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A facile and economic electrochemical sensor for methylmalonic acid: A potential biomarker for vitamin B12 deficiency /
New Journal of Chemistry, Vol.46, Issue 9, pp.4114- 4125, ISSN No: 1144-0546 (Print) 1369-9261 (Online).
A facile and cost-effective method based on a modified pencil graphite electrode (PGE) has been developed for the sensing of methylmalonic acid (MMA). The electrode (Ag–PEDOT/PGE) was designed by the electrodeposition of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) on carbon fibre paper (CFP) coated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and other electroanalytical techniques were used to characterize the modified electrodes. -
High-Performance ?-cyclodextrin-Ti3C2Tx MXene-Based Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Neurological Disorder Biomarker
In this work, the ?-cyclodextrin-MXene (?-CD-MXene) composite was employed as a modifier for carbon fiber paper (CFP) electrodes and quantification of L-methionine (L-Met). The ?-CD-MXene composite was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis route by adding ?-CD and Ti3C2Tx MXenes obtained via the Minimally intensive layer delamination technique. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) were conducted to study the influence of scan rate and pH on the electrooxidation of L-Met studies using the ?-CD-MXene/CFP electrode. The layered structure of the exfoliated Ti3C2Tx MXenes with charge transfer efficiency in combination with the host-guest interaction ability of ?-CD enhances the electrooxidation of L-Met. The ?-CD-MXene/CFP electrode showcased high sensitivity, reproducibility, and stability, and the anodic peak currents were in linearity with L-Met concentration within the range of 0.09-540 ?M and LOD of 0.03 ?M under various optimized conditions. In addition, the developed sensor showcases highly selective and non-interfering sensing of L-Met. 2024 The Electrochemical Society (ECS). Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited. -
New horizons in surface topography modulation of MXenes for electrochemical sensing toward potential biomarkers of chronic disorders
MXenes are recently advanced two-dimensional layered nanomaterials that have various characteristic properties for developing electrochemical sensors for bioanalytical applications, such as hydrophilicity, good biocompatibility, electrical conductivity, heightened ion transportation, and ease of functionalization. MXenes are revealed to be having applications in various other fields including energy storage, and catalysis. The combination of a layered structure, biocompatibility, and high surface functionalities makes MXene a highly versatile material for electrochemical sensing applications. The effect of various synthesis and functionalization strategies on tuning the properties of MXenes toward improving sensing abilities has been comprehensively discussed. This review article also discusses the relevance of early diagnosis of various biomarkers of chronic diseases via MXene modified electrochemical sensor for gaining a better understanding of their early diagnosis, disease progression, and risk assessment. Modification with MXenes improves the electrocatalytic functionality of the electrodes thereby improving their applicability in health and biomedical fields. 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Review-electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols using chemically modified electrodes: A review
Electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols utilizing chemically modified electrodes is considered as a green and facile method. This method is also considered as a feasible solution for a clean and efficient energy production, is more economic and produces less toxic and minimal waste. Electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols is of great interest as many of its products find applications in chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. The major classifications of chemical modification to the electrodes for electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols discussed in this review include conducting polymers, noble metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, or metal-oxides as nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide-based modifications. Despite its wide range of applications and environmentally benign nature, electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols using chemically modified electrodes is underutilized, less appreciated, and still in its infancy stages. This review aims to provide the readers with an overview in the field of electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols by incorporating two significant applications-Electroorganic conversion of alcohols to aldehydes and their applications in alcohol-based fuel cells. Further, this also presents an outlook for gaining deeper insights for making this methodology more economic, and applicable in various synthetic organic chemistry fields. 2020 The Electrochemical Society (ECS). Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited -
In silico Analysis of Stigmasterol from Saraca asoca as a Potential Therapeutic Drug Against Alzheimers Disease
Improvements and advances in health care over the past few decades have increased life expectancy and quality of life. However, this has resulted in an increase in non-communicable diseases like dementia, Alzheimers Disease (AD), etc. AD most commonly affects the older population, but recent studies reveal that it can also affect people of any age group. As of now, there are no accessible treatments or therapies that reverse the progression of the disease. The few existing medications to treat AD include Donepezil (Aricept), Galantamine (Razadyne) and Rivastigmine (Exelon) provide only temporary relief and come with several side effects like diarrhoea, vomiting, nausea, fatigue, insomnia, loss of appetite, and weight loss. An effective and augmenting therapy with Cholinesterase inhibitors from natural products is gaining popularity among researchers. Plant sterols have been known to play roles in inhibiting proteins implicated in the development of AD. The present study highlights the significance and scope of Stigmasterol, a phytochemical in Saraca asoca in the alleviation of AD. Our study involving the use of QSAR, ADME, molecular interaction, and molecular docking has shown that Stigmasterol has the potential to be developed as a therapeutic drug to curb the progression of AD after thorough validation procedures. 2021 Har Krishan Bhalla & Sons. -
Hierarchical porous covalent organic framework-based sensor for the detection of neurodegenerative disorder biomarkers
Guanosine is an essential biomarker that enacts an important role in neuroprotection against brain-related activities, influences the metabolism of fatty acids, and assists in the improvement of the gastrointestinal tract. A facile and selective electrochemical sensor has been developed for the sensing of guanosine based on a hierarchical porous covalent organic framework. Owing to the distinctive 2D porous architecture and ordered framework of TpBD-COF, the irreversible electrooxidation of guanosine occurred at 1.03 V (vs. SCE) in phosphate buffer solution at pH 6. The anodic peak currents under optimal conditions were linear with guanosine concentration within the range of 0.123720 ?M with a LOD of 40.63 nM under various optimal conditions. Moreover, the developed biosensor was used to determine guanosine in pharmaceutical tablets to confirm its potential application in the healthcare industry. 2023 Elsevier B.V. -
Recent advances in bimetallic based nanostructures: Synthesis and electrochemical sensing applications
Detection of biomolecules is paramount for the diagnosis of various health conditions in humans for improving the quality as well as the standard of living. Many of the existing analytical detection methods being used have one or the other drawbacks. This has led to revolutionary paradigms in research and development in the electrochemical sensing of biomolecules. Nanoparticles have enhanced surface area to volume ratio and are highly effective as sensors due to their improved electrocatalytic properties. Bimetallic nanoparticles such as platinum, nickel, iron, palladium, and gold-based nanoparticles in combination with other metals are being extensively used for electrode modification owing to their unique electrocatalytic characteristics. The synergistic effect of two metals provides us with highly sensitive electrodes. Over a while, there has been a significant increase in research carried out in this field, which encouraged us to carry out a thorough survey of the development of bimetallic nanoparticle-based electrochemical sensors for the sensing of glucose, hydrogen peroxide, ascorbic acid, dopamine, and uric acid. We have also mentioned the different types of electrode modifications for developing electrochemical sensors. This review provides readers a comparative study of the analytical parameters of the various electrochemical sensors for linear range, detection limit, and sensitivity. 2020 Elsevier B.V. -
Electrochemical determination of Vitamin B6 using coral-like MnO2-Pi on Ti3C2Tx MXene
MXenes are 2D nanomaterials that are considered the materials of the future generation due to their high electrical conductivity, good biocompatibility, and ease of functionalization. This research work reports the electrochemical sensing of Vitamin B6 using the Manganese dioxide-inorganic phosphate/MXene brush-coated Carbon fiber paper electrode (MnO2-Pi/MXene/CFP) electrode for the first time. The three-dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets consisting of highly ordered, vertically aligned nanosheets with electrochemically deposited MnO2-Pi are capable of yielding a synergistic effect in combination with high electrochemical performance and large surface area of MnO2-Pi. The reported electrochemical sensor exhibited a wide linear dynamic range (0.06650 M) and a low-level detection limit of 0.021 M. An increase in the anodic peak current confirms the rapid transfer of electrons transfer arising between the Ti3C2Tx MXene and MnO2-Pi. The results attained substantiate that the fabricated sensor has enhanced selectivity, reproducibility, and stability toward the electrochemical determination of Vitamin B6 in real samples. 2023 Elsevier Ltd -
A facile and economic electrochemical sensor for methylmalonic acid: A potential biomarker for vitamin B12 deficiency
A facile and cost-effective method based on a modified pencil graphite electrode (PGE) has been developed for the sensing of methylmalonic acid (MMA). The electrode (Ag-PEDOT/PGE) was designed by the electrodeposition of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) on carbon fibre paper (CFP) coated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and other electroanalytical techniques were used to characterize the modified electrodes. The fabricated sensor showcased a wide linear dynamic range (0.50 pM-55 nM) and a low detection limit (0.16 pM). A sharp increase in anodic peak current shows the excellent rate of electron transfer arising from Ag-PEDOT and PGE. The developed electrode was effectively utilized towards electrochemical MMA determination in urine and human blood serum samples. The results obtained certainly indicate that the sensor has high selectivity, ensures rapid detection, is reproducible, and has high stability towards the quantification of MMA in real samples. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. -
Subaltern languages : The question of vernaculars in 21st century India /
Jopurnal of Educational Planning And Administration, Vol.33, Issue 1, pp.51-65 -
Magnetohydrodynamic flow of two immiscible hybrid nanofluids between two rotating disks
The two-layer model of the magnetohydrodynamic flow of hybrid nanofluid (HNF) between two disks of the same radii is analyzed in this study. The base fluids of both the hybrid nanofluids are immiscible so that these two fluids form an interfacial layer making the study more unique and innovative. The heat source/sink with viscous dissipation effect on energy equation is discussed. The governing equation is in the form of PDEs that are later reduced to ODEs with the help of the Von Karman transformation. The resulting ODEs are solved using the RK method and the results are interpreted graphically. In addition to temperature and concentration gradient, the radial, tangential and axial velocities for different parameters are studied. The results indicate that the physical ratios such as viscosity and thermal conductivity ratios can improve the fluid motion and temperature even in the presence of magnetic field. Also, the ratio of stretching rate produced by the rotation of disk can effectively control the fluid motion. The two fluid flow between two rotating disk forms an interfacial layer between the fluids results in the increment of heat transfer rate which finds application in the field such as heat ex-changer equipment, Cryogenic systems, electronic appliances, and solar collectors. 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Electro-osmotic effect on the three-layer flow of Binary nanoliquid between two concentric cylinders
The three-layer flow of an immiscible nanoliquid in composite annulus with an electro-kinetic effect is analyzed using Buongiornos model. This model helps in analyzing the impact of two major phenomena, namely thermophoresis and Brownian motion. In this model, an interfacial layer is formed between the liquids due to the immiscibility of the base liquids. The use of a multilayer model especially in cooling systems brings more applications in many industries such as nuclear, biomedical, and solar. Different from the earlier studies on multilayer channel flow, this paper explains the three-layer flow between two concentric cylinders in the presence of cross-diffusion which makes the work unique. Further, the middle region is assumed to be porous and heat source or sink is applied to the entire system. Also, the flux conservation condition for nanoparticle volume fraction is considered. The equations governing the problem are simplified and are solved using the differential transform method. The results indicate that the electroosmotic parameter enhances the velocity but reduces the electrostatic potential. Further, the diffusion ratio improves the temperature and decreases the solute concentration of the fluid. 2022, Akadiai Kiad Budapest, Hungary. -
Multilayer flow and heat transport of nanoliquids with nonlinear Boussinesq approximation and viscous heating using differential transform method
Multilayer fluid flow models are significant in various applications, namely, cooling electronic systems, solar thermal systems, and nuclear reactors. The density of a fluid fluctuates nonlinearly due to large temperature difference circumstances in thermal systems. Thus, the linear Boussinesq approximation is no longer relevant. Therefore, this article describes a multilayer flow of nanoliquids in the presence of nonlinear Boussinesq approximation. The hybrid nanoliquid layer is sandwiched between two nanoliquid layers. The single-phase khanafer-vafai-lightstone model is implemented to simulate the nanoliquids. The quadratic density temperature fluctuation and viscous heating are taken into account. The temperature and velocity across the interface are assumed to be continuous. The equations that govern the problem are solved analytically by using the differential transformation method. The results show that the presence of a hybrid nanoliquid layer affects the velocity and heat transfer properties of the nanofluid flow. Hybrid nanofluid can be used to achieve the desired multilayer flow properties of a nanofluid and its heat transfer properties. Further, the quadratic convection aspect increases the velocity distributions. 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC -
Utilization of IoT-Based Healthcare System and Vital Data Monitoring of patients
The next generation of technology, known as the Internet of Things (IoT), will provide a comprehensive system that connects different domains, functions, and innovations. With the increasing demand for elderly care due to the growing ageing population, health monitoring systems have become increasingly important. Continuous monitoring is required in ICU to monitor the health conditions of patients. In cases where patients are released from the hospital, they are advised to rest and observed for a certain period, and the IoT system is very helpful in such cases. This article primarily discusses the implementation of a precise autonomous medical facility management system using IoT. In the past, only current data was displayed, and the patients history could not be accessed. In this study, we propose an IoT-based healthcare system for continuous monitoring of a patients health conditions. The healthcare system focuses on measuring and monitoring various biological parameters of the patients body, such as heart rate, blood oxygen saturation level, and temperature, using a web server and an Android application. Doctors can continuously monitor the patients condition on their smart phones using the Android application. Moreover, the patients history will be stored on the web server, and doctors can access the information from anywhere without being physically present. RJPT All right reserved. -
Smart IOT driven system of multimodal emotion recognition system using deep learning /
Patent Number: 202241059619, Applicant: Dr.C.Rohith Bhat.
Signals received by one or more sensors and processed by a processor can contain features such as one or more audio, visual, linguistic, and physical features. One or more machine learning algorithms may be used to assess the audio, visual, linguistic, and bodily data, and the results may be used to infer an individual's emotional state. The most recent multimodal speech emotion identification techniques, with an emphasis on audio, text, and visual data. We offer a fresh, descriptive classification of approaches based on how they manage the dynamics of intra- and intramodality in the time dimension. -
Building smart cities applications using IOT and cloud-based architectures /
Patent Number: 202141058954, Applicant: A Narasima Venkatesh.The idea of a Smart City features the need to upgrade the quality, interconnection, and execution of different metropolitan administrations with the utilization of data and correspondence advancements (ICT). Savvy City advances advance cloud-based furthermore Internet of Things (IoT) based administrations in which genuine world UIs use cell phones, sensors and RFIDs. -
Cloud-enabled Diabetic Retinopathy Prediction System using optimized deep Belief Network Classifier
Diabetic retinopathy disease is one of the notorious metabolic disorders happens due to increase of blood sugar level in human body. In computer vision, images are recognized as the indispensable tool for precise prediction and diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, the proposed research study considers the fundus images of various patients containing the diabetic disease. Basic idea behind this research is to introduce a stochastic neighbor embedding (SNE) feature extraction approach for the sake of dimensional reduction and unnecessary noise removal from the fundus images. After feature extraction, the proposed optimized deep belief network (O-DBN) classifier model is capable of measuring the image features into various classes that gives the severity levels of diabetic retinopathy disease. Moreover, the proposed cloud-enabled diabetic retinopathy prediction system using the SNE feature extraction and O-DBN classification model could outperform the existing online prediction systems in terms of sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, prediction time and accuracy. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. -
Cost-enabled QoS aware task scheduling in the cloud management system
Maintaining the quality of service (QoS) related parameters is an important issue in cloud management systems. The lack of such QoS parameters discourages cloud users from using the services of cloud service providers. The proposed task scheduling algorithms consider QoS parameters such as the latency, make-span, and load balancing to satisfy the user requirements. These parameters cannot sufficiently guarantee the desired user experience or that a task will be completed within a predetermined time. Therefore, this study considered the cost-enabled QoS-aware task (job) scheduling algorithm to enhance user satisfaction and maximize the profit of commercial cloud providers. The proposed scheduling algorithm estimates the cost-enabled QoS metrics of the virtual resources available from the unified resource layer in real-time. Moreover, the virtual machine (VM) manager frequently updates the current state-of-the art information about resources in the proposed scheduler to make appropriate decisions. Hence, the proposed approach guarantees profit for cloud providers in addition to providing QoS parameters such as make-span, cloud utilization, and cloud utility, as demonstrated through a comparison with existing time-and cost-based task scheduling algorithms. 2021 - IOS Press. All rights reserved. -
Cloud service negotiation framework for real-time E-commerce application using game theory decision system
A major demanding issue is developing a Service Level Agreement (SLA) based negotiation framework in the cloud. To provide personalized service access to consumers, a novel Automated Dynamic SLA Negotiation Framework (ADSLANF) is proposed using a dynamic SLA concept to negotiate on service terms and conditions. The existing frameworks exploit a direct negotiation mechanism where the provider and consumer can directly talk to each other, which may not be applicable in the future due to increasing demand on broker-based models. The proposed ADSLANF will take very less total negotiation time due to complicated negotiation mechanisms using a third-party broker agent. Also, a novel game theory decision system will suggest an optimal solution to the negotiating agent at the time of generating a proposal or counter proposal. This optimal suggestion will make the negotiating party aware of the optimal acceptance range of the proposal and avoid the negotiation break off by quickly reaching an agreement. 2021 - IOS Press. All rights reserved. -
IoT-based smart healthcare video surveillance system using edge computing
Managing distributed smart surveillance system is identified as a major challenging issue due to its comprehensive aggregation and analysis of video information on the cloud. In smart healthcare applications, remote patient and elderly people monitoring require a robust response and alarm alerts from surveillance systems within the available bandwidth. In order to make a robust video surveillance system, there is a need for fast response and fast data analytics among connected devices deployed in a real-time cloud environment. Therefore, the proposed research work introduces the Cloud-based Object Tracking and Behavior Identification System (COTBIS) that can incorporate the edge computing capability framework in the gateway level. It is an emerging research area of the Internet of Things (IoT) that can bring robustness and intelligence in distributed video surveillance systems by minimizing network bandwidth and response time between wireless cameras and cloud servers. Further improvements are made by incorporating background subtraction and deep convolution neural network algorithms on moving objects to detect and classify abnormal falling activity monitoring using rank polling. Therefore, the proposed IoT-based smart healthcare video surveillance system using edge computing reduces the network bandwidth and response time and maximizes the fall behavior prediction accuracy significantly comparing to existing cloud-based video surveillance systems. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.