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Artificial Intelligence in Green Transportation: A Conceptual Review
[No abstract available] -
Longitudinal study on noncommunicable diseases using machine learning
This longitudinal case study thoroughly explores the intricate connection between body mass index (BMI) and four key factors: physical health, psychological well-being, lifestyle choices, and the impact of diet on health. Through the analysis of longitudinal data, notable trends emerge, revealing an increase in risk factors for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and unhealthy behaviors over time. This highlights the combined impact of these interconnected factors on health outcomes and the risk of developing NCDs like heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Leveraging machine learning, the study effectively identifies individuals at elevated risk for NCDs and dispels common health misconceptions, underscoring the significance of holistic wellness approaches. Serving as a beacon for the next generation, this study provides insights that contribute to shaping a healthier future. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Arun Kumar Rana, Vishnu Sharma, Sanjeev Kumar Rana, and Vijay Shanker Chaudhary; individual chapters, the contributors. All rights reserved. -
Framework based on IoT, AI, and blockchain for smart access to government agricultural schemes
Agriculture plays an important part in most countries, such as India. A survey says that 54.6% of the total labor force of India is engaged in agriculture and its connected activities. The government is announcing many schemes to facilitate agriculture and support farmers. But most of the farmers are from poor families and are not able to reach the government schemes when they are really in need. Also, it is required to observe and measure the inter and intra-field variability in crops to enjoy the complete benefits of government schemes. This can be done with the advancements in the field of the Internet of Things. Information related to the impact of natural calamities on the agricultural field, malfunctions in the machinery used for cropping, yielding level, and health status of crops can be measured using the technology of IoT (Internet of Things) and analyzed using AI (Artificial Intelligence). Blockchain plays a critical role in replacing traditional means of data storage and exchanging agricultural data with a more trustworthy, immutable, transparent, and decentralized approach. By keeping all the transactions related to government schemes in blockchain, the possible crimes in the form of false data by the intermediate dealers acting between the farmers and the government can be addressed. This, in turn, allows useful government schemes to reach the farmer in time. We propose to develop a theoretical model using IoT, AI, and blockchain, which can assist the farmers in benefitting from the appropriate schemes announced by the government in time and achieving precise agriculture. 2024 Bentham Science Publishers. All rights reserved. -
Security and privacy issues in existing biometric systems and solutions
[No abstract available] -
Integrated photonic devices for cancer detection
[No abstract available] -
Narratives of the self: Comments and confessions on Facebook
Narratives are structured around events, which are used to tell a story. The self is perpetually being constructed through narratives of experience. This chapter focuses on the phenomenon of Facebook confession pages and how they contribute to the construction of digital identity. Drawing on insights from my project on the role of Facebook College Confession pages, the chapter examines how these platforms have transformed the way users express and shape their identities. The anonymity provided by these pages allows users to post confessions without revealing their identities, encouraging a form of virtual self-exploration. These confessions, often written by nameless authors, generate a complex and ongoing narrative of identity, shaped by the interaction of multiple voices and viewpoints. The chapter also explores the motivations behind sharing personal confessions, even when the responses may be negative, and how this contributes to the perpetual construction of the digital self. By examining the intersection of public and private spheres in these online spaces, this chapter highlights how the breaking of the public-private divide enables users to create and negotiate their identities in a digital, networked world. The narrative constructed is endless, and the post is not an end in itself. It paves the way for the generation of an endless narrative by multiple authors with multiple viewpoints. This chapter explores the reasons behind sharing such posts on Facebook, even if the comments are negative in tone. It will refer to Anthony Giddens' concept of time-space "distanciation" (Keefer et al., 2019) to show how multiple tellers through their narratives help to build the complex networked identity of a user. The study will also analyse the role played by the breaking of the public-private divide in creating such spaces for the construction of a private self through public voices. 2024 Rimi Nandy. -
Silicon photonic modulators for high-speed applications-a review
[No abstract available] -
Digital platforms for business applications
[No abstract available] -
ASSESSING FIRMS ESG PERFORMANCE USING THE TOPSIS
Environment, social and governance (ESG) criteria are a quantum of a companys performance in the environmental, social and governance aspects. A companys worth may be determined not only by its earnings but also by its knowledge and sensitivity towards its stakeholders and society. The study aims to rank the companies and determine which company is superior based on ESG criteria. The authors employed the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) in this study. The companies are ranked with this standardized method comprehending which company is the best taking into consideration the various environmental, social and governance factors. The authors have evaluated four companies in the electric utilities and IPPs industry. The results of the study rank these four companies on the basis of ESG criteria. Interestingly, the rankings calculated for ESG criteria are identical to the rankings calculated by a well-known ESG rating agency. To the best of authors knowledge, this work is among the first to use the TOPSIS method to find rankings of the companies on the basis on ESG criteria. The work provides practical implications regarding convenient to use when finding ESG rankings for companies. This might be the most effective way for investors or other parties to learn which firm is the greatest for sustainable investing. 2025 by Palak Rathi, Ankit Nyati, Rushina Singhi and Anubha Srivastava. -
IoT networks: Integrated learning for privacy-preserving machine learning
Financial fraud is a persistent problem for consumers and financial institutions worldwide. It loses billions of dollars annually. Consequently, a strong fraud detection system (FDS) is essential to minimizing damage to financial institutions as well as clients. One common technique for spotting fraud is to use machine learning algorithms, which analyze large volumes of data to help with pattern detection and future prediction. It is difficult for a centralized FDS to detect fraud trends when these problems are coupled. To train a fraud detection model, this work presents a framework for federated learning, a machine-learning environment in which several entities collaborate to solve a machine-learning problem under the guidance of a central server or service provider. Also, the chapter examines how combined learning can be used to protect privacy in machine learning in Internet of Things systems. It focuses on four main calculations: federated averaging (FedAvg), secure aggregation, holomorphic encryption-based federated learning, and differential privacy in combined learning. Extensive experiments were carried out to evaluate these computations in terms of proving accuracy, conserving protection, and computing efficiency. The findings are shown in the results, with FedAvg achieving the highest accuracy of 92.5% and secure conglomeration demonstrating competitive precision levels of 91.8%. Calculations for differential privacy and holomorphic encryption demonstrated strong security conservation with very little data leakage and security parameters of 2.5 and 1.0, respectively. With little communication overhead and the ability to alter accuracy and conserve protection, secure aggregation emerged as a potential configuration. The computational productivity assessments revealed that secure accumulation produced little communication overhead despite its strong security conservation, which makes it suitable for IoT scenarios with limited resources. By using this tactic, financial institutions may avoid sharing datasets and benefit from a shared model that has seen more fraud than any one bank has on its own. Thus, the sensitive data of the user is protected. The results of the chapter indicate that the federated model (federated averaging) may be as good as or better than the central model (multi-layer perceptron) in detecting financial fraud. This chapter adds to the growing conversation around mixed learning in the Internet of Things by providing insights into the trade-offs between accuracy, security, and efficacy and by laying the groundwork for future developments in privacy-preserving machine learning standards. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Ahmed A. Elngar, Diego Oliva and Valentina E. Balas. All rights reserved. -
Role of ICT in harnessing poverty reduction: An empirical study using an ARDL approach
The catalytic role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in poverty reduction has been examined in this chapter, in line with the United Nation's first Sustainable Development Goal (SDG-1). This study focuses on the impact of ICT variables such as individuals using the internet, population covered by a mobile-cellular network, mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions, and international bandwidth usage, on poverty alleviation using relevant data covering countries worldwide from 2010 to 2022. Employing the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method, the study examines both short-run dynamics and long-run effects of ICT interventions towards achieving SDG-1. Results reveal a stronger relationship between internet usage and poverty reduction, alongside a counterintuitive finding showing a negative coefficient for international bandwidth usage. The findings of the study emphasize the pivotal role of internet usage and international bandwidth usage in poverty mitigation. Further, as evidenced by data findings, any immediate changes in the ICT indicators such as international bandwidth usage, population covered by a mobile network, mobile telephone subscriptions may not affect the poverty levels in the short term. The results of the study posit the policymakers to acknowledge the impact of internet usage in alleviating poverty among the world countries. The study reckons that improvement of internet infrastructure and enhancement of digital literacy initiatives via increased internet usage has the potential to harness poverty reduction. 2025 A. Jose Anand and Saravanan Krishnan. All rights reserved. -
Implementation of AI in manufacturing industries a case study
Artificial intelligence (AI) is getting progressively integrated into nearly every facet of our existence. Its applications are ubiquitous and ever-evolving, spanning fields such as autonomous vehicles, geology, medicine, and art. AI has, however, posed as many questions as it has answered. These include the definition and application of the technology (viz., assisted, augmented, or independent intellect), the question of whether computers are thinking machines similarly to humans, the wider implications of the impact of automation on society, and the unexpected moral and principled quandaries. This chapter provides an overview of artificial intelligence in manufacturing intended for executives in manufacturing and industrial companies who want to integrate AI into their business. Its main objective is to apply AI to the engineering, testing, and production stages of the manufacturing value chain. The goal is to discuss business applications that technology, data, and automated processes can support, and how the appropriate personnel, organizational structure, and culture can support them. This article discusses current advancements, poses problems, asks questions, and attempts to bring cutting-edge concepts and research closer to business. 2025 Mohamed Arezki Mellal. All rights reserved. -
Violence Prevention Climate and Turnover Intention: Mediating Role of Spirit at Work and Emotional Exhaustion
Workplace violence is a costly organizational problem. Violence prevention, incorporating employee perspectives on safe working policies, is crucial. A safe environment can enhance spirit at work, reducing burnout and turnover intention. This study investigates the relationship between violence prevention climate, emotional exhaustion, spirit at work, and turnover intention. Standardized tools were administered to 146 IT professionals aged 30-40 years. Results showed violence prevention climate positively correlated with spirit at work (r = 0.39; p < 0.001) and negatively with emotional exhaustion (r = -0.40; p < 0.001) and turnover intention (r = -0.35; p < 0.001). Emotional exhaustion mediated the relationship between violence prevention climate and turnover intention (b = -0.23; p < 0.001), while spirit at work did not show mediation. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Dr. Sundeep Katevarapu, Dr. Anand Pratap Singh, Dr. Priyanka Tiwari, Ms. Akriti Varshney, Ms. Priya Lanka, Ms. Aankur Pradhan, Dr. Neeraj Panwar, Dr. Kumud Sapru Wangnue; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Blockchain for Enhancing Security and Privacy in the Smart Healthcare
The rapid digitalization of healthcare systems and the growing integration of smart technologies have made robust security and patient privacy protection critical concerns. Traditional healthcare systems struggle with maintaining the confidentiality, integrity, and accessibility of sensitive patient data. This section explores how blockchain technology can serve as a transformative solution to address these challenges and elevate security and privacy standards in smart healthcare environments. Blockchain, a decentralized and tamper-resistant distributed ledger technology, offers a novel approach to secure data sharing and storage. In the realm of smart healthcare, blockchain can establish a transparent and immutable record of patient information, medical history, and treatment plans, ensuring data integrity by thwarting unauthorized modifications and tampering. The cryptographic features inherent in blockchain provide a strong basis for safeguarding patient privacy. Smart contracts, which are programmable and self-executing scripts on the blockchain, enable precise access control, permitting only authorized entities to access specific patient data. Additionally, the utilization of decentralized identifiers (DIDs) and verifiable credentials enhances patient identity management, mitigating the risks of identity theft and unauthorized access. This section also delves into case studies and ongoing initiatives leveraging blockchain in smart healthcare applications. From electronic health records (EHRs) and interoperability to medical supply chain management, the adoption of blockchain technology showcases promising outcomes in enhancing security, transparency, and privacy. Various challenges and potential drawbacks of implementing blockchain in healthcare are also explored in this section. In conclusion, the integration of blockchain technology in smart healthcare holds significant potential for transforming data security and privacy practices. As the healthcare sector embraces digital evolution, understanding the implications and advantages of blockchain becomes crucial for constructing resilient and patient-centric healthcare ecosystems. 2024 Scrivener Publishing LLC. -
Bridging the Digital Chasm: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Digital Divide in Shaping Healthcare Professionals
Industry 5.0 has ushered in a transformative era for the healthcare industry, propelling it towards a digitally empowered ecosystem. This paradigm shift underscores the indispensability of integrating advanced digital technologies into healthcare, not merely as an option but as a crucial necessity. This research delves into the profound impact of Industry 5.0 on healthcare, emphasizing the intersection of digital technologies, patient-centric care, and sustainable practices. Central to the investigation is the digital divide, which manifests as a catalytic intrusion into the healthcare sector's digital landscape. Regardless of demographic considerations among healthcare providers, the existing digital divide manifests in varying levels of access, skill, and offline outcomes and benefits. Our study meticulously explores the intricate dynamics of the digital divide within healthcare professionals, highlighting its influence on micro-level patient experience. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Role of Triguna Personality Towards Emotional Expression in Relation to Emotional Regulation
With the changing times, people are more aware of their emotions regarding how to express and regulate them. The present generation is more active and expressive than the previous generation as they understand the significance of emotions in ones life. The body of literature claims that a person with better emotional understanding and expression is expected to have meaningful emotional regulation irrespective of the generation they represent. Traditional Indian Philosophy defines three essential characteristics, Sattva (purity, harmony), Rajas (activity, passion), and Tamas (resistance, darkness), that influence human behavior and experience. The degree to which one of the gunas predominates in an individual, to that extent, we characterize that person with that guna. The complicated interactions between Trigunas personality, emotional expression, and emotional regulation are examined. Considering the available facts, the present research focuses on exploring the association between emotional expression and emotion regulation strategies and the effect of the triguna personality in it, across two generations within the family. To accomplish this, a cross-sectional research design will be used to explore the generational difference, followed by a correlational research design to study the associations among variables for participants within each group. Participants would include the parents (mothers, 45 to 50 years) and their children (siblings, 18 to 24 years). The data was collected from 30 families. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Dr. Sundeep Katevarapu, Dr. Anand Pratap Singh, Dr. Priyanka Tiwari, Ms. Akriti Varshney, Ms. Priya Lanka, Ms. Aankur Pradhan, Dr. Neeraj Panwar, Dr. Kumud Sapru Wangnue; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Artificial Intelligence Empowered Smart Manufacturing for Modern Society: A Review
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in the realm of smart manufacturing, shaping the landscape of modern society. This paper delves into the application of AI in smart manufacturing and its profound impact on various aspects of society, from industrial processes to daily life. We discuss how AI-driven technologies optimize efficiency, sustainability, and quality in manufacturing, enabling Society 5.0s vision of a harmonious convergence between technology and humanity. From intelligent automation to predictive analytics and personalized experiences, we uncover the multifaceted role of AI in shaping the future of smart manufacturing and its broader implications for a modern, interconnected society. 2024 Scrivener Publishing LLC. -
Exploring the Impact of Disengagement on the Burnout Among ICU Nurses of Indian Private Hospitals: The Influence of Perceived Organization Support
Among healthcare workers, the nursing workforce has a high intensity of burnout which occurs as a response to the pressure they face at their workplace. Burnout in nursing professionalsis a widespread phenomenon characterized by a reduction in nurses energy that manifests in emotional exhaustion, lack of encouragement, and feelings of frustration and may lead to a decrease in work efficacy. This is a significant issue in human services that needs to be addressed.Several studies have been done on nurses; however, burnout in Indian ICU nurses has not received much attention. Intensive Care Units are specialized hospital areas requiring constant attention and vigorous patient care. Studies state that ICU nurses have to be more alert due to the severity of the illness in patients. Nurses in ICUs face many challenges at work which could lead to burnout. Disengagement is one such factor that might lead to burnout in nurses. When people experience disengagement, they feel detached from their workplace. Previous studies indicate that due to pandemic experiences, nurses are disengaging at a rate twice that of other healthcare staff. The challenging demands of their work have significantly affected the nurse's psychological wellness and overall health. Limited studies have been done on ICU nurse disengagement and its effect on burnout in Indian settings. Therefore, the study aims to examine how nurse disengagement affects the burnout they experience. Healthcare organizations must prioritize the support to be extended and care for the nurses well-being to prevent further disengagement. Nurses may become more committed to the organization when they feel supported by hospital administrators and have lighter workloads. This paper focuses on exploring the consequences of disengagement on burnout experienced by ICU nurses and the influence of Perceived Organizational Support (POS) between them. The sample used for the study was 449 nurses working in the ICU divisions of private hospitals in India. This study employed a simple random sampling technique. A survey was utilized and distributed to the nursing professionals working in the ICU divisions. The commonly recognized aspects of burnout are emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal achievement. The study results indicated that disengagement has no impact on the emotional exhaustion experienced by ICU nurses. However, it influences depersonalization and nurses achievement. The study results state that POS moderated the relationship between disengagement and the two burnout aspects: depersonalization and personal achievement. From the findings, it may be concluded that perceived organizational support is crucial in encouraging greater personal accomplishment, reduced depersonalization, and bringing about positive change for disengaged ICU nurses. Better organizational support for ICU nurses becomes a critical responsibility of nursing administration. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
From Beans to Business: A Rise of Coffee Preneurs in Kodagu, Karnataka
Coffee is the world's third most consumed beverage after water and tea. India stands at the 7th position as the largest coffee exporter globally, with a significant contribution of 72.5% from Karnataka and 33% from Kodagu alone. This region plays a crucial role in the country's coffee industry, making it a vital component of India's economy, and 80% of the residents of Kodagu rely on coffee cultivation for their livelihood. Coffee farming is considered an annual crop that requires the generated income to be cycled to the subsequent year's coffee cultivation. Planters face numerous challenges during their production, which forces them to sell or convert their agricultural lands into concrete lands (buildings) or convert them into resorts, thereby changing their occupation, which makes coffee sustainability questionable. Therefore, coffee farmers have recently adopted an entrepreneurial approach to augment their income sources and support their livelihoods and occupations. This study aims to assess the key drivers of coffee farmers opting for entrepreneurial activities to assist coffee farming in Kodagu, Karnataka. This study has revealed that additional income, passion for farming, business skills, available resources, opportunity, satisfaction, innovation, creativity, unfair market prices, education, and socialising platforms are the key determining factors for coffee farmers to choose entrepreneurship. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.