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Characterization of product cordial dragon graphs
The vertices of a graph are to be labelled with 0 or 1 such that each edge gets the label as the product of its end vertices. If the number of vertices labelled with 0's and 1's differ by at most one and if the number of edges labelled with 0's and 1's differ by at most by one, then the labelling is called product cordial labelling. Complete characterizations of product cordial dragon graphs is given. We also characterize dragon graphs whose line graphs are product cordial. 2024 Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University. -
Characterization of signed paths and cycles admitting minus dominating function
Let G = (V, E, ?) be a finite signed graph. A function f: V ? {?1, 0, 1} is a minus dominating function (MDF) of G if f(u) + Pv?N(u) ?(uv)f(v) ? 1 for all u ? V. In this paper we characterize signed paths and cycles admitting an MDF. 2020 Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University -
Characterization of the Forgotten Topological Index and the HyperZagreb Index for the Unicyclic Graphs
Let G be a molecular graph with V (G) and E(G) be the vertex set and edge set, respectively. Various investigations show that many degree and distance based topological indices are used to exhibit strong intrinsic connection between the molec- ular structures and the physico-chemical properties of the chemical compounds. In this paper, we focus on two degree-based topological indices, namely, the forgotten topological index and the hyper-Zagreb Index expressed as F(G) = P u2V (G) d(u)3 and HM(G) = P uv2E(G)(d(u) + d(v))2, respectively, where d(u) and d(v) are the degrees of the vertices u and v, respectively, in the graph G. We show that the unicyclic graphs can take any even positive integer except 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 26, 28, 30, 34, 36, 38, 42, 46, 50, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 70, 74, 78, 86 and 94 for the forgotten index. A comparable result for the hyper-Zagreb index is also presented. 2020 University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science. All rights reserved. -
Characterization of thermal damage of skin tissue subjected to moving heat source in the purview of dual phase lag theory with memory-dependent derivative
This investigation is devoted to exhibit the thermal damage of skin tissue exposed to a moving heat source. Modelling of the problem is performed by adopting dual phase lag theory of bio heat transfer in context of memory dependent derivative. Laplace transform technique has been adopted to represent the analytical solutions of temperature and thermal damage of skin tissue. Thermal damages to the tissues are calculated by the extent of the denatured protein employing with the Arrhenius equation. In order to predict the significance of memory dependent derivative approach, computational results of temperature and thermal damage are evaluated in the frame of different kernel functions as well as time-delay. For the purpose of exhibiting the attractiveness of the present model, obtained results are compared with the results corresponding to the absence of memory dependent derivative. Also, the impact of the velocity of moving heat source has been precisely investigated on temperature variation and thermal damage of skin tissue using quantitative results. Authors believe that this study will be helpful to study the thermal treatment of several diseases such as hyperthermia. 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
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Characterizations of some parity signed graphs
We describe parity labellings of signed graphs: equivalently, cuts of the underlying graph that have nearly equal sides. We characterize the bal-anced signed graphs which are parity signed graphs. We give structural characterizations of all parity signed stars, bistars, cycles, paths and com-plete bipartite graphs. The rna number of a graph is the smallest cut size that has nearly equal sides; we find this for a few classes of graphs. The author(s). -
Charting Industry 4.0 Routes Incubation Centers: A Study on Atal Incubation Centre
Start-ups have garnered significant attention in India, as well as many other areas of the world, in the past few years. Start-ups may produce significant solutions through innovative and adaptable technology, acting as vehicles for socioeconomic growth and transformation. Some businesses were created in recent times, but the ecosystem was still in its infancy, with just a few investments and a limited number of support programs such as incubators. As business environments have evolved, there are signs that the function of incubators has shifted and extended to a center giving training, with over 20, 000 start-ups and a year-on-year growth rate of 10-12%, India boasts the worlds second largest start-up ecosystem. Since business settings have changed, there are indications that the purpose of incubators has moved and expanded to a center for training and support, connecting, and consulting to new enterprises in all fields of specialization rather than just a business center with office space. According to incubators, the major worry or problem was establishing suitable infrastructure with specialized technology that met the demands of the companies. In terms of investment, incubators were concerned about the schemes rigidity. Some incubators opted to extend financing or make grants rather than make equity investments. This issue originated largely from the regulatory complexities of incubators at educational institutions that make equity-based investments in businesses. Start-ups do not exist in isolation, but rather as a component of the larger economy. In terms of the regulatory framework, it is thought that enhancing the execution of existing start-up regulations and eliminating inefficiency within the administration is critical to making it easier for start-ups to do business. Start-ups would benefit from less paperwork and documentation, improved access to information, more standardized operational processes, and clear criteria. 2023 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC. -
Charting the Future of Fintech: Unveiling Finoracle through an In-depth Comparison of LLAMA 2, FLAN, and GPT-3.5
The research paper compares three Large Language Models (LLMs): LLAMA 2, FLAN, and GPT-3.5, in summarizing financial technology (fintech) news. Using 100 articles and the Rouge scoring system, it focuses on LLAMA 2's superior performance in creating concise and precise summaries. The study also introduces FinSage, a new framework utilizing LLAMA 2, promising to enhance fintech text analysis and decision-making. It concludes that LLAMA 2 sets a new standard for AI in financial data processing and analysis. 2024 IEEE. -
Chatbot Service Quality in Banking : Analyzing Indian Banking Customer Perceptions and Influence on Customer Satisfaction and Value
Purpose: The study has two objectives: first, to determine the quality of chatbot services provided by Indian banks; second, to assess the influence of chatbot service quality variables on customer satisfaction and customer value. Research Methodology: The study used a quantitative methodology, selecting individuals at random from a group of Indian banking clients. We used a questionnaire to collect data from the selected sample as part of a causal research investigation. We made use of SPSS and Python for this analysis. Customer satisfaction and value were taken into account as the dependent variables in our study. The seven elements of service qualityfunctionality, convenience, security, design, customization, enjoyment, and assurancemade up the independent variables. Findings: According to this study, client satisfaction and value were significantly shaped by the quality of the services provided. Customers value was significantly impacted by functionality and enjoyment, and their satisfaction was greatly influenced by assurance, design, and personalization. The unexpected negative impact assurance had on customer value is noteworthy and calls for more research. Practical Implications: In the highly competitive banking industry, this research has important ramifications for banks. It highlighted how important service quality is, which led banks to give priority to customer pleasure and think about making strategic changes. Banks could obtain a competitive advantage by improving the quality of their services, improving chatbot services, and implementing a customer-centric strategy by utilizing the research findings that have been presented. Our research helped banks evolve with the needs of their customers in mind, enabling them to gain credibility, repeat business, and long-term success in the ever-changing banking services market. Originality/Value: This study examined how consumers in Indian banks perceive the value and satisfaction of chatbot services and how they use them. The study provided useful recommendations and concepts to improve the general consumer experience. 2024, Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved. -
ChatGPT and Academia: Exploring the transformations and transitions
Since its launch in November 2022, this tool has brought massive transformations in almost every imaginable field. Among those fields, academia is perhaps the most discussed domain. However, much of what ChatGPT can do is still understudied. Therefore, this chapter aims to investigate the potential impact of ChatGPT in the domain of academia while exploring the possibilities for the future. The study emphasizes the theories that link ChatGPT's presence to its effects on academia and research. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
ChatGPT and virtual experience: Student engagement in online script writing-An experimental investigation among media students
To study and assess the immersive virtual environment experience of ChatGPT on student engagement in online script writing among media students, an experiment was conducted at the VR Experiential Lab, Christ University, between September 2023 and January 2024. The media students were tasked with writing a script for a short film within a VR environment, with ChatGPT displayed using an Oculus HMD (head-mounted display). A total of 180 students were recruited for the study through purposive sampling, and experiment photos are provided in the appendix. The data collection tool utilized was the virtual experience questionnaire developed by Tcha-Tokey. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
ChatGPT in education: Augmenting learning experience or dehumanizing education?
This chapter critically examines the potential of ChatGPT, an AI language model, to revolutionise education. It presents a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of using ChatGPT in education, including its ability to enhance the learning experience and the potential loss of essential skills due to over-reliance on technology. The chapter also raises ethical concerns about using ChatGPT in education, including data privacy and bias. Ultimately, the chapter concludes that ChatGPT should be used with human teachers to create a learning environment combining technology and human interaction. It highlights the importance of using ChatGPT responsibly to enhance, rather than dehumanise, education. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
CHEMICAL REACTION INDUCED RAYLEIGH-B??NARD CONVECTION IN A DENSELY PACKED POROUS MEDIUM SATURATED WITH A COUPLE-STRESS FLUID
The problem of Rayleigh-Benard convection in a couple-stress fluid saturated densely packed porous medium with chemical reaction is studied within the framework of linear stability analysis. Only infinitesimal disturbances are considered. The linear stability analysis is based on the normal mode technique. The Darcy law is used to model the momentum equation. Closed form solution for the basic quiescent state is first obtained. The principle of exchange of stabilities is valid and the existence of oscillatory instability is ruled out. The expression for the stationary media-Darcy-Rayleigh number is obtained as a function of the governing parameters, viz., the wave number, the couple-stress parameter and the Frank-Kamenetskii number. The Galerkin method is used to determine the eigenvalues. The effect of various parameters on the stability of the fluid layer is discussed through figures. -
Chemical castration: Justice for victims or justice for the rapist /
American Journal of Criminal Law, Vol.3, pp.1-5, ISSN No: 2581-5504. -
Chemical Demineralization of High Volatile Indian Bituminous Coal by Carboxylic Acid and Characterization of the Products by SEM/EDS
Journal of Environmental Research and Development, Vol-6 (3A), pp. 653-659. ISSN-0973-6921 -
Chemical leaching of an indian bituminous coal and characterization of the products by spectroscopic techniques
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of high volatile bituminous coal as well as their insoluble organic matter, obtained by chemical leaching with HF, EDTA and acid mixture (HF + HCl and HF + HNO3) were recorded between 500 and 4000 cm-1. UV-Visible-NIR spectroscopy was used to study the sample and its leached products in the 200-800 nm wavelength region. Oxygen containing structures were observed in the 1800-1000 cm-1 zone, aliphatic hydrogen in the 2920-2800 cm-1 zone, aromatic outof- plane structure in the 900-670 cm-1 zone. A great abundance of C=C structure was noticed at 1600 cm-1 region, while clay and silicate minerals were identified in the 540 cm-1 and 1030 cm-1 region. With chemical leaching silicate bands showed a decrease in intensity and were least for EDTA and HF leached samples. The UV-Visible -NIR spectrum showed absorption maximum at 235-270 nm and was shown a red shift with leaching. The II-II* electronic transitions of the poly-nuclear aromatic hydrocarbons was responsible for the absorption at 680 nm. The weak bands observed in the visible region (400-500 nm) were due to the presence of SO2 in the sample and decreased with chemical leaching. It was evident from the results that amongst the leachants used, hydrofluoric acid and acid mixture had significant effect in removing the mineral matter and oxygenated functional groups. -
Chemical leaching of an Indian bituminous coal and characterization of the products by vibrational spectroscopic techniques
High volatile bituminous coal was demineralized by a chemical method. The vibrations of the "aromatics" structure of graphite, crystalline or non-crystalline, were observed in the spectra at the 1600 cm -1 region. The band at 1477 cm -1 is assigned as VR band, the band at 1392 cm -1 as VL band and the band at 1540 cm -1 as GR band. Graphite structure remains after chemical leaching liberates oxygenated functional groups and mineral groups. The silicate bands between 1010 and 1100 cm -1 are active in the infrared (IR) spectrum but inactive in the Raman spectrum. Absorption arising from C-H stretching in alkenes occurs in the region of 3000 to 2840 cm -1. Raman bands because of symmetric stretch of water molecules were also observed in the spectrum at 3250 cm -1 and 3450 cm -1. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the presence of a graphite layer on the surface. Leaching of the sample with hydrofluoric acid decreases the mineral phase and increases the carbon content. The ash content is reduced by 84.5wt% with leaching from its initial value by mainly removing aluminum and silicate containing minerals. University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012. -
Chemical Reaction Effects on Nano Carreau Liquid Flow Past a Cone and a Wedge with Cattaneo-Christov Heat Flux Model
Chemical reaction aspect is utilized for heat mass transfer analysis of nano non-Newtonian liquid flow past a cone and a wedge. Flow is steady, laminar and two dimensional created due to a cone and a wedge. The Carreau liquid and Cattaneo-Christov heat flux models are utilized. The magneto-nano Carreau liquid material occupies the porous space. The relevant PDEs are rendered into coupled non-linear ODEs via appropriate transformations before treated them numerically through Runge-Kutta and Newton's method. The computed results are plotted for employing the various values of physical constraints on the profiles of velocity, temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction. Moreover, vitiation of the friction factor, Nusselt number and Sherwood number against physical parameters are presented numerically. It is figured out that convective heating and Brownian motion effects are constructive for thermal boundary layer growth. Aspect of chemical reaction is significant to control the solute layer growth and mass transfer rate. 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston. -
Chemical reaction induced Rayleigh-Benard convection in a densely packed porous medium saturated with a couple-stress fluid
The problem of Rayleigh-Benard convection in a couple-stress fluid saturated densely packed porous medium with chemical reaction is studied within the framework of linear stability analysis. Only infinitesimal disturbances are considered. The linear stability analysis is based on the normal mode technique. The Darcy law is used to model the momentum equation. Closed form solution for the basic quiescent state is first obtained. The principle of exchange of stabilities is valid and the existence of oscillatory instability is ruled out. The expression for the stationary media-Darcy-Rayleigh number is obtained as a function of the governing parameters, viz., the wave number, the couple-stress parameter and the Frank-Kamenetskii number. The Galerkin method is used to determine the eigenvalues. The effect of various parameters on the stability of the fluid layer is discussed through figures. -
Chemical Reaction-Driven Ferroconvection in a Porous Medium
The effect of chemical reaction on the outset of convection of a ferromagnetic fluid in a horizontal porous layer which is heated from below is studied using small perturbation method. Assuming an exothermic zero-order chemical reaction, the eigenvalues are found by employing the Galerkin method. The effect of magnetic parameters and Frank-Kamenetskii number is discussed. It is established that both magnetic forces and chemical reaction accelerate the threshold of ferroconvection. Further, the fluid layer is destabilized marginally when the nonlinearity of magnetization is strong enough. 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.