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Security Threats and Privacy Issues in Cloud Data
The quick advancement of Web-based applications has led to a huge amount of information being scanned and gathered for business examination or scholarly research purposes, which may disregard individual protection. Organizations, industries and individuals data are at stake. In this paper, utilizing on the Web Personal Health Record (PHR) as contextual analysis, first demonstrate the need of inquiry ability approval that lessens the security introduction coming about because of the list items, and build up a versatile structure for authorized private keyword Search (APKS) over encoded cloud information. This particular model proposes two novel answers for APKS given on-going cryptographic crude, hierarchical predicate encryption (HPE). Our answers empower efficient multi-dimensional watchword looks with a run question, permit assignment and renouncement of hunt abilities. Additionally, the proposed system improves the question protection which conceals clients inquiry watchwords against the server. Actualize our plan on an advanced workstation, and exploratory outcomes exhibit its appropriateness for reasonable use. Privacy has seen advancement lately as information mining of the datasets in a dispersed huge information condition has turned into a successful worldwide business which is none other than data management or data analytics which ensures the security of data. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Estimation of secured wireless sensor networks and its significant observation for improving energy efficiency using cross- learning algorithms
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have as of late been created as a stage for various significant observation and control applications. WSNs are continuously utilized in different applications, for example, therapeutic, military, and mechanical segments. Since the WSN is helpless against assaults, refined security administrations are required for verifying the information correspondence between hubs. Because of the asset limitations, the symmetric key foundation is considered as the ideal worldview for verifying the key trade in WSN. The sensor hubs in the WSN course gathered data to the base station. Despite the fact that the specially appointed system is adaptable with the variable foundation, they are exposed to different security dangers. Grouping is a successful way to deal with vitality productivity in the system. In bunching, information accumulation is utilized to diminish the measure of information that streams in the system. 2021 by IGI Global. -
An Extensive Time Series Analysis of Covid-19 Data Sets on the Indian States
Pandemic influenza coronavirus is causing a great loss to mankind. It is creating a chaos on the global economy. Fight against this unseen enemy is affecting all the sectors of the global economy. Mankind is quivering with fear and scared to do something. This study gives a detailed presentation of the current position of virus escalation in India. Sentiment analytics from Twitter data is evaluated on sentiment, emotions and fear opinions are analyzed in the study. The analysis is on red, orange and green zones in several states of India and also gave a comprehensive interpretation on various phases of lockdown. Confirmed, active, recovered and deceased cases in all states are modeled to predict the increase of number of cases. Textual, geographical and graphical analytics are extensively described in the research study. Time series analysis is broadly elaborated as a case study till July 22, 2020, forecasting the impact of virus on Maharashtra, Kerala, Gujarat, Delhi and Tamil Nadu. This study will favor the administrative system to control the disease spread across the nation. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
AI in e-learning
This current research chapter focuses on the different areas of e-learning where AI can be implemented to make e-learning a better experience. E-learning is a 24/7 platform where learners can gain knowledge at the convenience of their home and timeframe. AI can help such learners with different adaptive technologies in clarifying the doubt, identifying the problem area of the learner and providing them a customized learning solution. Adaptive learning suggested that the learning pace is different for different learners. It must be made sure that the educational supplies and amenities provided must fit the requirement of each learner; else, it will lose its essence. There are different AI features to enhance the learning experience of e-learning. The providers must keep this in mind that the acquired information about learners must be wisely used while implementing the AI technology to e-learning mode so that the blended model can provide an enriching experience to the end-user. Cognitive learning can be a key to constructive, collaborative and contextualized execution of AI-enabled learning processes. Maximization of AI effectiveness as a tool of e-learning can be brought only when it is implemented to overall program pedagogy and is monitored for continuous improvement. The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2021. -
DNA-based authentication to access internet of things-based healthcare data
Data security and privacy are always considered as critical aspects, especially in healthcare. The advent of technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) has encouraged a great deal of attention in this digital era and helped to improve e-health services. IoT-based services in healthcare and their applications have led to potential growth of quality services in healthcare. However, the sensitive nature of healthcare data and IoT devices which store and collect real-time data makes it even more vulnerable to various attacks. With the development of digitalized data and IoT-based e-health systems, authentication mechanisms are essential to ensure both usability and security. Considering these aspects, a novel, secure user authentication scheme is proposed that uses user ID, unique ID (AADHAAR), password, DNA steganography, and hash function. An One Time Password method is also proposed to strengthen the device authentication. The Scyther tool is used for security analysis and to validate the claims. 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things readiness: Inclination for hotels to support a sustainable environment
The idea of Smart Cities has been one of the key driving factors for the urban transformation to a low carbon climate, sustainable economy and mobility in recent years because of the alarming situation of global warming. One of the industries with swift growth is hotel sector and hence is one of the key contributors to carbon emission and leaves environment footprints. The new emerging concept of sustainable tourism is envisaged as an important part of the Smart Cities paradigm. Improving sustainability by saving energy is becoming a primary task toady for many hotels. A great opportunity is provided by Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) to assimilate different systems on a platform by encouraging and assisting hotel guests to operate through single device and optimizing hotel operations. Current research focuses to identify the strategic positions of a hotel in terms of sustainability, AI and IoT technology. Components that will be considered by Hotels for the strategic intention of adopting AI and IoT for environmental sustainability. Different development and modification needed to be taken if management wants high sustainability readiness and/or IoT readiness. This conceptual paper constructs on the comprehensive study and systematic review of different area where the hotels can feasibly implement AI and IoT for improving sustainably. 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
The Learning Organization for attaining inclusive growth: A new paradigm for the emerging educational market
This chapter aims to apply the concept of the learning organization for the higher educational institutions (HEIs) for attaining inclusive growth. For the theoretical underpinning, the concept of the professional learning community has been considered because there exists only a very thin difference with the learning organization concept. The researchers used a qualitative approach to analyze the literature resources to find the most promising variables associated with the learning organization and used Dedoose (qualitative software) to select the variables. It is found that variables such as knowledge management, inspired learning, team learning, and transcending organizational boundaries are the most important variables associated with a learning organization. The corporates which have implemented LO have been very successful and one of them is Royal Dutch Shell. The Indian Higher Educational Institutions are the backbone of the Indian economy. However, there is no yardstick to measure success. LO can be implemented to check the growth. This research work will serve as a base for motivating future researchers to make use of the LO concept for drafting educational policy for inclusive growth. If all HEIs are learning organizations, India will soon be a highly rich country. Indian HEI has not practised the concept of learning organization. Henceforth, the suggestions and recommendations will be a new yardstick, which can be used to measure the present status and to frame strategies to improvise and scale success. 2022 selection and editorial matter, Sudhir Rana and Avinash K Shrivastava. -
Fruit Waste as Sustainable Resources for Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production
Production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) using commercially available carbon sources like glucose or sucrose makes the bioprocess economically nonviable, thereby hindering its commercialization. As an alternative to this issue, inexpensive and easily available agro-industrial wastes are now being exploited as feedstock for PHA production. Fruit wastes are generally discarded as they are considered to be the non-product leftovers which do not have any economic value when compared with the cost of their collection and recovery steps for reuse. But through the use of appropriate technological applications, these wastes can be converted to valuable by-products, which can increase the value of the products much higher than the cost associated with recovery steps. By recycling and reprocessing the fruit wastes, they can be channeled into many applications, and thereby the amount of fruit wastes discharged into the environment can be completely reduced along with their detrimental effects. Large amounts of fruit wastes are produced by fruit-based industries. The waste products can be both solids and liquids, and these wastes are of high nutritional and biomass values for microorganism; thus their addition to waterbodies can make them highly polluted (high BOD or COD). These fruit-based wastes still have a promising potential for bioconversion into products of commercial importance or can be successfully exploited as cheap raw materials for industrial production of commercially important metabolites. This chapter deals with the strategies for production of PHA from fruit waste substrates, extraction and characterization of PHA, and their applications in diverse sectors. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021. -
Exosomes as an emerging nanoplatform for functional therapeutics
The release of a division of extracellular entities with 40-100 nm dimension from both tumor and varied mesenchymal stem cells during pathologic conditions is termed as exosomes that are shown to actively participate in chemical signaling events occurring in multicellular organisms infection. Exosomes act as a vehicle for shifting amino acids, lipids, and genetic components that are readily engulfed by far-flanging cells (or adjacent cells) at the site of release for remolding the receptor cell functions once the biological contents get activated. Furthermore, pathogens too display the dispense of exosomes to temper the hosts immune response and trigger the infection rate, making them apt investigation markers for diseases. Additionally, aiding in antigen presentation and immune response stimulation, exosomes are significant in showing contrasting role as initiating anticarcinogenic responses and involving in promoting tumorigenesis as they are released from tumor cells. Due to their site specificity, cell lineage property, and encapsulation of specific constituents, exosomes can be potentially utilized as a precious investigatory and prognostic tool along with a possible carrier of drugs and gene shipment for curative goal. Since exosome groundwork is at the infancy stage, deeper insight is required to know its composition, formation, and targeting mechanism along with its significant role in disease diagnosis and treatment. This states, as mentioned previously, we have tried to focus solely on the functional and clinical implications of exosomes in-depth in this review. 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. -
MoS2, a new perspective beyond graphene
Owing to the fascinating structural, optical, electrical, chemical properties, graphene has created new paradigm in the field of nanoscience and the common crystalline structures that can be exfoliated include the layered van der Waals (vdW) solids such as boron nitride, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), black phosphorus, and the layered ionic solids. Here, we bring forth the state-of-art-of materials dominated by their two-dimensional (2D) geometry beyond graphene. Being one of the most well-studied families of vdW layered materials, molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) belonging to TMDC family has gained considerable research interest. The present work is focused on attempts to optimize and characterize this material with unique properties for a host of applications. The work resolves the hydrothermal growth of hexagonal MoS2 nanoflakes with attracting optical and magnetic properties providing strong evidence for the spin orbit split valence bands of these nanostructures. The enhanced electrocatalytic activity, excitation wavelength dependent down-conversion and up-conversion photoluminescence, growth of structural polymorphs using simple hydrothermal method, and the efficient anticancer properties of MoS2 nanostructures providing greater insight into energy and biomedical applications are also discussed. The improved catalytic activity of MoS2-based nanostructures reveals the increasing number of accessible active sites, formation of large surface area and is greatly beneficial for accomplishing a clean, environmental-friendly, inexpensive hydrogen mission for energy storage and conversion applications. The synergistic effect of the MoS2 nanocomposites was able to impede angiogenesis, tumor growth, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition, elucidating the anticancer efficacy. Understanding and exploiting such unique properties of these 2D materials paves new horizons toward novel technological advances in electronic and medical field. 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Experimental investigation of tribocorrosion
This chapter discusses various techniques available for evaluation of tribocorrosion behavior of industrial components, their applications, and limitations. Numerous influential factors of tribocorrosion, their mechanisms, and their characteristics have been discussed at length. Further, a case study of tribocorrosion behavior of aluminum-based in situ metal matrix composites have been deliberated comprehensively. 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Digital Transformation in Higher Education: Impact of Instructor Training on Class Effectiveness During COVID-19
Digital technology is transforming society and business like never before. Digital technology has made inroads into all sections of society, especially with the pandemic restricting interaction and movement in the physical space. Education systems and institutions have witnessed a drastic change in their pedagogy. Education institutions adopting digital technologies can become drivers of growth and development for their ecosystems bringing significant changes in education, engagement, and management of class activities of educational institutions. The education system will have to adapt and evolve to take advantage of the new technologies and tools and develop strategies to play an active role in the digital transformation process. In the wake of the COVID-19 situation, higher education institutions have adopted digital platforms for teaching and learning. The study attempts to understand the instructors/academician/teachers training process adopted by selected higher education institutions in India to facilitate migration to digital platforms. Further, the study analyses the challenges faced in the new normal of education and the levels of training process initiated by institutions for teaching faculty. The authors have tried to analyse how this has enabled instructors to meet the challenges of conducting online classes and increase class effectiveness. The study unfolded the impact of high-level institutional training on class effectiveness and how individual digital preparedness is essential in engaging virtual classrooms. Further, the positive impact of training in reducing anxiety in engaging online sessions and the extent of motivation to continue online teaching as it has become inevitable with the second wave of the pandemic were examined across age and gender. An attempt is made to suggest few strategies for continued effective online class engagement as India battles through the second wave of the pandemic. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Digital Financial Inclusion: Strategic Issues and Imperatives
The present paper provides insights on digital financial inclusion. Digital financial inclusion means making financial services accessible through technology intervention, i.e. via internet, mobile network, cards, digital wallets, etc. The objective of digital financial inclusion is to bring underserved and financially excluded population under the formal banking network. As per Global Findex, Financial Inclusion (adults holding bank accounts) in India has increased from 35% in 2011 to 80% in 2017. Indeed, there has been a speedy improvement in the financial inclusion index, wherein the role of Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PJDY) launched by the Government of India in 2014 has been phenomenal. Later, in the year 2016 demonetization further accelerated the process. Despite, all these concentrated efforts and policies a large section of the population still remains unbanked. With the rise in internet and smartphone users, there will be a significant increase in digital transactions in the coming years. To achieve full financial inclusion and to make the desired benefits reach unserved population there is a need to increase financial and digital literacy among masses. The paper starts with a discussion on Evolution of Digital Financial Inclusion (DFI) in India, followed by the benefits of DFI and challenges specific to India. It ends with some suggestions which can increase the pace of DFI in the country. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021. -
Social, Medical, and Educational Applications of IoT to Assist Visually Impaired People
General daily tasks have always been a problem for visually impaired people. Identification of daily objects becomes a hectic task. Traditional methods such as a walking stick and a guide dog have been helpful to the visually impaired for basic navigation. Such, methods have a lot of limitations and often fail under varied situations. Technologies such as Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Image Processing (IP) Internet of Things (IoT), etc. have made a major contribution to overcoming the limitations. IoT brings a lot of technical and automated solutions to assist the visually impaired people. Data science and analytics are a major part of the process. Data accumulated via various sensors can be processed and used to identify obstacles and enhance basic navigation using haptic and voice feedback. Raw data goes through a series of analysis and refinement. This is then processed into a form which is understandable to the system and can be directly interpreted to perform various components of an application. These applications involve education, navigation, entertainment, security, consumer, etc. These applications are across various verticals of technologies differing in terms of hardware, software, and protocols. Various economically feasible and accurate solutions are now available. While, optimization remains an issue. These devices have generally been very helpful to ease the lives of visually impaired people. The main aim of this article is to provide essential details related to real-world applications of IoT in the field of education, healthcare, entertainment, security, navigation, and solutions to address the daily challenges faced by visually impaired people. The structure of the article includes introduction to IoT, applications of IoT in modern era is dealt in detail in Sect.10.1. Followed by hardware device and communication technologies in Sect.10.2. Section10.3 deals with state of art which focus majorly on research contributions related to applications of IoT and smart devices benefiting the lives of visually impaired. Section10.4 incorporates the future scope and concludes with a summary in Sect.10.5. The article covers more than 30 research contributions in the pastten years which includes journal papers, conference papers and patents which provide a detailed and clear view on the research being carried out in the field of IoT to help the visually impaired. 2021, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Family Caregiving in Dementia in India: Challenges and Emerging Issues
This chapter would provide an overview of the caregiving scenario in India with a focus on families as the mainstay of support and care for people with dementia. The various aspects of caregiving in dementia would be discussed in the light of the Indian sociocultural context. The impact of caregiving and challenges faced by the family and informal caregivers would be described in the light of the changing demographics and urbanization in India. The need for different kinds of caregiver education and training programmes tailored to the domiciliary and socioeconomic status of the family would be discussed. The resources available for family caregivers, like existing programmes for psychoeducation, family self-care, online and other resources for support would be described. We would discuss the challenges faced in developing culturally appropriate interventions for India that can be delivered within existing resources, such as supporting families in their role as caregivers and providing training and support for them. The chapter would discuss the emerging issues in the models of care for low- and middle-income countries like India, where the care is primarily home-based. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021. -
Creating a positive school culture through new educational practices
There is an increase in rates of depression and anxiety globally. Schools have moved from a traditional approach of learning and teaching to contemporary forms which includes technology. New revolution has taken place in the world of schooling, with the entry of positive education. Positive education is the application of principles in positive psychology to schooling to enhance the well-being of students and schools. The objective of this review-based chapter is to bring to light the use of various strategies of positive education in classrooms, for middle school students, in order to create a positive learning environment. An evidence-based learning approach is used in this chapter. This chapter address issues and concerns regarding the challenges in applying the strategies of positive education. The main aim of creating a positive school culture in middle school is to enhance the happiness and well-being of students The chapter brings out the need for positive education in the current generation and discusses the implications of the further scope of positive education in India. 2021, IGI Global. -
Terrorism And Regional Cooperation: What is SAARC up to?
South Asia has the distinction of being one of the most affected regions by terrorism and political violence. It is also one of the least integrated regions in the world. Terrorist threats have been diverse, characterised by religious fundamentalism, separatism, left-wing extremism and transnationalism. Interestingly, the countries of the region, under the umbrella of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), possess various regional arrangements to counter terrorism. Yet, the problem of terrorism continues unabated in the region. The principal question is, despite the existence of numerous arrangements, what factors hinder counter-terrorism cooperation among the countries at the regional level?. 2022 selection and editorial matter, Adluri Subramanyam Raju. -
A Spatio-temporal Model for the Analysis and Classification of Soil Using the IoT
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an evolving trend in the field of computer applications where various hardware and software are connected together to address a specific problem. With the help of the IoT, the world has become smart and enabled itself to connect various objects (e.g., cars, computers, mobile phones, and smart appliances) with distinctive Internet protocol addresses, which allows them to interact with one another, thus accomplishing various procedures. Applications of the IoT include but are not restricted to smart cities, healthcare, industry, and robotics. Amongst a huge list of applications furnished by the IoT, agricultural IoT is the theme of this chapter. The IoT in agriculture transforms entities such as crops, soils, and livestock in a smart way by utilizing underlying technologies such as embedded systems, pervasive computing, sensor networks, ubiquitous computing, ad hoc networks, various wireless communication technologies, Internet protocols and other advanced technologies. The research here focuses on the most important agriculture entity soil. It is the soil that determines the yield of a crop. The more fertile the soil, more qualitative is the yield. The main idea behind the research is to identify the soil most suitable for agriculture. Using a spatio-temporal model, the soil samples collected from various parts of the country are classified into agricultural soil and non-agricultural soil. This classification is done by the aid of features such as the pH of the soil, and its humidity, moisture, and temperature collected from IoT sensors. The chapter begins with an introduction to the usage of IoT technology in different areas of agriculture followed by an account of the proposed state-of-the-art model, and its results, analysis, and a conclusion. 2022 selection and editorial matter, Vikram Bali, Vishal Bhatnagar, Deepti Aggarwal, Shivani Bali, and Mario JosDiv; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Active Learning from an Imbalanced Dataset: A Study Conducted on the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Dataset
The proposed chapter deals with psychological data related to depression, anxiety, and stress to study how the classification and analysis is carried out on imbalanced data. The proposed study not only contributes on providing practical information about the balancing techniques such as synthetic minority oversampling technique but also reveals the strategy for dealing with the working of many existing classification algorithms such as the support vector machine, random forest, XGBoost, etc. on the imbalanced dataset. The present use of evaluation metrics that are solely implied for the imbalanced data classification is also illustrated. It was observed that the ordinary model assessment techniques do not precisely quantify model execution when gone up against imbalanced datasets and that the common techniques such as the logistic regression and decision tree have a predisposition toward classes that have many observations. The attributes of the minority class are treated low and are routinely overlooked. Henceforth, there is a high likelihood of misclassification of the minority class when compared to the majority class. A confusion matrix which contains data about the real and predicted class is used as an assessment standard to check the exhibition of grouping calculation. Rather than going for accuracy, F-score and the area under the curve are considered as the measures to evaluate the classification model. 2022 selection and editorial matter, Vishal Jain, Sapna Juneja, Abhinav Juneja, and Ramani Kannan. -
Gut-Skin Axis: Role in Health and Disease
The human microbiome includes microorganisms and their cumulative genetic details that reside in the human body. Skin, the bodys most external organ and exposed to the external environment, is an ecosystem with 1.8 m2 area. It has a varying epidermal thickness, folds, and appendages in different areas including along with varying moisture and temperature level on the skin surface. Microbial colonization on the skin surface starts from the time of birth. The mode of delivery affects the colonization process to a considerable extent. The group of microbes colonizing the skin surface is determined by physical and chemical features of it, which applies to microbes inhabiting the gut and other ecological niches in the body as well. There is several common important characteristics shared commonly by gut and skin, where both are (1) heavily vascularized, (2) richly perfused, (3) densely innervated, (4) integrated to the immune system, (5) highly associated with the endocrine system, (6) extensively colonized with recognizable microbiota, and (7) both helps our body to communicate with its external environment. It has variously been reported that a close and bidirectional association within the gut and skin in maintaining the homeostasis and allostasis of skin and also gastrointestinal (GI) health. Therefore, numerous intestinal pathologies have been linked to skin comorbidities. It has been found that skin is directly impacted by the various circumstances that principally affect the intestine. Similarly, various gastrointestinal disorders could be linked to distinct dermatological entities. In the same context, a growing body of proof proposes an association of intestinal dysbiosis with many regular inflammatory skin pathologies including atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis, rosacea, and acne vulgaris. And the realization of this interconnected association between skin and gut has resulted in a new concept of the Gut-Skin Axis. An intimate bidirectional engagement between the gut and the skin has been well established by growing research evidence in this domain. Recent reports have indicated that the administration of specific Lactobacilli strains to mice can significantly alter the overall skin phenotype. Despite increasing research efforts in this domain, a systematic investigation of the Gut-Skin Axis remains ill explored by both gastroenterology as well as dermatology researchers. And in this context, here we are discussing various aspects of the Gut-Skin Axis and its role in the general well-being of individuals. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.