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Towards developing an automated technique for glaucomatous image classification and diagnosis (AT-GICD) using neural networks
Glaucoma is the eye defect that has become the second leading cause of blindness worldwide and also stated as incurable, may cause complete vision loss. The earlier diagnosis of glaucoma in Human Eye is a great confrontation and very important in present scenario, for providing efficient and appropriate treatments to the persons. Though there is much advancement in Ocular Imaging that affords methods for earlier detection, the appropriate results can be obtained by integrating the data from structural and functional evaluations. With that note, this paper involves in developing automated technique for glaucomatous image classification and diagnosis (AT-GICD). The model considers both the textural and energy features for effectively diagnosing the defect. Image Segmentation is processed for obtaining the exact area of optic nerve head; histogram gradient based conversion is employed for enhancing the fundus image features. Further, Wavelet Energy features are extracted and applied to the artificial neural networks (ANN) for classifying the NORMAL and GLAUCOMA images. The Accuracy rate based comparison with other existing models is carried out for evidencing the effectiveness of the proposed model in glaucomatous image classification. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of Computer Applications and Management. -
Certain types of metrics on almost coKler manifolds
In this paper, we study an almost coKler manifold admitting certain metrics such as ? -Ricci solitons, satisfying the critical point equation (CPE) or Bach flat. First, we consider a coKler 3-manifold (M,g) admitting a ? -Ricci soliton (g,X) and we show in this case that either M is locally flat or X is an infinitesimal contact transformation. Next, we study non-coKler (?, ?) -almost coKler metrics as CPE metrics and prove that such a g cannot be a solution of CPE with non-trivial function f. Finally, we prove that a (?, ?) -almost coKler manifold (M,g) is coKler if either M admits a divergence free Cotton tensor or the metric g is Bach flat. In contrast to this, we show by a suitable example that there are Bach flat almost coKler manifolds which are non-coKler. 2021, Fondation Carl-Herz and Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
A novel route for isomerization of ?-pinene oxide at room temperature under irradiation of light-emitting diodes
Present investigation demonstrates the potential use of HY-zeolite for photochemical applications in the selective isomerization of ?-pinene oxide to carveol. In this study, ultraviolet lamp and LED (390 nm) light sources were employed under atmospheric conditions. The results revealed that light penetration through protonated zeolite cavity promotes the hydrogen radical formation, facilitating the isomerization reaction in the presence of dimethylacetamide solvent to achieve up to 60% and 40% conversion of ?-pinene oxide to selective carveol (71%) under light irradiation. Here, using in situ spectroscopic studies (EPR and fluorescence), to confirm the hydrogen radical generation after light irradiation on the reaction mixture. Besides, the mechanistic pathway is proposed based on the experimental evidence of the formation of radicals, which is validated by the Density Functional Theory (DFT). By comparing electrical energy consumption for the same reaction using different reaction setups, it is understood that the energy requirement is nearly the same in the case of a reaction performed using a thermal reactor. The power consumption in reactions conducted using thermal, UV lamp and LED-based reactors was 1.6 kW/h, 1.5 kW/h, and 0.00144 kW/h, respectively. It is clear that the energy consumption in thermal and UV lamp-based reactors is higher than that of LED-based reactors, which was 1111 and 1041 times more than LED reactors respectively. Notably, the catalyst was found to be recyclable at least five consecutive runs, and the successful protocol was demonstrated up to 50 g scale. 2023 Elsevier Ltd -
Energy Harvesting Using ZnO Nanosheet-Decorated 3D-Printed Fabrics
In this work, we decorated piezoresponsive atomically thin ZnO nanosheets on a polymer surface using additive manufacturing (three-dimensional (3D) printing) technology to demonstrate electrical-mechanical coupling phenomena. The output voltage response of the 3D-printed architecture was regulated by varying the external mechanical pressures. Additionally, we have shown energy generation by placing the 3D-printed fabric on the padded shoulder strap of a bag with a load ranging from ?5 to ?75 N, taking advantage of the excellent mechanical strength and flexibility of the coated 3D-printed architecture. The ZnO coating layer forms a stable interface between ZnO nanosheets and the fabric, as confirmed by combining density functional theory (DFT) and electrical measurements. This effectively improves the output performance of the 3D-printed fabric by enhancing the charge transfer at the interface. Therefore, the present work can be used to build a new infrastructure for next-generation energy harvesters capable of carrying out several structural and functional responsibilities. 2023 American Chemical Society. -
Analysis and prediction of seed quality using machine learning
The mainstay of the economy has always been agriculture, and the majority of tasks are still carried out without the use of modern technology. Currently, the ability of human intelligence to forecast seed quality is used. Because it lacks a validation method, the existing seed prediction analysis is ineffective. Here, we have tried to create a prediction model that uses machine learning algorithms to forecast seed quality, leading to high crop yield and high-quality harvests. For precise seed categorization, this model was created using convolutional neural networks and trained using the seed dataset. Using data that can be used to forecast the future, this model is used to learn about whether the seeds are of premium quality, standard quality, or regular quality. While testing data are employed in the algorithms predictive analytics, training data and validation data are used for categorization reasons. Thus, by examining the training accuracy of the convolution neural network (CNN) model and the prediction accuracy of the algorithm, the projects primary goal is to develop the best method for the more accurate prediction of seed quality. 2023 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. -
Phytoextract-mediated synthesis of Cu doped NiO nanoparticle using cullon tomentosum plant extract with efficient antibacterial and anticancer property
In the present study, nickel oxide (NiO) and copper-doped nickel oxide (NiCuO) nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized using Cullen tomentosum plant extract with the co-precipitation method. This work focuses on the Phyto-mediated synthesis and characterization of NPs for their biological applications. Phytochemicals that exist in the plant extract acts as reducing and capping agent. The successful formation of the NPs was validated by various analysis as XRD, FESEM, EDAX, FT-IR, UVVis, and Photoluminescence. According to XRD studies, the average crystallite size of NiO and NiCuO NPs is 36 nm and 31 nm, respectively. The river stone and nanoflower like morphology for NiO and NiCuO NPs are confirmed by FESEM image. Furthermore, the synthesized NPs were tested against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pneumoniae) and Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli) bacteria, which showed enhanced antibacterial activity of NiCuO NPs. The cytotoxicity of NPs was investigated against human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and fibroblast L929 cell lines. Also, the IC50 value for human breast cancer cells is 11.8 ?g/mL. According to these findings, NiCuO NPs are potential nanomaterials with advanced healthcare uses. 2023 -
Lexical Richness of Adolescents Across Multimodalities: Measures, Issues and Future Directions
Lexical Richness (LR) is a scarcely researched subject in India. The objective of this paper is twofold: (i) To statistically inquire whether LR varies across three multimodalities: visual-only, audio-only, and audio-visual; and (ii) To see which of the two measures of LR (MATTR and Guiraud) is independent of text length and is best suited for short oral productions. 270 students across three types of schools were examined, out of whom 100 willingly completed all three oral tasks. The students were asked to retell the stories transacted in each modality in their own words. Randomization of sampling is done to mitigate the confounding modality bias. Additionally, the genre and parts of the storyline in each modality are similar. The students oral speech samples were recorded, transcribed and analyzed on WordCruncher and TextElixir software. The results revealed that there is statistically significant variance among the modalities. Furthermore, the Moving Average Type Token Ratio (MATTR) is seen to be independent of text length compared to Index of Guiraud. This study also throws light on the observations made during the study, pertinent issues in the field of education, and future directions for research on LR. 2023 IUP. All Rights Reserved. -
Soft grafting of DNA over hexagonal copper sulfide for low-power memristor switching
Green electronics, where functional organic/bio-materials that are biocompatible and easily disposable are implemented in electronic devices, have gained profound interest. DNA is the best biomolecule in existence that shows data storage capacity, in virtue of the sequential arrangement of AT and GC base pairs, analogous to the coding of binary numbers in computers. In the present work, a robust, uniform and repeatable room-temperature resistive switching in a Cu/Cu2S/DNA/Au heterojunction is demonstrated. The DNA nanostructures were anchored on the densely packed hexagonal Cu2S structures by simple electrochemical deposition. This heterostructure presents outstanding memristor behavior; the device exhibits resistive switching at a very low threshold voltage of 0.2 V and has a relatively high ON/OFF ratio of more than 102 with a good cycling stability of ?1000 cycles and a negligible amount of variation. The justification for such a switching mechanism is also given on the basis of the energy-band diagram of the Cu2S-DNA interface. Based on the studies herein, the resistive switching is attributed to the reversible doping of DNA by Cu+ ions, leading to intrinsic trap states. Further, the switching is modeled with the help of different transport mechanisms, like Schottky-barrier emission, Poole-Frenkel emission and Fowler-Nordheim tunneling. 2023 The Author(s). -
Cyclic property of iterative eccentrication of a graph
The eccentric graph of a graph G, denoted by Ge, is a derived graph with the vertex set same as that of G and two vertices in Ge are adjacent if one of them is an eccentric vertex of the other. The process of constructing iterative eccentric graphs, denoted by Gek is called eccentrication. A graph G is said to be ?-cyclic(t,l) if G,Ge,Ge2,...,Gek,Gek+1,...,Gek+l are the only non-isomorphic graphs, and the graph Gek+l+1 is isomorphic to Gek. In this paper, we prove the existence of an ?-cycle for any simple graph. The importance of this result lies in the fact that the enumeration of eccentrication of a graph reduces to a finite problem. Furthermore, the enumeration of a corresponding sequence of graph parameters such as chromatic number, domination number, independence number, minimum and maximum degree, etc., reduces to a finite problem. 2023 World Scientific Publishing Company. -
NuSTAR and AstroSat observations of GX 9+1: spectral and temporal studies
We have studied the spectro-temporal properties of the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary GX 9+1 using data from NuSTAR/Focal Plane Module and AstroSat/Soft X-ray Telescope and Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC). The hardness-intensity diagram of the source showed it to be in the soft spectral state (banana branch) during both observations. NuSTAR spectral analysis yielded an inclination angle (?) = 29 and inner disc radius (Rin) ? 19 km. Assuming that the accretion disc was truncated at the AlfvCrossed D sign ?0.9) with a monotonic increase in mass accretion rate () along the banana branch. The analysis also showed the presence of absorption edges at ?1.9 and ?2.4 keV, likely due to Si xiii and S xv, respectively. Temporal analysis with LAXPC-20 data in the 0.02-100 Hz range revealed the presence of noise components, which could be characterized by broad Lorentzian components. -
A new lightweight data security system for data security in the cloud computing
In recent decades, data has proved indispensable to all facets of human existence. The development of several applications has resulted in the exponential expansion of data. This information can be encrypted and stored in secure areas. Cloud computing is the technology that can be used to store these massive data sets. The article suggests a Cloud-based Data Security System (C-DSS) that employs a five-tiered trust model for cloud-edge data-sharing architectures. The data owner can select an appropriate trust level and Cyber Threat Information (CTI) sanitization procedure before releasing CTI for analytic strategy. In addition, this cleansing method is conducted either by an end device or by the cloud service supplier, based on the organization's degree of confidence in latter. Research presents the trust architecture, cloud architecture, and installation methodology, all of which are intended to meet widest variety of needs for exchanging secret CTI information. The testing findings high degree of data security and an evident improvement in terms of cypher processing time and security services when compared to the encryption systems that are most often employed in cloud technology. In conclusion, research briefly outlines development and evaluation performed so far by pilot applications confirming the architecture. 2023 The Authors -
Predicting Crude Oil Future Price Using Traditional and Artificial Intelligence-Based Model: Comparative Analysis
Crude oil is an imperative energy source for the global economy. The future value of crude oil is challenging to anticipate due to its nonstationarity in nature. The focus of this research is to appraise the explosive behavior of crude oil during 20072022, including the most recent influential crisis COVID-19 pandemic, to forecast its prices. The crude oil price forecasts by the traditional econometric ARIMA model were compared with modern Artificial Intelligence (AI)based Long Short-Term Memory Networks (ALSTM). Root mean square error (RMSE) and mean average percent error (MAPE) values have been used to evaluate the accuracy of such approaches. The results showed that the ALSTM model performs better than the traditional econometric ARIMA forecast model while predicting crude oil opening price on the next working day. Crude oil investors can effectively use this as an intraday trading model and more accurately predict the next working day opening price. 2023 World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Globalisation, Privacy, and Data Protection A Glimpse of Changing Contours from a Human Rights Perspective
Though the union government made efforts to protect the data of individuals with the introduction of the Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019 and subsequently with the enactment of the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023, there are various lacunae which still need to be resolved. Against this background, the right to privacy and data protection in a globalised world is discussed, along with the need to bring about reforms for the effective implementation and protection of the same. 2023 Economic and Political Weekly. All rights reserved. -
Phosphorus-doped molybdenum disulfide as counter electrode catalyst for efficient bifacial dye-sensitized solar cells
MoS2 is a promising counter electrode material for dye-sensitized solar cell owing to its optical and electrical properties and two-dimensional layered structure. However, it still suffers from minimal conductivity, poor charge transport and less active sites. The present study offers a promising method for enhancing catalytic and fast charge transfer in MoS2 through heteroatom doping of phosphorus. A facile one-step hydrothermal treatment was acquired to do the phosphorus doping. The spin-coated P-doped MoS2 (MSP2) counter electrode (CE) shows a superior power conversion efficiency of 7.93% for front illumination and 5.34% for rear illumination, outperforming Pt-based (7.41% and 5.75%) CE. Thus, phosphorous incorporation increases the number of active sites and improves the catalytic property of the material. The P-doped MoS2 (MSP2) CE film also shows high transmittance, making it a suitable choice for bifacial type of solar cell. 2023 Elsevier Ltd -
Discovery of inverse-Compton X-ray emission and estimate of the volume-averaged magnetic field in a galaxy group
Observed in a significant fraction of clusters and groups of galaxies, diffuse radio synchrotron emission reveals the presence of relativistic electrons and magnetic fields permeating large scale systems of galaxies. Although, these non-thermal electrons are expected to upscatter cosmic microwave background photons up to hard X-ray energies, such inverse-Compton (IC) X-ray emission has so far not been unambiguously detected on cluster/group scales. Using deep, new proprietary XMM-Newton observations (?200 ks of clean exposure), we report a 4.6 ? detection of extended IC X-ray emission in MRC 0116 +111, an extraordinary group of galaxies at z = 0.131. Assuming a spectral slope derived from low frequency radio data, the detection remains robust to systematic uncertainties. Together with low frequency radio data from the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT), this detection provides an estimate for the volume-averaged magnetic field of (1.9 0.3) ?G within the central part of the group. This value can serve as an anchor for studies of magnetic fields in the largest gravitationally bound systems in the Universe. 2023 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. -
Palladium immobilized on guanidine functionalized magnetic nanoparticles: a highly effective and recoverable catalyst for ultrasound aided Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions
We designed and prepared a palladium catalyst that can be magnetically recyclable by anchoring guanidine moiety on the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, named Fe3O4@SiO2-TCT-Gua-Pd. It was established to be a potent catalyst for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction (SMCR) in the EtOH/H2O system under ultrasonic conditions. FT-IR spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis, vibration sample magnetometry (VSM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) analyses were used to characterize the structure of the Fe3O4@SiO2-TCT-Gua-Pd nanoctalyst. The Fe3O4@SiO2-TCT-Gua-Pd catalyst produced favorable coupled products with excellent yields and was harmonious with various aryl halides and aryl boronic acids. The stability, low palladium leaching, and heterogeneous nature of the nanocatalyst were confirmed by a hot-filtration test. The palladium nanocatalyst could be easily recovered by magnetic field separation and recycled at least 6 times in a row without noticeable loss in its catalytic activity. 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry. -
Phytochemical fingerprinting and evaluation of in silico anti-thrombotic properties of Justicia adhatoda L. and Cordia dichotoma Frost
The study aimed to characterize hydro-methanolic (25%) extracts of Justicia adhatoda L. (stem and flower) and Cordia dichotoma Frost. (Stem and fruit) and evaluate the in silico thrombolytic properties of the major phytocompounds present in the plants. In the preliminary fluorescence imaging through treatment by different reagents, both plants were found to be pharmacologically active. Further qualitative screening of phytochemicals, spectroscopy-based techniques, namely, UV-Vis Spectroscopy and FTIR, revealed various classes of compounds such as polyacetylenes, aglycones, quercetin, anthocyanins, anthraquinones, alkaloids, chalcones and aurones, flavanols, carotenoids, and flavanones. Further, by the application of Thin Layer Chromatography, phenols and flavonoids, namely Catechol, Kaempferol, Quercetin, and Lutein, along with other compounds like Chlorophyll b, Glutamic Acid, and Tryptophan were identified from the extracts. Finally, in the molecular docking study, three compounds, Datiscoside and Robinin of C. dichotoma and Daucosterol of J. adhatoda showed high binding energies (-10.224,-9.547 and-9.262 kcal mol-1 respectively) towards the G-protein coupled thrombotic platelet aggregation receptor P2Y1 when compared to that of the control MRS2500 (-7.148 kcal mol-1). Articles by the authors; Licensee SMTCT, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. -
Electrochemical investigation of neodymium doped vanadium pentoxide anchored on reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites for hybrid symmetric capacitor devices
The modern world is highly dependent on portable electronic gadgets, so high-performance energy storage devices are a major demand for human beings. Here, we construct neodymium-doped vanadium pentoxide anchored with reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (rGO/Nd:V2O5) as the electrode material for a high-performance symmetric capacitor device. The prepared electrodes showed pseudocapacitor behaviour and double layer capacitor behaviour, indicating the hybrid nature of the rGO/Nd:V2O5 electrode. Also, the V2O5, Nd:V2O5 and rGO/Nd:V2O5 electrodes show higher capacitance behaviour of 447, 677 and 1122 F/g at 1 A/g and 89 %, 94 % and 98 % cyclic efficiency at the 1000th cycle. However, the rGO/Nd:V2O5 symmetric capacitor device exhibits a higher capacitance value of 218 F/g at 1 A/g and a cyclic efficiency of 82 % at the 10000th cycle. Also, this electrode shows a low charge transfer resistance value of 12.67 ?. This result shows the prepared rGO/Nd:V2O5 electrode as the high-performance electrode material for the supercapacitor devices. 2023 Elsevier Ltd -
Media Framing of Indian Green Fiscal Policy: A Survey of Environmental Policies Across Online News Portals
This research undertakes a framing analysis of news coverage from five leading Indian news portals, focusing on the environmental provisions of India's fiscal budgets for 2022-23 and 2023-24. These budgets marked a significant shift, being the first to prioritize "Energy Transition and Climate Action" and "Green Growth" as central themes. The analysis uncovers a spectrum of portrayals: from highlighting government initiatives and the potential economic windfalls of green policies to critical evaluations and concerns about their real-world implications. Specifically, the Times of India, with its 27 stories, leans heavily towards business and economic perspectives. The Hindu, through its five stories, both praises the government's green initiatives and critiques certain infrastructure projects. Hindustan Times offers a balanced view in its nine stories, juxtaposing government action plans against critiques of infrastructure spending. In contrast, The Scroll and The Wire, each with three stories, delve deeper, providing incisive, critical analyses of the government's environmental commitments. The study underscores that while independent news portals present nuanced insights, their narratives often stand in the shadow of mainstream portals that echo the government's perspective. Given the escalating global importance of environmental challenges, the findings strongly advocate for media outlets to establish dedicated environmental news sections. Such focused coverage could enhance public awareness and pressurize effective governmental action in the domain of green fiscal policies. 2023 by authors, all rights reserved. -
Estimation of spectroscopic parameters and TL glow curve analysis of Eu3+-activated CaY2O4 phosphor
The solid-state reaction method was utilised to create a down-conversion phosphor in an air environment in CaY2O4:Eu3+ nanocrystalline material. The calcination temperature was set at 1000 C, and the sintering temperature was set at 1300 C. Following annealing, confirmation of the crystallinity quality of the phosphor was accomplished by the use of X-ray diffraction analysis. The particle size was predicted to be 43.113 nm using Scherrer's formula. To produce down-conversion luminescence spectra, an excitation wavelength of 247 nm was applied with a fluorescence spectrophotometer. The PL got increasingly intense as the concentration of the dopant increased. The maximum intensity was measured at 2.0 mol% of Eu3+ ion, which gradually decreased as the concentration increased because of concentration quenching. To analyse spectrophotometric peak determinations, the approach developed by the Commission Internationale de l'lairage (CIE) was used. Thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve analysis of the CaY2O4:Eu3+-doped phosphor manufactured here revealed a wide TL centred at 225 C, which comprised of so many peaks that may be extracted by the computerised glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) approach using glow-fit software. The associated kinetic parameters were then determined. The prepared phosphor may be useful for application in various display devices upon excitation by 247 nm; the prominent 613 nm peak of the Eu3+ ion (5D0 ? 7F2) electric dipole transition features a red component. CaY2O4:Eu3+ phosphors show promise as materials for potential use in phosphor-converted white LEDs in the field of solid-state lighting technology. The linear connection that the TL glow curve has with UV dose provides evidence for its possible use in dosimetry. 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry.