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Nature inspired algorithm approach for the development of an energy aware model for sensor network
The unique and strong characteristics of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) have paved a way to many real time applications. Nevertheless, the WSN has their own set of challenges likewise data redundancy, resource constraints, security, packet errors and variable-link capacity etc. Among all, management of energy resource is of high importance as the efficient energy mechanism increases the lifespan of the network. Thereby providing good Quality of Service (QoS) demanded by the application. In WSN even though the energy is required for data acquisition (sensing), processing and communication, more energy are consumed during communication where transmission and retransmission of packets are quite often. In WSN data is transmitted from source to destination where at the destination site the data are analyzed using appropriate data mining techniques to convert data into useful information, and knowledge is extracted from that information to aid the user in efficient decision making. The transmission of data can be either through a single hop or via multiple hops. In single hop, a node is just a router where as in multi hop the node acts as both data originator and router. Thus, consuming more amount of energy and in a multi hop if any of the nodes fails it leads to many large retransmissions thus making a system highly susceptible for energy consumption. Many researchers have dedicated and devoted their time, energy and resources in order to come up with better solutions to answer this problem. This chapter is one such effort to provide a better solution to reduce the energy consumption of sensors. Here, the beauty of DBSCAN clustering technique has been fully exploited in order to develop a spatiotemporal relational model of sensor nodes, followed by the selection of representative subset using measure trend strategy and finally meeting the criteria for identifying the best optimal path for transmission of data using few nature inspired algorithms like Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Bees Colony Optimization (BCO), and Simulated Annealing (SA). 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. -
A study on smart device application platform
Cloud Computing is considered to be one of the hottest research areas as it provides an approach through which the data is stored and accessed over the Internet in a virtual environment. The main idea to adapt this technology is that it shares the available resources rather than having separate local servers. This technology plays a crucial role in the healthcare sector as the healthcare industries believe that by incorporating cloud services within the healthcare sector it could provide quality services to the patients. Many industrial specialists suggest ways of converting the huge amount of data collected from the healthcare into meaning information and later sharing this valuable information to the user at the right time. The smart device is an electronic rig that is efficient to answer, sympathize and interact mutually with its users and other smart devices, one of the upcoming smart devices are smart shirts. Smart shirts allow the user to share information like Facebook or LinkedIn profile details. This paper focuses on providing wearable devices to the user in order to have monitored over his/her health. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 -
New bounds of induced acyclic graphoidal decomposition number of a graph
An induced acyclic graphoidal decomposition (IAGD) of a graph G is a collection ? of nontrivial induced paths in G such that every edge of G lies in exactly one path of ? and no two paths in ? have a common internal vertex. The minimum cardinality of an IAGD of G is called the induced acyclic graphoidal decomposition number denoted by ? ia (G). In this paper we present bounds for ? ia (G) in terms of cut vertices and simplicial vertices of G. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019. -
Sexual realism?: (Hetero)sexual excess and the birth of obscenity in malayalam literature
Introduction The 1930s and 1940s were a period when the reform-centric language of Malayalam literature came under blistering attack from a group of authors who initiated a movement called Jeevatsahithyam - meaning literature close to life. This signified a new momentum in the career of modern Malayalam literature in Keralam in the southern part of India with social realism being introduced as a mode of challenging erstwhile trends. Jeevatsahithyam heralded a novel attempt to eliminate the distance between literature and social realities. Its authors deliberately opposed the hegemony of reform language in literature - a product of the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century reform movement. According to them, the language of the reform movement which continued to dominate Malayalam literature was clearly embedded in a vicious circuit consisting of caste, class, and morality. This, as it was commonly argued, was a stumbling block in the realistic representation of social realities in the realm of literature. Jeevatsahithyam was renamed in 1944 as Purogamana Sahithya Sangham (Progressive Literature Society - from here on PLS) (Chandrasekharan 1999; Kumaramkandath 2013). Openly declaring itself against the established morals operating then, its ideological base, however, had to be justified by incorporating the term progress (purogamanam) in its title. Thus, in a larger sense, it signified progressive realism rather than simply social realism. This chapter attempts to delve inside the debates around social realism in Malayalam literature where an ideological battle was staged in the regional public sphere around the questions of, broadly put, aesthetics and morality. It maps the discursive sequences of textual practices from the 1940s to the early 1970s when the depiction of desire in literature was a point of heated debates. I concentrate more on the early debates, particularly in the 1940s and early 1950s because they literally mediated between the rising social (progressive) realisms transgressive writings and the erstwhile reform concerns of engendering disciplined subjects (Devika 2007). As a cultural era, the mid-twentieth century was deeply embedded in the old reform discourses of sexual discipline and the postcolonial euphoria of political freedom. The ensuing concerns over building the nation had a profound impact on the patterns of imagining the sexual in literature. Indian Institute of Advanced Studies, Shimla 2020. -
Inorganic Nanoparticles in Cosmetics
Inorganic nanomaterials of different chemical compositions and morphologies have been applied in cosmetic products due to their size- and shape-dependent properties which can improve the performance of the products. This chapter discusses the application of inorganic nanoparticles in cosmetic products with an emphasis on the characteristic features of nanoparticles suitable for cosmetic applications. In particular, applications of inorganic nanoparticles as UV filters and antimicrobial materials are discussed in detail with a basic overview of the fundamental scientific basis related to these applications. Types of nanoparticles used in commercial cosmetic products are enlisted, reflecting the range of applications and property modifications. Applications of inorganic nanoparticles in cosmetic formulations as active components and nanocarriers are also discussed along with relevant examples. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019. -
Connectivity between India and Sri Lanka: A model for South Asia
India-Sri Lanka bilateral ties pervade in almost all areas despite various ups and downs. In the age of globalization, connectivity is crucial in maintaining and enhancing relations. Realizing this, India and Sri Lanka have invested in connectivity in four broad areas: physical, cultural, information and communication technology (ICT), and economic. Physical connectivity presently exists through air and sea; given the proximity, land connectivity would benefit the common man on both sides. Cultural connections go back centuries and have received an institutional framework of late. ICT linkage is emerging but highly promising in terms of public-private involvement. With components of trade and investments, economic connectivity faces tough competition from extra-regional powers like China. On the way forward, challenges abound and require patience and maturity in policy making and its implementation in both countries. 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Recommendation Framework for Diet and Exercise Based on Clinical Data: A Systematic Review
Nowadays, diet and exercise recommender frameworks have gaining expanding consideration because of their importance for living healthy lifestyle. Due of the expanded utilization of the web, people obtain the applicable wellbeing data with respect to their medicinal problem and available medications. Since diseases have a strong relationship with food and exercise, it is especially essential for the patients to focus on adopting good food habits and normal exercise routine. Most existing systems on the diet concentrate on proposals that recommend legitimate food items by considering their food choices or medical issues. These frameworks provide functionalities to monitor nutritional requirement and additionally suggest the clients to change their eating conduct in an interactive way. We present a review of diet and physical activity recommendation frameworks for people suffering from specific diseases in this paper. We demonstrate the advancement made towards recommendation frameworks helping clients to find customized, complex medical facilities or make them available some preventive services measures. We recognize few challenges for diet and exercise recommendation frameworks which are required to be addressed in sensitive areas like health care. 2019, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
The Role of Corporations in Achieving Ecological Sustainability: Evaluating the Environmental Performance of Corporations
Industrial development of the past 200 years has brought immeasurable wealth and prosperity. However, it has also caused an unintended eco-logical degradation. Hence, the focus of environmental law has shifted from the creation of global frameworks to deal with environmental problems to comply with those frameworks. As a result, the primary actors in environmental law have shifted from the state and the global community to corporations. As a consequence, environmental policies must develop along legally holistic lines. The role corporations have had in achieving ecological sustainability is poorly understood. In the backdrop of the above issues, the chapter examines the implications of ecologically sustainable development for corporations. It articulates corporate ecological sustainability through the concepts of environmental management and ecologically sustainable competitive strategies. It further examines the implications that these concepts have for a corporation in the long run. 2020 by IGI Global. -
Classification of myocardial ischemia in delayed contrast enhancement using machine learning
This chapter addresses the classification of myocardial ischemia in delayed contrast enhancement using machine-learning techniques for magnetic resonance imaging which solves the social issue of a sudden cardiac death. To automate the classification of myocardial ischemia, the computer-aided design has a crucial path on the mixture ensemble of machine learning. The mixture ensemble of machine learning can partition a high-dimensional image in a simultaneous and competitive way. The detection and the segmentation processes are carried out through Fuzzy C-Means multispectral and single-channel algorithms along with a morphological filtering technique for feature extraction. Furthermore, the feed forward neural network (FFNN) technique is trained through the Levenberg-Marquardt Back Propagation algorithm for the classification of myocardial ischemia in delayed contrast enhancement. The proposed classification model performs well for the classification of myocardial ischemia. The rigorous process of the proposed result reveals that the FFNN classifier produces 99.9% accuracy on the classification of myocardial ischemia and also shows that the given classifier is considered one of the best methods in classifying medical myocardial ischemia. 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Internet of Things Security and Privacy Issues in Healthcare Industry
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an imagines unavoidable, associated, and hubs connecting independently while offering a wide range of administrations. Wide conveyance, receptiveness and moderately high handling intensity of IoT objects made them a perfect focus for digital assaults. Additionally, the same number of IoT center points is assembling and taking care of private data, they are changing into a goldmine of information for malignant on-screen characters. Subsequently, security and particularly the capacity to recognize traded off hubs, together with gathering and safeguarding confirmations of an assault or malignant exercises develop as a need in effective arrangement of IoT systems. This paper is deal with some major security problems and challenging factors of IoT. This IoT security issues on really challenging factor in current world. 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
The broad-basing process in India and muslims
Muslims are recognised as numerically the most important among religious minorities in India. Broad-Basing has covered them, but the rate of catching up with the rest is not satisfactory. There has been a faster decline in poverty rate among Muslims than among the rest. The preponderance of the informal economy into which most of the Muslim workers are caught, their lower representation in higher education and gender biases are major stumbling blocks in their progress. The lower work participation of Muslim women is a significant factor in Muslims lagging behind others in employment. Most Muslim converts in India are believed to have come from the lower social groups, particularly artisans. Rural artisans suffered deprivation both during the colonial period due to cheaper imports of manufactured goods from England, and also subsequently after independence due to the rise of modern industry. Most of the artisans were reduced to the status of agricultural labourers. Thus the destiny of Muslims in India is tied up greatly with that of the informal sector. Their Broad-Basing can be promoted with the improvement in the status of the informal sector. 2020 selection and editorial matter, M. V. Nadkarni. -
Is there a Broad-Basing process in the Indian economy?
Chapter 8 is by Malini L. Tantri and Shruthi Mohan Menon. They answer the title question, Is There a Broad-Basing Process in the Indian Economy?' with the help of three criteria: food security, poverty and unemployment. Though economic growth in terms of GDP has been significant in the last two decades, the achievements on the fronts of food security, poverty reduction and employment growth have not been equally impressive. The states which have high levels of poverty are showing a slower decline in poverty. The number of the poor is declining, though still high. Employment growth is taking place mainly in the non-farm sector, but it is in the farm sector where there is a crisis. Even within the non-farm sector, informal employment is increasing more than the formal. Thus a large portion of the workforce - in agriculture and also non-farm sector - does not have job security, paid sick leave, medical reimbursement and retirement benefits. Economic growth has not yet brought the marginalised into the mainstream of the advantaged. The authors recommend greater stress on employment generation, skill creation, a boost to education and health sectors ensuring benefits to the marginalised, and a massive push to the village economy. 2020 selection and editorial matter, M. V. Nadkarni. -
Introduction, scope and significance of fermentation technology
Fermentation technology is a field which involves the use of microorganisms and enzymes for production of compounds that have applications in the energy, material, pharmaceutical, chemical and food industries. Though fermentation processes have been used for generations as a requirement for sustainable production of materials and energy, today it has become more demanding for continuous creations and advancement of novel fermentation processes. Efforts are directed both towards the advancement of cell factories and enzymes, as well as the designing of new processes, concepts, and technologies. The global market of microbial fermentation technology was valued at approximately USD 1,573.15 million in 2017 and which is expected to generate revenue of around USD 2,244.20 million by end of 2023. However, regular supply of materials, such as nutrients, microorganisms, the complex nature of production process, and high manufacturing cost hinder the market growth. 2019 Scrivener Publishing LLC. All rights reserved. -
Artemisinin: A potent antimalarial drug
Artemisinin is known to be a potent antimalarial drug which is naturally obtained from the plant Artemisia annua L. Malaria is a global health problem with nearly 1.2 billion people at high risk. In 2001, WHO recognised artemisinin based combination therapies (ACTs), as the frontline drugs to fight against malaria and therefore, artemisinin is the most effective anti-malarial drug. It appears to be a safe drug with no adverse reactions or noticeable side effects, even for pregnant women. However, access to ACTs by malarial patients, especially in poor countries, is inadequate due to high volatility in price, unpredictable demand and low yield from A. annua. The huge gap in demand and supply has motivated researchers to explore artemisinin production in alternative systems like bacteria, yeast and tobacco. Scientists have been successful in producing this wonder molecule in heterologous hosts. Challenges associated with large-scale production and drug resistance against artemisinin has also been discussed to present a comprehensive picture of artemisnin production, application and limitations. 2019 Scrivener Publishing LLC. All rights reserved. -
Saccharomyces - eukaryotic probiotic for human applications
Probiotics are viable microorganisms which are meant to confer health benefits to host after ingestion. Any probiotic strain has a special characteristic to survive in the extremely acidic and hostile conditions of stomach and intestine. Among all the commercially available probiotic strains, prokaryotes constitute the bulk of it, with quite a few belonging to eukaryotic yeasts. Eukaryotic probiotics are very limited and currently there are only two yeast strains (Saccharomyces boulardii and Kluyveromyces sp.), which are approved for human consumption and are available commercially in market. S. boulardii has been reported to have tremendous therapeutic potential. The main mechanism of action for S. boulardii includes strong antagonistic effect against a number of enteric pathogens, trophic effects on the intestinal mucosa, neutralisation of bacterial toxins as well as modification of host cell signaling pathways involved in inflammatory and non-inflammatory intestinal disease. Pertaining to these advantages, S. boulardii have been reported to be exceptionally effective against diarrheal diseases and intestinal inflammatory conditions including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Increasing scientific reports confirming the therapeutic potential of eukaryotic probiotics and their advantages over prokaryotic probiotic strains have dramatically increased the worldwide interest in these probiotics. 2019 Scrivener Publishing LLC. -
Sumset valuations of graphs and their applications
Graph labelling is an assignment of labels to the vertices and/or edges of a graph with respect to certain restrictions and in accordance with certain predefined rules. The sumset of two non-empty sets A and B, denoted by A+B, is defined by A+B=\(a=b: a\inA, b\inB\). Let X be a non-empty subset of the set \Z and \sP(X) be its power set. An \textit of a given graph G is an injective set-valued function f: V(G)\to\sP_0(X), which induces a function f+: E(G)\to\sP_0(X) defined by f+(uv)=f(u)+f(v), where f(u)+f(v) is the sumset of the set-labels of the vertices u and v. This chapter discusses different types of sumset labeling of graphs and their structural characterizations. The properties and characterizations of certain hypergraphs and signed graphs, which are induced by the sumset-labeling of given graphs, are also done in this chapter. 2020, IGI Global. -
Cyber secure man-in-the- middle attack intrusion detection using machine learning algorithms
The main objective of this chapter is to enhance security system in network communication by using machine learning algorithm. Cyber security network attack issues and possible machine learning solutions are also elaborated. The basic network communication component and working principle are also addressed. Cyber security and data analytics are two major pillars in modern technology. Data attackers try to attack network data in the name of man-in-the-middle attack. Machine learning algorithm is providing numerous solutions for this cyber-attack. Application of machine learning algorithm is also discussed in this chapter. The proposed method is to solve man-in-the-middle attack problem by using reinforcement machine learning algorithm. The reinforcement learning is to create virtual agent that should predict cyber-attack based on previous history. This proposed solution is to avoid future cyber middle man attack in network transmission. 2020, IGI Global. -
Probiotics as an alternative food therapy: A review on the influence of microbial nutraceuticals in disease management
Antibiotics have been responsible for the evolution of multidrug-resistant microbes. The side-effects of existing drugs and increased treatment costs have led to nutraceuticals gaining popularity. Nutraceuticals have therapeutic applications due to the ability of the probiotics to be viable in encapsulated pills and drinks. Due to their ability to exclude carcinogenic microorganisms by limiting the nutrients available and by competing for receptors nutraceuticals are useful against cancers. Nutraceuticals are useful against diabetes by controlling the genes involved in the insulin-signaling pathway. The future perspective for nutraceuticals includes an increase in production, reduction in manufacturing cost, and enhanced benefits. 2020 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Internet of Things Based Autonomous Borewell Management System
Water is a basic need for all living beings. At present, due to a large population, water level is getting depleted at an alarming rate particularly in urban region. During summer season, there is no continuous flow of water or availability of water. In electrical contingency situations, bore-wells are prone to damages. The utilization of power at dry run condition affects the economy of the consumers. Despite having no water in the bore-well, if the motor runs, the motor windings may burdened and gives rise to unnecessary power loss. In the present scenario, conservation of energy is a major concern. The conservation of energy as a whole will take place when an individual take an active part by using autonomous and effective methodologies or controllers. The issue is solved by managing the borewell using Internet of Things (IoT) as a platform to automate and manage. The IoT based borewell management system is designed to provision scheduling, manual operation, avoidance of borewell motor running at dry run condition and also nullifies energy loss. The automated borewell operations can be executed from a remote control and measurement unit by the measurement of electrical parameters and analytics. The proposed system minimizes man power, saves time and conserve energy loss. The paper presents operating the conventional borewell by deployment of smart controller which handles the information and communication technology at client and base units. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020. -
Development of Internet of Things Platform and Its Application in Remote Monitoring and Control of Transformer Operation
Internet of Things platforms deployed on the system will exhibit numerous benefits such as real time monitoring, faster operation and cost effectiveness. A system oriented IoT platform is developed which features database connotation, web services, setup portal, cloud hosting, drivers or listener for programming languages and hardware devices. The functional parameters of transformer in electrical power system vary around the limit and beyond, which is observed by the IoT platform for remote analysis and to report deformation in the winding. The frequency response measurement from the transformer terminal unit is send to cloud database which is then fetched to remote application through IoT client. At remote monitoring tool, the diagnostic algorithm is executed to estimate the location and extent of deformation. IoT based frequency response analyzer and transformer diagnostic tools developed reports the status of the transformer health condition. Depending upon the extent of deformation, the transformer is isolated from power system. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.