Browse Items (11810 total)
Sort by:
-
P(III)-Mediated Cascade C-N/C-S Bond Formation: A Protocol towards the Synthesis of N,S-Heterocycles and Spiro Compounds
A P(III)-mediated entry towards construction of C?N/C?S bond has been devised. The developed heterocyclization method was exercised for the synthesis of a diverse range of N,S-heterocycles and related spiro molecules. P(NMe2)3 revealed the maximum efficacies under the aerobic reaction conditions and a spectrum of bis-nucleophiles, and isothiocyanates were tolerated well to serve the access of manifold immense molecules. (Figure presented.). 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH -
P-ROCK: A Sustainable Clustering Algorithm for Large Categorical Datasets
Data clustering is crucial when it comes to data processing and analytics. The new clustering method overcomes the challenge of evaluating and extracting data from big data. Numerical or categorical data can be grouped. Existing clustering methods favor numerical data clustering and ignore categorical data clustering. Until recently, the only way to cluster categorical data was to convert it to a numeric representation and then cluster it using current numeric clustering methods. However, these algorithms could not use the concept of categorical data for clustering. Following that, suggestions for expanding traditional categorical data processing methods were made. In addition to expansions, several new clustering methods and extensions have been proposed in recent years. ROCK is an adaptable and straightforward algorithm for calculating the similarity between data sets to cluster them. This paper aims to modify the algorithm by creating a parameterized version that takes specific algorithm parameters as input and outputs satisfactory cluster structures. The parameterized ROCK algorithm is the name given to the modified algorithm (P-ROCK). The proposed modification makes the original algorithm more flexible by using user-defined parameters. A detailed hypothesis was developed later validated with experimental results on real-world datasets using our proposed P-ROCK algorithm. A comparison with the original ROCK algorithm is also provided. Experiment results show that the proposed algorithm is on par with the original ROCK algorithm with an accuracy of 97.9%. The proposed P-ROCK algorithm has improved the runtime and is more flexible and scalable. 2023, Tech Science Press. All rights reserved. -
P-phase picker using virtual cloud-based Wireless Sensor Networks
Wireless Sensor Networks, mainly regarded as numerous resource-limited nodes linked via low bandwidth, have been intensively deployed for active volcano monitoring during the few past years. This paper studies the problem of primary waves received by seismic wireless sensors suffering from limited bandwidth, processing capacity, battery life and memory. To address these challenges, a new P-phase picking approach where sensors are virtualized using cloud computing architecture followed by a novel in-network signal processing algorithm, is proposed. The two principal merits of this paper are the clear demonstration that the Cloud Computing model is a good fit with the dynamic computational requirements of volcano monitoring and the novel signal processing algorithm for accurate P-phases picking. The proposed new model has been evaluated on Mount Nyiragongo using Eucalyptus/Open Stack with Orchestra-Juju for Private Sensor Cloud then to some famous public clouds such as Amozon EC2, ThingSpeak, SensorCloud and Pachube. The testing has been successful at 75%. The recommendation for future work would be to improve the effectiveness of virtual sensors by applying optimization techniques and other methods. 2015 IEEE. -
P-energy of generalized Petersen graphs
For a given graph G, its P-energy is the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of the P-matrix of G. In this article, we explore the P-energy of generalized Petersen graphs G(p; k) for various vertex partitions such as independent, domatic, total domatic and k-ply domatic partitions and partition containing a perfect matching in G(p; k). Further, we present a python program to obtain the P-energy of G(p; k) for the vertex partitions under consideration and examine the relation between them. 2022 The authors. -
P type copper doped tin oxide thin films and p-n homojunction diodes based on them
P-type copper doped tin oxide (SnO2:Cu) thin films were prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis method on glass substrates for different doping concentrations. Their structural, optical, surface morphological, elemental and electrical studies were investigated. We fabricated two transparent homojunction diodes using optimized sample of SnO2:Cu which are p- SnO2:Cu/n-SnO2 and p-SnO2:Cu/n- SnO2:F.These diodes are reported for the first time by this method. 2021 Elsevier B.V. -
Oxidation reactions of carbaryl in aqueous solutions
Hydroxyl radical induced oxidation of carbaryl has been studied using steady state photolysis followed by high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS), pulse radiolysis, and theoretical (DFT) calculations. The reaction of ?OH with carbaryl resulted in a number of hydroxylated adduct radicals (?max - 330 nm and 390 nm; k2 - 1.2 1010 dm3 mol-1 s-1). The DFT calculations and results obtained from LC-Q-TOF-MS analysis shows the possible addition of ?OH at C1 (energetically most stable) and C7 positions of carbaryl leading to the generation of resonance stabilized hydroxycyclohexadienyl-type radicals as the immediate intermediates, which eventually converted into naphthol and a hydroxylated naphthols. LC-Q-TOF-MS results also revealed the formation of other hydroxylated derivatives and naphthoquinones that are most likely originated from the consecutive ?OH attack on the initially formed products. Naphthoquinones are found to undergo ring opening and the corresponding products are identified. The reaction of SO4?- with carbaryl, on the other hand, results the radical cation of parent molecule (?max - 320 nm and 390 nm) which exhibits reasonable stability in the pulse radiolysis timescale. Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis after H2O2/UV photolysis revealed that nearly 70% of the organic content is mineralized after 35 min of irradiation, which demonstrates the potential application of oxidative methods towards the degradation of carbaryl. 2021 Elsevier B.V. -
Overview of Cyber Security in Intelligent and Sustainable Manufacturing
With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), a new transformation is predominant in the manufacturing industry, termed Industry 4.0. The revolution of IoT with artificial intelligence, Web3, robotics, and automation has transformed the traditional manufacturing system into a smart manufacturing system (SMS) by adding an intelligent component capable of automatic data collection through using sensors, processing data autonomously, and controlling machines remotely. However, adding automated intelligence, autonomous systems, and real-time data processing presents an insecure surface to cyber attackers to penetrate these cyber-physical systems (CPSs) and cause physical damage. This chapter presents a detailed discussion of cyber threats and incidents in the intelligent manufacturing industry, along with the available acceptable mitigation strategies. A taxonomy of cyber attacks on intelligent manufacturing systems clearly shows the difference between information technology threats and smart manufacturing cyber-threats. A detailed discussion on the limitations of SMSs in implementing cyber security is presented. Finally, some innovative machine learningbased security mechanisms (ML-based intrusion detection systems) are discussed that promise to detect anomalies/intrusions in such systems. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Ajay Kumar, Parveen Kumar, Yang Liu, and Rakesh Kumar. -
Overt dependence of health insurance industry on healthcare system
A vast majority of the population in the developing economies remains uninsured. Moreover, the informal sector that employs a larger section of the society is untouched by any of the government scheme. In this study, we use health belief model to examine the factors that induce willingness to buy health insurance among the illness and the non-illness group. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,339 participants above 20 years of age of which 351 had contracted illness in the past and 988 had not. Data was collected using questionnaire from four highly populated districts in India. The questionnaire was developed based on the constructs of health belief model. The data was statistically analysed. Kendalls Tau-b correlation technique was used to explore the relationship between perceived vulnerability and product aversion. Logistic regression was used to find out the odds at which each independent variable, categorised based on the health belief model, contributes to willingness to buy. The model was able to predict 15% of the variance for willingness-to-buy among the illness and 27% among the non-illness groups. Findings suggest that the perceived vulnerability reduced product aversion among the illness group. Mere presence of primary and super-specialty hospitals was not sufficient for the illness group to subscribe for health insurance. Income perceptions emerged as a significant predictor among the illness group. Presence of well-established hospital, income perceptions, and subjective norms were significant predictors among the non-illness group. The growth of the health insurance industry largely depends upon the presence of well-established hospitals. In the absence of adequate healthcare facilities, attempts by the insurers to promote insurance covers will become futile. Insurers should also consider alternate segmentation patterns albeit the present socio-demographic pattern, as the health risk experience differs among individuals. Asian Academy of Management and Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2021. -
Overall system performance analysis with distributed generation
Transmission system loadability enhancement using modern techniques are one of the interesting research areas under power system planning studies. This paper address the location of Distributed Generation (DG) in the network not only loadability enhancement but also for transmission loss minimization and voltage stability enhancement. We have proposed a novel strategic approach for DG location and size by considering (N-1) line contingency criterion. The approach is analyzed with IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 30-bus test systems. The results are validating the proposed approach for real-time applications. 2016 IEEE. -
OUTWARD FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FROM INDIA IN THE SERVICE SECTOR WITH REFERENCE TO IT INDUSTRY
Growing international integration through trade and investment is the emerging scenario of the 21st century. International Investment flows, particularly Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), have become a rising manifestation of this growing global linkage between nations. Outward Foreign Direct Investments (OFDI) from India in the service sector is emerging as a significant aspect of Indias international economic integration. Firms from India are incorporating outward foreign direct investment as part of their corporate strategy to compete globally and to acquire key assets. Outward investments is being adopted as part of their global strategy to emerge as leaders in their respective domain.As the significance of outward investment rises, it is important to understand the motivation and strengths behind such flows. With rising significance of services sector, more studies to explain the nature and factors behind outward FDI assumes importance. Therefore a focus on growth of OFDI from service sector like knowledge??intensive information-technology (IT) sector has become very relevant. IT firms from India have created a global presence and brand image. It is therefore important to consider various factors which give competitive advantage to the firms. The present study is divided into six chapters. The first chapter provides an overview and introduces the research issue. The second chapter comprises of a review of literature in the area. Research Methodology is outlined in the third chapter. The fourth chapter consists of an analysis of the trends in Indian outward foreign direct investment. The fifth chapter provides the analysis and interpretation of factors influencing foreign investments by firms. The sixth chapter gives the summary and conclusions of the study. Results of the study indicate that Indias outward foreign direct investment is showing a rising trend and that there are significant changes in the pattern of these outflows. The outflows by service sector firms have increased and there is also rising investment to developed countries. The changing trend is a reflection of the global aspirations of Indian firms and their willingness to compete in the world market. The study shows that India firms, though small in comparison to multinationals from developed world, do have competitive advantage. They have leveraged these advantages and acquired strategic assets to enhance their competitive position. The firms are gaining from experience and building tacit knowledge. These skills are applied to creating a network to supplement and augment their competitive advantage. In this endeavor, macro factors are also playing a significant role. Technological and information revolution has given firms an opportunity to strengthen their competitive advantage. In this endeavor, firms in developing country like India have benefited from a vast pool of educated, skilled and technically qualified human resource. They have been facilitated by a liberalized government policy and the domestic economic climate, which has given them opportunities for entrepreneurship. Rising outward FDI is a manifestation of these changes. As Indian firms seek to strengthen their competitive positions and augment their assets, the outflow of investment to nations that have intellectual assets will increase. At the same time the traditional motive of undertaking investments to seek larger markets is still important. Though India is still a fledgling in the spectrum of outward investments, Indian firms are fast rising up to the challenge of competitive global atmosphere with aggressive strategies. Indian economy is emerging as one of the largest economies in the world. With the second largest population in the world, India has to utilize every opportunity to build sustainable growth with greater international economic linkages with rest of the world. -
-
Outward Foreign Direct Investment From India ; A Sectoral Analysis
New opportunities have arisen as the global economy has been more integrated, with globalization and liberalization of government policies. As the world becomes more globalized, businesses boost their investments to keep up with demand. Trade and foreign investments are two notable paths to global integration, with trade being the traditional path. As an FDI pioneer and promoter, the FDI of the upper-middle-income countries became an essential source of integration with the low and middle-income countries. With globalization and liberalization policies India has become the most significant emerging economy. Economic policies urged Indian enterprises to compete internationally to keep up with fierce competitive environment and the adoption of new technology, such as expanding into new markets, acquiring assets and resources, and integrating their overseas operations. Outward FDI (OFDI) has been used by Indian enterprises to meet these strategic needs. India's overseas investments have increased significantly since the 1990s. The majority of empirical research has focused on FDI from upper-middle-income nations. As low- and middle-income nations like India become more important players in the FDI flow, it's necessary to understand the patterns, motivations, and factors that influence the location and impact of OFDI from these countries. Existing Studies focused on Inward FDI (IFDI), but this study focuses on Outward FDI (OFDI) from India. Earlier OFDI research has mostly focused on firm-specific advantages. This study examines India's OFDI trends, as well as changes in host country location determinants, sectoral composition, and their influence on both the home and host countries. In view of the changing direction of OFDI in India, this study compares investment motives and location factors between the upper-middle-income and low and middle-income countries complying with the international categorization established by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) in its publication, the World Investment Report (WIR). This study analyzes the determinants and impact of India's OFDI in the home and host country during the period 1991-2020 in the context of Dunning's eclectic paradigm (OLI paradigm) and Investment Development Path (IDP) theory, using OFDI data from 1991 to 2020, which is longer than other studies by India's OFDI. This study employs panel data methodologies to identify crucial aspects and empirically test the nature of India's OFDI, which includes market seeking, resource seeking, technology and strategic asset seeking. The study uses a time series method to empirically test the relationship between India's OFDI, Trade and GDP. The results reveal that India's OFDI is motivated by market seeking, resource seeking, and technology seeking motives in upper-middle-income and low and middle-income countries. The results emphasize strategic assets as a significant motivation for investing in upper-middle-income countries rather than low and middle-income countries. India's OFDI is also actively linked to host country policies such as openness, corruption and market size. OFDI from India affects exports, as OFDI and exports are two means of internationalization. Theoretically, OFDI leads to further exports (positive or complements) or replaces exports with production (negative or substitution). Empirical testing of the OFDI-trade relationship shows a significant long-term positive relationship between the two. The study divided into five chapters. Chapter one comprises the introduction, backdrop of Global Outward FDI, India's FDI inflows and outflows, India's outward FDI, Need and Significance of the study. The second chapter consists of the literature review, theories of FDI, Statement of Problem. The third chapter deals with the methodology, research gap, research question, objectives of the study, and statistical tools used for the study. The fourth chapter focuses on the determinants of India's OFDI towards upper-middle and low and middle-income countries and the impact of India's OFDI on upper-middle and low and middle-income countries are analyzed in chapter three. It followed by a Geographical and sectoral analysis of India's OFDI in upper-middle and low and middle-income countries and a region-wise analysis in chapter five. Chapter six presents the study results, factors affecting India's Outward FDI among upper-middle and low and middle-income countries, followed by practical, theoretical and policy implications of the Study. -
Outcome Evaluation of Child Sponsorship Programme of A Non-Governmental Organization
Child sponsorship programme is a vital tool for the integral development of the children at risk. Family based child sponsorship programme is one of the best services for the marginalized children which ensure their education while also respecting the rights of the children. The current study attempts to evaluate the outcome of child sponsorship programme of a non-Governmental organization newlinethrough a mixed method. Quasi-experimental post-test only design is the methodology used to conduct the study. The study evaluated the programme with regard to Self-esteem, Achievement motivation and family functioning of the sponsored children. The data was collected from 80 individuals for the quantitative study; using 3 standardized scales. Thematic analysis of qualitative data collected by interviewing 5 pairs of beneficiaries of the child sponsorship programme. The data was analysed using SPSS and R. The findings that there is a significant difference in terms of self-esteem and achievement motivation between the two groups of children. With regard to family newlinefunctioning conflict is much lesser among sponsored children (M=20.75) while compared to non-sponsored children (M=43.80). In terms of parenting and intimacy, the sponsored children are having higher score. Also, it was found out that self-esteem significantly mediated the impact of family functioning on achievement motivation of the individual(plt0.05). It is noticed that the effect of family functioning on achievement motivation was 0.504 and the direct effect was found to be 0.333. Selfesteem was found to strengthen the impact of family functioning on achievement motivation.Academic excellence improves the employability of respondents. Employment of newlinethose who received sponsorship can provide financial stability to the family. Therefore, this evaluation study confirmed the phenomenal effect of child sponsorship newlinein realizing inclusivity goals, as well as facilitate the personal, familial, economic, and social growth of sponsored children. -
-
Out of Box Thinking to Tangible Science: A Benchmark History of 3D Bio-Printing in Regenerative Medicine and Tissues Engineering
Advancements and developments in the 3D bioprinting have been promising and have met the needs of organ transplantation. Current improvements in tissue engineering constructs have enhanced their applications in regenerative medicines and other medical fields. The synergistic effects of 3D bioprinting have brought technologies such as tissue engineering, microfluidics, integrated tissue organ printing, in vivo bioprinted tissue implants, artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches together. These have greatly impacted interventions in medical fields, such as medical implants, multi-organ-on-chip models, prosthetics, drug testing tissue constructs and much more. This technological leap has offered promising personalized solutions for patients with chronic diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders, and who have been in severe accidents. This review discussed the various standing printing methods, such as inkjet, extrusion, laser-assisted, digital light processing, and stereolithographic 3D bioprinter models, adopted for tissue constructs. Additionally, the properties of natural, synthetic, cell-laden, dECM-based, short peptides, nanocomposite and bioactive bioinks are briefly discussed. Sequels of several tissue-laden constructs such as skin, bone and cartilage, liver, kidney, smooth muscles, cardiac and neural tissues are briefly analyzed. Challenges, future perspectives and the impact of microfluidics in resolving the limitations in the field, along with 3D bioprinting, are discussed. Certainly, a technology gap still exists in the scaling up, industrialization and commercialization of this technology for the benefit of stakeholders. 2023 by the authors. -
OTT Enchantment: Decoding the Secret of Millennials Subscription Intentions
This study explores the factors that affect intention and choices of millennials for subscription of Over-The-Top (OTT) platforms. The study involved a mixed-methods approach, involving exploratory and descriptive design. The outcome of the study showed that there is a profound impact of demographic variables on the subscription intention. Results also indicated that factors like convenient navigation, information seeking, and bingewatching impacted respondents attitudes towards purchasing OTT subscriptions. Moreover, factors like relaxation and voyeurism impacted respondents attitudes towards continuing OTT subscriptions. The research findings will be helpful for OTT companies to implement new distribution strategies with mobile operators to launch novel services like mobile-only packs and sachet pricing and thereby increase their user base. The study contributes significantly in understanding the viewership and subscription patterns of millennials. The study is exclusively an original contribution of the authors. 2024, Econjournals. All rights reserved. -
Ortho-Vanillin based multifunctional scaffold for selective detection of Al3+ and Zn2+ employing molecular logic with DFT study and cell imaging with live Grass pea
Ligand (E)-N-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene) acetohydrazide (HL) has been designed and synthesized from o-vanillin and acetohydrazide for selective sensing of Al3+ and Zn2+ ions. In the photoluminescence studies, the receptor HL itself shows very poor fluorescence but on incremental addition of Al3+ and Zn2+ ions in solution of the probe HL individually leads to a sharp increase in emission intensities at wavelengths 468 nm (?15 fold) and 504 nm (?8 fold) respectively. Due to excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), HL exhibits weak emission in absence of any analytes but in presence of Al3+ and Zn2+, chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) with coordination of Al3+ and Zn2+ inhibits ESIPT, which results large increase of fluorescence enhancement. The ligand HL shows high selectivity and sensitivity to detect Al3+ and Zn2+ among various metal ions with LOD (Limit of Detection) 0.836 10?6 M and 1.01 10?6 M respectively. DFT calculation has been performed to study the binding phenomenon of ligand HL with metal ions. A molecular logic gate has been build-up with Al3+ and Zn2+ and EDTA as three chemical input. Simultaneously, cytotoxicity and cell biology for the probe and corresponding Al3+ sensing were observed. 2023 Elsevier B.V. -
Origin, ecotoxicity, and analytical methods for microplastic detection in aquatic systems
Over the decades, interaction of microplastics with other pollutants in a dynamic environmental set up was observed to increase their toxic effects. This scenario is worse in aquatic environments due to the entry of huge loads of microplastic components into the waterbodies through direct plastic dumping and those delivered from effluents originating from various treatment plants. Although extensive research was done to understand the issue associated with microplastic contamination of various aquatic environments, a huge research gap still exists in areas like their ecotoxicology, fate, distribution, and detection methods in aquatic environments. Moreover, the combined deleterious effect of microplastics in association with other environmental pollutants is not widely studied and requires more research focus. The major scope of this review is to present a comprehensive outlook on the recent studies carried out to understand the types, origin, distribution, transport, fate, and toxicity of microplastics in aquatic environments, both fresh water and marine. The review summarizes the ecotoxicological effects of microplastic contaminants in aquatic environment like the oxidative damage, neurotoxicity and decreased reproductive potential. An in-depth discussion regarding the ability of the microplastics in combination with other pollutants to serve as potentially hazardous agents in aquatic environment is also elaborated in the review. Further a summary on various microplastic detection methods, challenges associated with microplastic detection and management is carefully reviewed and compiled in this work. The need for proper awareness programs to general public highlighting the toxicity of microplastics and strict regulations regarding their continuous assessment and management in waterbodies are essential factors in controlling their adverse effect on aquatic environment. 2023 Elsevier B.V. -
Origin and diversification of Indian Ceropegieae (Apocynaceae) and its possible relation to the Indian monsoon
The Indian subcontinent has experienced a major shift in climatic regime from a wet tropical regime to increased seasonal rainfall, since the late Miocene. This shift has been attributed to the intensification of monsoons, which led to opening up of dry habitats in humid forests and formation of deciduous forests. We explored the role of this climatic shift in the origin and diversification of dry-adapted plant genera Ceropegia and Brachystelma (Ceropegiae, Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae). We sampled Ceropegia and Brachystelma from across India and used five markers (two nuclear and three plastid regions) to reconstruct a global phylogeny of this group. Indian members of the tribe Ceropegiae were derived from Africa through at least four independent dispersal events. All dispersal events occurred in late Miocene after establishment of a monsoon climate. One of these early dispersing lineages underwent rapid radiation in peninsular India, giving rise to around 50 species. Thus, both dispersal and diversification events coincided with the intensification of monsoons and concomitant aridification. The role of environment in the evolution of floral characteristics and root type in the Indian radiation is also discussed. This is one of the first reports on a dry-adapted endemic radiation of plants in India. 2020 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences -
Origami foldaway support for beginners using image processing
Various origami works are distributed as origami books in which a succession of collapsing operations with basic outlines is portrayed. In any case, the origami book reader often will give up the instruction of the book middle, because it is too difficult to understand a way to fold in accordance with the diagrams. This paper proposes an approach to find the next step how to do the folding operation, especially for origami beginners. First, a method of detecting the folding operation based on camera images is been detected by canny edge detection. Then, in order to get the next operation camera image is been compare with the database images with the help of Bag of a visual word and Speed up robust features(SURF) detector to detect the key points by finding out the nearest neighboring distance ration (NNDR) measures to find out the similarities. 2016 Authors.