning a monthly income up to INR 30,000, irrespective of gender, marital status, and education, exhibits a lower level of perceptions of digital leadership. Moderation analysis outcomes reveal that the primary connection between perceptions of digital leadership and organizational culture is significant. However, the moderation effect of digital literacy in the relationship between perceptions of digital leadership and perceptions of organizational culture is deemed insignificant. These findings contribute valuable insights for organizational decision-makers seeking to understand the intricate dynamics of digital leadership and its impact on shaping organizational culture in the contemporary business landscape. 2024, Iquz Galaxy Publisher. All rights reserved. -
Relationship between Corporate Governance and Value Based Financial Performance Measures: Evidence from India
The concept of corporate governance is gaining momentum because of changing business environment and various other factors as well as. The EEC, GATT and WTO regulations have also contributed to raise the awareness and are compelling us to think in terms of adhering to the good governance practices. In recent years, value-added relationship between management and stakeholders is considered a requirement for corporate success. The performance measures of corporations have been transformed and value-based financial performance measures like Economic value added (EVA), Market value added (MVA) has been developed.Empirical studies in corporate governance focus on the link between corporate governance and firms performance. There are limited number of studies using performance measures such as EVA and MVA, etc. hence the current study is based on relationship between corporate governance and value based financial performance measures like EVA and MVA, the study focuses on Information technology sector in India. Independent Variables included in the study were CEO Duality, Size of the Board, Management Equity Ownership, Foreign Ownership, Number of Board Meetings, Leverage ratio andSize of the firm. LLC t-test and the IPS w-test were conducted to check the stationarity of series and results are analyzed by multiple panel regression models. Results indicate that EVA, MVA has significant relationship with Corporate Governance variables. SOTB has significant negative relationship with MVA, CEO Duality has positive relationship with the Market value added (MVA) of the firms, the study further indicates there is a significant relationship between Size of the firm and EVA and as the Firm size increases EVA is also increased for the firms. However foreign ownership is found to increase the performance in terms of MVA. Manager ownership is not found to be an important variable in increasing corporate performance with the context of value based management. The study concluded that corporate governance has significance influence on the financial performance of the Information technology firms in India. Keywords: Corporate Governance, EVA, MVA, Correlation, Panel Unit Root. -
Relationship between competencies and performance of management teachers of B-schools in Bengaluru city /
The concept of competency mapping is an established practice in the corporate world for ages. It has been successful in contributing for performance management. The study was aimed to find out whether similar efforts can be made in management education. Researcher aimed to develop a competency mapping tool and to study the relationship between competencies and performance of B School faculty members in the city of Bengaluru. As an outcome of the study a competency mapping tool was developed with five key competency clusters namely Teaching Learning, Assessment Evaluation, Research Publication, Student Development and Administration Coordination. -
Relationship beetween competencies and performance of management teachers of B-school in Bengaluru city
The concept of competency mapping is an established practice in the corporate world for ages. It has been successful in contributing for performance management. The study was aimed to find out whether newlinesimilar efforts can be made in management education. Researcher aimed to develop a competency mapping tool and to study the relationship between competencies and performance of B School faculty members in newlinethe city of Bengaluru. As an outcome of the study a competencymapping tool was developed with five key competency clusters namely Teaching Learning, Assessment Evaluation, Research Publication, Student Development and Administration Coordination. The heads of departments were also part of the study to suggest the desired level of competency levels. Faculty members were asked to rate newlinethe existing level of competencies which they feel they possess. Later the gaps were identified between existing and desired level of competencies in all clusters. Significant differences were found in the assistant professor level with respect to research and publication competency where in Heads newlineof departments expectations were more than the actual level of perceptions. In most other category faculty perception was higher than the Heads perception about competency levels. In case of associate professor newlineand professor category, the overall expected competency level was higher than the faculty perception hence making a strong case of competency gap. While analysing the relationship between competencies and newlineperformance Teaching Learning competencies had the highest relation with overall dimensions followed by Assessment Evaluation newlinecompetencies Study also aimed at exploring the relationship between demographic factors and competencies. Significant difference in the perception did not exist in the gender but in the significant difference was newlineexisting in experience, type of B-Schools belongs to and Courses taught. -
Relation between electricity consumption and economic growth in Karnataka, India: An aggregate and sector-wise analysis
Karnataka is a highly progressive and rapidly growing state in India, with huge potential for industrial growth, however, it grapples with power deficits and other problems in electricity sector, which make it a good case study for Indian electricity sector. Given the importance of electricity in the urbanisation and growth process, the paper analyses the electricity consumption trend in Karnataka, examine its causality with economic growth at aggregate and sectoral levels using Granger causality test, and forecast the future electricity consumption applying Holt-Winters smoothening (no seasonality) technique. The general trend reflects higher consumption by the agricultural consumers, compared to the revenue-generating 'Industries' and 'Commercial' categories, mainly due to the policy of de-metering and providing 'free' power to agricultural consumers since late 1980s. The Granger causality tests reveal that there is no causality relation (neutrality hypothesis) between electricity consumption and economic growth in Karnataka, for total, agricultural and industrial consumption. This basically stems from the inaccurate measurements of agricultural consumption, higher dependence on captive generation, and poor quality grid supply. Finally, electricity consumption is predicted to be around 69,347 GW h by 2019?20. Future policies should focus on universal metering, reducing cross-subsidization, supplying good quality and reliable power to all sectors, and economical planning of resource-mix to achieve adequate, productive and efficient electricity consumption. 2020 Elsevier Inc. -
Relating the role of green self-concepts and identity on green purchasing behaviour: An empirical analysis
At present, consumers in emerging economies are becoming more conscious about environmental well-being. Therefore, organizations compete to make their products and practices more eco-friendly. Several studies have tried to explain the relationship between green consumerism and an individual's buying behaviour using traditional theories. However, there is quite a challenge in understanding the influence of green self-concept (GSC) and green self-identity (GSI) in predicting the green purchase intention (GPI) of consumers. Therefore, the authors developed six hypotheses to assess the relation between self-concept and the GPI. The survey was conducted, and the responses were evaluated through the partial least square (PLS) method. The authors analysed the measurement model results (n = 717) and the direct and indirect mediating effect of the latent variable contributing to GPI. The measurement model results show that a significant relationship exists in the proposed model, namely, GSCs ? green purchasing intentions, product self-concept (PSC) ? green purchasing intentions and GSI ? green purchasing intentions. Further, the GSI acted as a mediator for the measurement model. The implications of the study can be used to understand the green consumer behavior in developing new strategies and policies for the organizational practice in emerging economies. 2020 ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
Rejuvenating human resource accounting research: a review using bibliometric analysis
The current study attempts to map the intellectual structure of Human Resource Accounting to understand the research gaps and future trajectories. The study employs systematic literature review technique to extract relevant literature, bibliometric analysis to map the intellectual structure of research in human resource accounting, to identify underlying research themes and content analysis to identify avenues for future research. Based on 2438publications, author keyword co-occurrences extracted four themes namely, Human Resource Management, Intellectual Capital, Human Capital, and Voluntary Disclosure. The study also summarizes significant findings of papers under each cluster through content analysis identifying areas for future research. The study provides a birds eye view of the intellectual structure of academic research efforts in the field of human resource accounting. The study is one of the first attempt to comprehensively review the academic literature from Scopus database employing systematic literature review, bibliometric methods, and content analysis in the field of human resource accounting. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. -
REIT: A Regulation Framework to Educate and Engage Investors, Improves Trust Ability, Creative Thinking and Transparency
Purpose: This study focuses to understand the Investor?s perception about REITs, REIT provides all the solution to the worries of investors and provide a frame work to educate and engage investors, improve their trust and build transparency. So that they can change their perception that how this underutilised instrument can gain popularity in country as it does in other leading economies. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study's sample design is convenience sampling, and the research design is descriptive. The sample size for this study is 41 and the sample frame is all types of investors in Country. A systematic questionnaire will be used to gather the main source of data. Utilising statistical methods, the data gathered by the questionnaire will be examined. Findings: The results of the study indicate that there is a positive perception amongst the investors in Country regarding REITs, however the study found that the performance of REITs in Country has been promising, with consistent growth in the past few years, and it is expected to continue in the future. Practical Implications: The study's conclusions can help investors, financial institutions, and governments better understand REITs and their expansion in Country. This study may also aid in educating Countryn investors about REITs. Social Implications: This study can have a significant impact on the Countryn economy as with more awareness in the field of REITs, small scale investors or people with low capital can invest in Countryn Real estate through REITs and help in growth of real estate sector and can be a key role in the growth of the real estate sector. Originality/Value: This study is original and valuable as it sheds light on the Countryn investors? perception about REITs. By highlighting the elements that affect investors' perceptions of Countryn REITs, it also adds to the body of current material. 2023, Journal for ReAttach Therapy and Developmental Diversities. All Rights Reserved. -
Reinventing the business model to navigate the evolving business landscape
In today's rapidly evolving business landscape, technological advancements, shifting consumer behaviours, and global economic fluctuations increasingly challenge traditional business models. Organisations must reinvent their business models to remain competitive, embracing innovation, agility, and sustainability. This chapter explores the critical components of reinventing business models, including leveraging digital transformation, adopting customer-centric approaches, and integrating sustainable practices through a comprehensive view of their development. This study thoroughly understands the existing literature on business models, focusing on the features. Integrating sustainability into a business model is also a challenge for many practitioners. The business model innovation agenda is the topic of discussion among most companies. This chapter will explore adopting a business model towards sustainability by integrating environmental, social, and governance factors. The findings underscore the necessity for continuous adaptation and strategic foresight to drive long-term success. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Reinventing Coffee: Pandemic Lessons from Sleepy Owl Coffee
[No abstract available] -
Reinforcement learning strategies using Monte-Carlo to solve the blackjack problem
Blackjack is a classic casino game in which the player attempts to outsmart the dealer by drawing a combination of cards with face values that add up to just under or equal to 21 but are more incredible than the hand of the dealer he manages to come up with. This study considers a simplified variation of blackjack, which has a dealer and plays no active role after the first two draws. A different game regime will be modeled for everyone to ten multiples of the conventional 52-card deck. Irrespective of the number of standard decks utilized, the game is played as a randomized discrete-time process. For determining the optimum course of action in terms of policy, we teach an agent-a decision maker-to optimize across the decision space of the game, considering the procedure as a finite Markov decision chain. To choose the most effective course of action, we mainly research Monte Carlo-based reinforcement learning approaches and compare them with q-learning, dynamic programming, and temporal difference. The performance of the distinct model-free policy iteration techniques is presented in this study, framing the game as a reinforcement learning problem. 2024 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. -
Reinforcement Learning for Language Grounding: Mapping Words to Actions in Human-Robot Interaction
Within the domain of human-robot communication, effective communication is paramount for seamless and smooth collaboration between humans and robots. A promising method for improving language grounding is reinforcement learning (RL), which enables robots to translate spoken commands into suitable behaviors. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in RL techniques applied to the task of language grounding in human-robot interaction, focusing specifically on instruction following. Key challenges in this domain include the ambiguity of natural language, the complexity of action spaces, and the need for robust and interpretable models. Various RL algorithms and architectures tailored for language grounding tasks are discussed, highlighting their strengths and limitations. Furthermore, real-world applications and experimental results are examined, showcasing the effectiveness of RL-based approaches in enabling robots to understand and execute instructions from human users. Finally, promising directions for future research are identified, emphasizing the importance of addressing scalability, generalization, and adaptability in RL-based language grounding systems for human-robot interaction. 2024 IEEE. -
Reinforcement Learning based Autoscaling for Kafka-centric Microservices in Kubernetes
Microservices and Kafka have become a perfect match for enabling the Event-driven Architecture and this encourages microservices integration with various opensource platforms in the world of Cloud Native applications. Kubernetes is an opensource container orchestration platform, that can enable high availability, and scalability for Kafkacentric microservices. Kubernetes supports diverse autoscaling mechanisms like Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA), Vertical Pod Autoscaler (VPA) and Cluster Autoscaler (CA). Among others, HPA automatically scales the number of pods based on the default Resource Metrics, which includes CPU and memory usage. With Prometheus integration, custom metrics for an application can be monitored. In a Kafkacentric microservices, processing time and speed depends on the number of messages published. There is a need for auto scaling policy which can be based on the number of messages processed. This paper proposes a new autoscaling policy, which scales Kafka-centric microservices deployed in an eventdriven deployment architecture, using a Reinforcement Learning model. 2022 IEEE. -
Reiner-Rivlin nanomaterial heat transfer over a rotating disk with distinct heat source and multiple slip effects
The thermodynamic features of the Reiner-Rivlin nanoliquid flow induced by a spinning disk are analyzed numerically. The non-homogeneous two-phase nanofluid model is considered to analyze the effect of nanoparticles on the thermodynamics of the Reiner-Rivlin nanomaterial, which also includes a temperature-dependent heat source (THS) and an exponential space-dependent heat source (ESHS). Further, the transfer of heat and mass is analyzed with velocity slip, volume fraction jump, and temperature jump boundary conditions. The finite difference method-based routine is used to solve the complicated differential equations formed after using the von-Karman similarity technique. Limiting cases of the present problem are found to be in good agreement with benchmarking studies. The relationship of the pertinent parameters with the heat and mass transport is scrutinized using correlation, which is further evaluated based on the probable error estimates. Multivariable models are fitted for the friction factor at the disk and heat transport, which accurately predict the dependent variables. The Reiner-Rivlin nanoliquid temperature is influenced comparatively more by the ESHS than by the THS. The Nusselt number is decreased by the ESHS and THS, whereas the friction factor at the disk is predominantly decremented by the wall roughness aspect. The increment in the non-Newtonian characteristic of the liquid leads more fluid to drain away in the radial direction far from the disk compared with the fluid nearby the disk in the presence of the centrifugal force during rotation. The increased thermal and volume fraction slip lowers the nanoliquid temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction profiles. 2021, Shanghai University. -
Reimagining the Digital Twin: Powerful Use Cases for Industry 4.0
Novel cohorts of information technologies are transformation and upgrading the global manufacturing sector. The analysis of product procedure in discrete globe might furnish significant perceptions resting on scheme routine which may change manufacturing product design. Digital twin predictive analysis on both historical and future performances of an organizations physical resources leading to proficient industry functioning. In digital twin, cloud-based virtual image of industrial asset is maintained throughout the lifecycle which can be accessed at any time. Digital twin enhances the degree and functions of manufacturing world by integrating with the physical world. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.