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Prognosis of Kidney Disease on Ultrasound Images Using Machine Learning
Kidney diseases can affect the ability to clean the blood, filter extra water out of your blood. The kidneys failure will affect the control over blood pressure and sugar level. It can also affect red blood cell production and vitamin D metabolism which is very important for bone health. When your kidneys are damaged, waste products and fluid can build up in the body. This is harmful to the health. This damages the kidney function, can get worse over time, and when the kidneys stop working completely, this is called kidney failure or end-stage renal disease. Not all patients with kidney disease progress to kidney failure. This disease has emerged as one of the most prominent reasons of death and suffering in this century. Recent studies states that, kidney disease affects most of the population and over two million people require kidney replacement. To help prevent Chronic Kidney Diseases and lower the risk for kidney failure, control risk factors for CKD, get tested yearly, make lifestyle changes, take medicine as needed. The detection of kidney abnormalities at their early stages helps to avoid the impairment of newlinekidney. The US imaging is considered as preliminary diagnostic tool in finding various kidney diseases in the clinical imaging field. This is one of the commonly used imaging modalities due to the inexpensiveness and non-ionization nature. The presence of noise in US images, degrade newlinethe quality and clarity of the images. Also, the heterogeneous structure of kidney, makes it very difficult to detect and measure the size of stones and cysts. Hence, an automatic kidney disease detection system is highly in demand. The proposed model can assist the radiologist in accurate abnormality detection. The proposed model includes different phases such as, pre-processing, features extraction, classification and newlinesegmentation. The pre-processing phase include cropping and noise removal. Further, the GLCM and intensity-based features are extracted for the classification of abnormal kidney images. -
Prognosis of kidney disease on ultrasound images using machine learning
Kidney diseases can affect the ability to clean the blood, filter extra water out of your blood. The kidneys failure will affect the control over blood pressure and sugar level. It can also affect red blood cell production and vitamin D metabolism which is very important for bone health. When your kidneys are damaged, waste products and fluid can build up in the body. This is harmful to the health. This damages the kidney function, can get worse over time, and when the kidneys stop working completely, this is called kidney failure or end-stage renal disease. Not all patients with kidney disease progress to kidney failure. This disease has emerged as one of the most prominent reasons of death and suffering in this century. Recent studies states that, kidney disease affects most of the population and over two million people require kidney replacement. To help prevent Chronic Kidney Diseases and lower the risk for kidney failure, control risk factors for CKD, get tested yearly, make lifestyle changes, take medicine as needed. The detection of kidney abnormalities at their early stages helps to avoid the impairment of newlinekidney. The US imaging is considered as preliminary diagnostic tool in finding various kidney diseases in the clinical imaging field. This is one of the commonly used imaging modalities due to the inexpensiveness and non-ionization nature. The presence of noise in US images, degrade newlinethe quality and clarity of the images. Also, the heterogeneous structure of kidney, makes it very difficult to detect and measure the size of stones and cysts. Hence, an automatic kidney disease detection system is highly in demand. The proposed model can assist the radiologist in accurate abnormality detection. The proposed model includes different phases such as, pre-processing, features extraction, classification and newlinesegmentation. The pre-processing phase include cropping and noise removal. Further, the GLCM and intensity-based features are extracted for the classification of abnormal kidney images.
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Prognosis of Diabetes Mellitus Paradigm Predictive Techniques
Human life is in the era of data, when almost everything is straped on to data wellspring more- over entire esse are digitises telerecorded. That is data is generated every milli second through several means like Agriculture, Bioinformatics, Web, Cybersecurity, Smart city data, classified in- formation, pda data, flexibility evidence, medical facts, Covid related data from official state too central government portals and a number of other sources are available in todays technological con- text. There are various forms of data like structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data, text, graphics are all feasible. Every day, week, month new genre natural-world features to be resolved, machine learning adroitness have emerged as problem resolver. As a result, data management tools and analytical methodologies capable of extricate penetrated realization related specifics felicitous methodical manner ceaselessly whereby world of nature enactment rely urgently needed. The vast majority of research is focused on machine learning prediction algorithms; thus, we focus on these. Our evaluation aims to provide newbies to the field, as well as more seasoned readers, with a thorough understanding of the primary approaches and algorithms developed over the previous two decades, with an emphasis on the most notable and continuing work. We also present a new taxonomy of state of the art Model, which highlights the many conceptual and technical approaches to training with labeled and unlabeled data. Finally, we show how the fundamental assumptions underlying most machine learning methods are linked to the well-known assumptions. Grenze Scientific Society, 2023. -
Profit function Optimization for Growing Items Industry
The economy of a country depends on many industries; growing item industries are one of them. Growing items also exhibit mortality in the growth period, which creates a complex environment for the procurement decision. A practical inventory model is required to overcome this situation, which provides the optimum solution. This work describes an economics ordering quantity model for growing items with constant demand and mortality. We also take into consideration that one of the real-life management practices for businesses is the allowance of a delay in payment. There is a solution procedure with a numerical example. We have discussed analytical results to verify the concavity of the profit function. Sensitivity analysis provides us with some very useful information. . 2023 IEEE. -
Profiles of Victimized Outpatients with Severe Mental Illness in India
Persons with severe mental illness (PwSMI) are at risk of being victimized due to persistent cognitive, emotional, and behavioral symptoms, which can become potential threats for effective reintegration into the community. A total of 217 PwSMI, receiving outpatient psychiatric treatment from a tertiary hospital, were screened for abuse, and if they were identified as abuse, then information about contextual factors contributing to abuse, sociodemographic, family, and clinical and legal profiles was created. Overall, 150 PwSMI were victimized, of which 56% were females, 50.7% were married, 20.7% were educated up to middle school, and 31.4% were homemaker. The most common form of diagnosis was schizophrenia (43.3%), with a mean duration of illness of 14 years. All the victimized PwSMI were subjected to emotional abuse. PwSMI were more likely to be victimized by multiple family members due to poor knowledge and understanding about illness (24%). The majority of the PwSMI had disclosed abuse (62.7%) to nonformal sources (33.3%) with no documentation in the clinical file (82.7%). PwSMI experience ongoing abuse and are more likely to be re-victimized, which increases the need for regular screening and culturally sensitive and comprehensive community-coordinated care and support. 2023 Indian Journal of Community Medicine. -
Proficient technique for satellite image enhancement using hybrid transformation with FPGA
Visual quality of images is improved by digital techniques for the improvement of photographs. The main purpose of image improvements is to process an image to make the output more desirable for a particular use than the original image. This paper proposes a new approach, which improves the picture of the satellite by the use of the SVD DWT concept, the Gaussian transformation DWT and multiwavelet transformation. This suggested approach would convert and approximate the single-colour value matrix of the low-flowing sub-band into one low-frequency and 15 high-frequency sub-bands, and then recreate the improved picture using the inverse transformation. In terms of technical criteria as PSNR, RMSE and CC, this approach can have higher quality and quantitative performance. This paper introduces strategies for improving hardware images using a programmable door array in real-time (FPGA). The suggested algorithm is implemented successfully with Xilinx ISE, MATLAB and ModelSim on different scale satellite images in Verilog HDL. In this article, these algorithms should be simulated and implemented using Verilog HDL. The Spartan-3E from Xilinx is the unit chosen here. 2021 IEEE -
Proficient randomized response model based on blank card strategy to estimate the sensitive parameter under negative binomial distribution
This paper has great potential for estimating population proportion who possess stigmatized character by using Negative binomial distribution as a randomization device. The properties of the proposed estimation procedure have been examined. Measure of privacy protection for the proposed randomization device has been also quantified. Empirical studies are performed to support the theoretical results, which show the dominance of the proposed estimator over its competitors. Results are analysed and suitable recommendations are put forward for survey practitioners whenever they deal with sensitive characteristics. 2021 -
Professional quality of life of nurses with 6-8 years of work experience
The current research investigation was undertaken to understand the relationship of professional quality of life of nurses with self-efficacy, empathy and aggression. Professional quality of life is the quality one feels in relation to their work as a helper (Stamm 2010). It includes the positive component of compassion satisfaction and two negative components of burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Nursing professionals with 6-8 years of work experience and employed in Punjab, India were taken for the purpose of the study. Fantasy seeking was found to be a positive predictor of compassion satisfaction explaining 4% of variance. Self-efficacy and empathic concern were found to be negative predictors while verbal aggression was found to be a positive predictor of burnout. Together the three predictors accounted for 17% of variance in burnout. Personal distress was a positive predictor of secondary traumatic stress explaining 8% of variance. Implications are discussed with in light of professional quality of life of nurses who hold a considerable amount of work experience in the nursing profession. 2021 Ecological Society of India. All rights reserved. -
Professional Ethics of Teachers in Educational Institutions
Artha Journal of Social Sciences, Vol-11 (4), pp. 24-32. ISSN-0975-329X -
Professional chat application based on natural language processing
There has been an emerging trend of a vast number of chat applications which are present in the recent years to help people to connect with each other across different mediums, like Hike, WhatsApp, Telegram, etc. The proposed network-based android chat application used for chatting purpose with remote clients or users connected to the internet, and it will not let the user send inappropriate messages. This paper proposes the mechanism of creating professional chat application that will not permit the user to send inappropriate or improper messages to the participants by incorporating base level implementation of natural language processing (NLP). Before sending the messages to the user, the typed message evaluated to find any inappropriate terms in the message that may include vulgar words, etc., using natural language processing. The user can build an own dictionary which contains vulgar or irrelevant terms. After pre-processing steps of removal of punctuations, numbers, conversion of text to lower case and NLP concepts of removing stop words, stemming, tokenization, named entity recognition and parts of speech tagging, it gives keywords from the user typed message. These derived keywords compared with the terms in the dictionary to analyze the sentiment of the message. If the context of the message is negative, then the user not permitted to send the message. 2018 IEEE. -
Production, Delivery, and Regulatory Aspects for Application of Plant-Based Anti-microbial Peptides: a Comprehensive Review
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small, positively charged biomolecules produced by various organisms such as animals, microbes, and plants. These AMPs play a significant role in defense mechanisms and protect from adverse conditions. The emerging problem of drug resistance in microbes poses a global health challenge in treating diseases. This plant-based antimicrobial peptide is a promising candidate for fighting against drug-resistant microbes. The PAMPs process specific key properties, proving their efficacy as antimicrobial agents against a broad spectrum of microbes such as Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungi. Extensive research on PAMPs has explored their potential as plant growth regulators and therapeutic agents. Their diverse mode of action on microbes encouraged their application in food industries. ThePAMPs are isolated and purified from various plant species organs such as roots, shoots, leaves, flowers, and seeds. These are bioactive molecules with significant stability, and low toxicity has encouraged their application as food additives. Furthermore, to meet the consumer demand, mass production of AMPs was possible with recombinant DNA technology. The advanced and nanotechnology-based delivery system has significantly improved the efficacy and bioavailability of PAMPs as food preservatives for improved shelf-life and prevent spoilage of food products. ThePAMPs are of green origin and can be used as natural bio preservatives that do not alter the sensory properties of food and are harmless to consumers. Plants being the rich resource of AMPs to support their quick identification, and retrieval for commercial applications there is a need to integrate the omics approach with databases. TheAMPs are small, positively charged biomolecules produced by various organisms such as animals, microbes, and plants. These AMPs play a significant role in defense mechanisms and protect from adverse conditions. The emerging problem of drug resistance in microbes poses a global health challenge in treating diseases. This plant-based antimicrobial peptide is a promising candidate for fighting against drug-resistant microbes. The PAMPs process specific key properties, proving their efficacy as antimicrobial agents against a broad spectrum of microbes such as Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungi. Extensive research on PAMPs has explored their potential as plant growth regulators and therapeutic agents. Their diverse mode of action on microbes encouraged their application in food industries. ThePAMPs are isolated and purified from various plant species organs such as roots, shoots, leaves, flowers, and seeds. These are bioactive molecules with significant stability, and low toxicity has encouraged their application as food additives. Furthermore, to meet the consumer demand, mass production of AMPs was possible with recombinant DNA technology. The advanced and nanotechnology-based delivery system has significantly improved the efficacy and bioavailability of PAMPs as food preservatives for improved shelf-life and prevent spoilage of food products. ThePAMPs are of green origin and can be used as natural bio preservatives that do not alter the sensory properties of food and are harmless to consumers. Plants being the rich resource of AMPs to support their quick identification, and retrieval for commercial applications there is a need to integrate the omics approach with databases. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
Production of specialized metabolites in plant cell and organo-cultures: the role of gamma radiation in eliciting secondary metabolism
Purpose: To provide an updated summary of recent advances in the application of gamma irradiation to elicit secondary metabolism and for induction of mutations in plant cell and organ cultures for the production of industrially important specialized metabolites (SMs). Conclusions: Research on the application of gamma radiation with plants has contributed a lot to microbial decontamination of seeds, and the promotion of physiological processes such as seed germination, seedling vigor, plant growth, and development. Various studies have demonstrated the influence of gamma rays on the morphology, physiology, and biochemistry of plants. Recent research efforts have also shown that low-dose gamma (5100 Gy) irradiation can be utilized as an expedient solution to alleviate the deleterious effect of abiotic stresses and to obtain better yields of plants. Inducing mutagenesis using gamma irradiation has also evolved as a better option for inducing genetic variability in crops, vegetables, medicinal and ornamentals for their genetic improvement. Plant SMs are gaining increasing importance as pharmaceutical, therapeutic, cosmetic, and agricultural products. Plant cell, tissue, and organ cultures represent an attractive alternative to conventional methods of procuring useful SMs. Among the varied approaches the elicitor-induced in vitro culture techniques are considered an efficient tool for studying and improving the production of SMs. This review focuses on the utilization of low-dose gamma irradiation in the production of high-value SMs such as phenolics, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Furthermore, we present varied successful examples of gamma-ray-induced mutations in the production of SMs. Copyright 2024 Taylor & Francis Group LLC. -
Production of gymnemic acid from cell suspension cultures of gymnema sylvestre /
Protocols For In Vitro Cultures And Secondary Metabolite Analysis Of Aromatic And Medicinal Plants, Part of the Methods in Molecular Biology book series (MIMB,volume 1391), pp.229–239; 2nd ed. -
Production of Boeravinone-B, total phenolic, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity from callus cultures of Punarnava (BoerhaviadiffusaL.)
Boerhavia diffusa L. (Punarnava) is a medicinal herb, rich in diversified plant secondary metabolites used in curing various health ailments. Boeravinone-B is one of the important phytochemicals reported in Punarnava, possessing various pharmacological activities. It belongs to the family of rotenoids, belonging to the isoflavone group. Production of Boeravinone-B from the Punarnava through conventional propagation is comparatively very low, and alternative interventions are of utmost importance to meet the growing demand. In view of this, the present study aims to develop biotechnological approaches like cell/tissue culture as a substitute strategy for the accumulation of biomass and Boeravinone-B biosynthesis. Callus was established from leaf explants of Boerhavia diffusa L. when cultured on MS semi solid medium fortified with varied concentrations and combinations of auxins and cytokinins. The callus induced on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS medium) supplemented with 5.0 ppm 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) favored the highest production of Boeravinone-B analyzed through High-performance Liquid chromatography (HPLC) and it was found to be 673.95 ?g g-1 Dry weight (DW). The total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined for the callus extracts and the results showed that callus induced on 5.0 ppm 2,4-D medium showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid content, which was 63.48 mg g-1 Gallic acid equivalent (GAE) Dry weight (DW), and 30.22 mg g-1 Quercetin equivalent (QE) DW. Similarly, antioxidant activities (radical scavenging, metal chelating, and reducing power) were performed, and it was found that callus induced on 5.0 ppm 2,4-D showed the highest anti-oxidant potential. Radical scavenging activity was found to be 91.1%, and 74% of metal chelating activity was recorded, and a similar trend was observed with respect to reducing power as well. The results of the present study lay foundation for optimization and subsequent large-scale production of Boeravinone-B from callus/cell suspension cultures. The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/) -
Production Of Boeravinone B And Related Bioactive Molecules From Cell Cultures Of Punarnava, Boerhavia Diffusa Linn.
Boerhavia diffusa L., commonly referred to as punarnava, belongs to the Nyctaginaceae family. It contains a variety of phytochemicals that contribute to the plant's pharmacological activities. Among these compounds, Boeravinone-B, a significant secondary metabolite synthesized within the plant, has been reported to possess various pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardio-protective, antimicrobial, and anti-cancer activities. Given its potential, there is a growing need to produce Boeravinone-B through biotechnological approaches such as plant tissue cultures. However, limited studies have been conducted on its production via tissue culture. Therefore, our objective was to produce Boeravinone-B using callus and cell suspension cultures. To induce callus, different auxins (2,4-D, NAA, IAA, IBA, and picloram) and cytokinins (kinetin, BAP, TDZ, and 2-iP) alone and in combination to maximize biomass and Boeravinone-B production was employed. Results showed that semi-solid medium supplemented with 5.0 mg/L 2,4-D produced the highest biomass and Boeravinone-B production from leaf explants. Subsequently, we established cell suspension cultures and observed that a combination of 2.0 mg/L picloram and 5.0 mg/L NAA yielded the highest production of Boeravinone-B. We further optimized cultural conditions such as inoculum density, carbon sources, sucrose concentration, MS medium strength, pH, ammonium and nitrate ratio, and various concentrations of macronutrients to enhance Boeravinone-B production. Additionally, we explored elicitation strategies using both biotic and abiotic components to determine their effects on Boeravinone-B production. Elicitation involved the use of polysaccharides (chitosan), fungi (yeast extract, Aspergillus niger and Cordyceps militaris) bacteria (Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis), and algal members (Valonia utricularis and Spirulina platensis). Likewise, signalling molecules (salicylic acid, sodium nitroprusside, and ethephon), polyamines (putrescine, spermine, and spermidine), and heavy metal salts (lead acetate, cadmium chloride, and lanthanum chloride) to stimulate Boeravinone-B production. Significant variations were observed among the elicitors in their ability to promote Boeravinone-B production, with the order of effectiveness being spermidine > Spirulina platensis > salicylic acid > spermine > sodium nitroprusside > Aspergillus niger > Valonia utricularis > Cordyceps militaris > yeast extract > putrescine. By employing these elicitation strategies alongside advancements in molecular aspects and large-scale production in bioreactors, we can ensure a sustainable supply of Boeravinone-B and its associated metabolites. -
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Production of biomass and bioactive compounds from cell and organ cultures of ginseng, He-shou-wu, purple coneflower, and St. John's wort for the use in cosmetic industry
Plants and their products have been utilized as raw materials in the preparation of cosmetics for millennia. Currently, research is being done to find new plant materials that may be used as ingredients in cosmetic preparations, including body sprays, shampoos, conditioners, hair dyes/sprays, and other cosmetics. The plants that are used in the preparation of cosmetic products are usually procured from nature, however, the quality and quantity of bioactive ingredients present in the biomass vary based on the species, environment, and geographical locations from where the material has been procured. In addition, procurement of plant material from natural resources may lead to a shortage of material and even endanger the status of rare plants in the natural environment. Therefore, there is increased interest in the use of plant cell, tissue, and organ cultures (PCTOC) for the production of raw materials and bioactive specialized metabolites. There is also scope for increasing the accumulation of biomass and bioactive compounds in PCTOC by adopting various strategies such as optimization of culture medium, culture environment, elicitation, and other bioprocess methods. Furthermore, PCTOC-produced raw materials are free from contaminants, pesticides, and heavy metals and an important benefit of producing biomass in vitro is that it is easily accepted by regulatory authorities and consumers. In the current review, we describe the bioactive compounds of ginseng, purple coneflower, He-shou-wu, and St. John's wort which have cosmetological importance. Additionally, we elucidate the PCTOC method adopted for the production of biomass and bioactive compounds in these plants. 2023 SAAB -
Production of biodiesel from waste fish fat through ultrasound-assisted transesterification using petro-diesel as cosolvent and optimization of process parameters using response surface methodology
Biodiesel is a highly promising and viable alternative to fossil-based diesel that also addresses the urgent need for effective waste management. It can be synthesized by the chemical modification of triglycerides sourced from vegetable origin, animal fat, or algal oil. The transesterification reaction is the preferred method of producing biodiesel. However, the non-miscibility of alcohol and oil layer causes excessive utilization of alcohol, catalyst, and a substantial reacting time and temperature. In the current investigation, transesterification of waste fish oil was performed with petro-diesel as cosolvent, under the influence of ultrasound energy. The combination of both techniques is a unique and efficient way to minimize the mass transfer limitations considerably and hence reduces the parameters of the reaction. It is also a sincere effort to comply with the principles of green chemistry. The optimum reaction conditions were obtained using response surface methodology (RSM) that were as follows: molar ratio of methanol to oil 9.09:1, catalyst concentration of 0.97 wt%, cosolvent concentration of 29.1 wt%, temperature 60.1?, and a reacting time 30min. Under these listed conditions, 98.1% biodiesel was achievable, which was in close agreement with the expected result. In addition, the cosolvent removal step from the crude biodiesel was also eliminated as it could be employed as a blended fuel in CI engines. The Author(s) 2024. -
Production of bioactive compounds from cell and organ cultures of Centella asiatica
Centella asiatica, commonly known as mandukaparni, has garnered recognition for its efficacy in addressing a spectrum of health concerns. Its diverse pharmacological properties encompass roles in treating neuro-related issues, gastrointestinal problems, and cardiovascular conditions. Furthermore, it exhibits multifaceted therapeutic effects, including antioxidant, antidiabetic, wound healing, skin protective, and anti-osteoporotic properties. This herbaceous plant is rich in bioactive compounds such as centellosides (triterpene saponins) including madecassoside, madecassic acid, asiatic acid, and asiaticoside. These compounds, crucial for their pharmacological potential, are biosynthetically produced through the mevalonate and methylerythritol phosphate pathways. However, the challenge lies in the production of these important secondary metabolites, given the adverse impact on the availability of mandukaparni due to increasing demand. To address this concern, this chapter emphasizes the biotechnological interventions for the production of bioactive phytochemicals. These include plant tissue culture techniques, such as cell and organ cultures, along with elicitation strategies, genetic engineering approaches, and bioreactor-scale production. These methods aim to enhance the sustainable production of centellosides, providing valuable insights for researchers and paving the way for future opportunities in the field of plant-based therapeutics. 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved including those for text and data mining AI training and similar technologies. -
Production of bio-diesel from non-edible dried fruits of lagerstroemia speciosa
Rapi d urbani zat i on and i ncr ease i n population have evoked tremendous attention for biofuelsproduction to combatshortage of fuels, environmental concerns, foreign exchange savingsand socioeconomic issues.In recent years bi odi esel product i on f rom agro-i ndust ri al feedstocks such as waste vegetable oil, animal fat, grease, non-edible fruit oils etc.,acquired prominent place to fulfil the gap between production and demand. The present investigation has been undertaken to explore a noveland environmentally friendly process for developing biodiesel production t echnol ogy by subj ect i ng dr i ed f r ui t s of Lagerstroemia speciosa to mild ultrasonication at 33KHz for 20 min at 352Cfor obtaining high lipid yield, precursor for the production of biodiesel by transesterification.The biodiesel compounds 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) methyl ester, 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester, methyl stearate, cis-11,14-eicosadienoic acid methyl ester, 18-methylnonadecanoate were recognized as the main compounds in GC-MS analysis. 2020, Association of Biotechnology and Pharmacy. All rights reserved.