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A study on key determinants of economic growth during pre and post reform periods in india
Schumpeter says that economic life is a process of growth and change, meaning newlinedevelopment . The process involves interplay of forces or factors of production, viz. land, labour and capital. The understanding of economic growth has improved enormously in recent years. There has been a much greater understanding of the interrelated laws governing the growth of population, the pace of capital accumulation, the rate of technological innovation in an environment characterised by relative scarcity of natural newlineresources. The major determinants of Indian economic growth, identified in this study in terms of their influence on productivity of different sectors are physical capital formation, technological progress, human capital formation, increase in labour force, foreign investment and trade openness. newlineThere are some notable features associated with economic growth in India. One, it is found that the structural adjustments leading to foreign capital inflow and trade openness have fuelled the economic growth in India after economic reforms in 1991. Two, it is observed that exports and imports play a significant role in determining economic growth in India in the post reform period. Three, despite the new growth there are issues like imbalances with regard to employment, manufacturing base, social newlineindicators etc., even as India strives to enhance competitiveness, competence and global relevance. newlineIt is in this context that the present study looks into the major issues and challenges related to the changes in the sectoral composition of economic growth in India over time. It also attempts to identify and discuss the influence of key determinants of economic growth in the pre and post reform periods in India. In this context, it is very crucial to study how different sectors influence the overall growth of a country at various points of its growth trajectory. newlineInterestingly, the analysis shows that the services sector growth has become the highlight of India s changing growth pattern in the post reform era. -
Modern Technology Usage for Education Field during COVID-19: Statistical Analysis
The COVID-19 pandemic has had vast effects on the concept of education as a whole. During the pandemic, students had no access to physical teaching practices, which had been adapted worldwide as the principal way of education since the 1800's. Due to the restrictions imposed to garner safety from the spread of the virus, this methodology had to be modified based on the situation at hand. Alternatives through the usage of Virtual Learning Platforms (VLP), Online Tutoring Platforms (OTP), Web Conferencing Platforms (WCP) and multiple assessment tools like plagiarism checker, poll sites, quiz platforms, online proctored examinations (OPE) started gaining popularity among all institutes to cope with the limitations levied. The technologies molded a path for student-teacher interaction, performance assessments, document sharing and online tutoring. This research highlights the lack of online tutoring equipment, educators' limited expertise with online learning, the knowledge gap, a inimical atmosphere for independent study, equity, and academic success in postsecondary learning. The goal of this review is to present an overview of available technologies for online teaching that can be used to improve the quality of education during COVID-19. 2022 IEEE. -
Impact of monetary policy changes on the Indian stock market and monetary market
Since the stock market is perceived as the channel of transmissions of monetary policy, it is worthy to study the relationship between the Monetary Policy and the volatility of stock prices in the stock market. This study has been conducted with the aim to examine the impact of monetary policy changes on the stock market. The variance methodology is applied in order to achieve the objective of this study. The concept of event window in the methodology involved as the identification of volatility of price in the stock market for11 days (i.e. 5 days before and after event day). The result shows that there is a positive influence on stock market because of change in money policy by the government. The results identified in this work having a signification amount of managerial implication to the different segment of the policy makers in Government, and Stock Market. 2019 Islamic Azad University. -
Theoretical performance evaluation of linear impairments in optical WDM networks with ITU-T defined fibers
This article investigates the performance degradation, in terms of Quality-factor (Q-factor), due to the combined effect of linear impairments, in an optical Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) star network using various ITU-T compliant fibers (G.652, G. 652D, G. 653, G. 654 and G.655), based on the optical frequency grid defined by the ITU-T Recommendation G.692. The simulation results obtained through the developed mathematical model show that in presence of the deleterious effects of the combined linear impairments, compared to other fiber types, Q-factor performance of a G.653 and G.654 fiber is the 'best' and 'worst'. The results also verify that with the use of a fiber having high value of dispersion and attenuation, it may not be possible to obtain the desired performance. 2016 IEEE. -
Influence of acculturation on the ambition level of second and third generation migrants of Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Andaman and Nicobar Islands witnessed migration from 1857 during the penal settlement plan of the British Government followed by Independent migration after 1947. Government extended certain facilities to the migrants like job reservation, easy access to government jobs in the Islands, reservation for higher education etc during the 50's, 60's and 70's. Population of the Islands have now reached to an alarming level and the facilities and opportunities have shrunk down, yet people have not changed their mindset rather anything related to their ambition remain in and around the Islands only. This study aims to understand how acculturation has influenced the ambition level of the 2nd and 3rd generation migrants of the Islands. The study proposes to follow the methodology based on grounded theory. Using Theoretical sampling method, second and third generation migrants of the Islands were recruited. Individual interview sessions, lasting approximately 45 to 90 minutes were conducted with the participants to know how acculturation has impacted their ambition level. The transcripts of the interviews were thematically analysed with the help of NVivo 10. The attachment of the migrants to the Islands, their preference about education and ambition and cultural aspect were found to be the major aspects in shaping of ambition of the second and third generation migrants of the Islands. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology. -
Acculturation and adaptation experiences of third generation adolescent migrants of andaman and nicobar islands
Andaman and Nicobar Islands saw movement from 1857 amid the reformatory settlement design of the British Government followed by Independent relocation after 1947. The relocation makes a heritage of acculturation and adaptation experiences of the migrants and their descendants. The administration stretched out certain facilities to the migrants like job reservation, simple access to government jobs in the Islands, reservation for higher education and so forth amid the 50's, 60's and 70's. The number of inhabitants in the Islands has now come to a disturbing level and the facilities and opportunities have contracted down, yet individuals have not changed their outlook rather and for them, everything stays in and around the Islands. This study aims to understand the acculturation and adaptation experiences of the third generation adolescent migrants of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The study proposes to follow the methodology based on grounded theory. Using Theoretical sampling method, third generation adolescent migrants of the Islands were recruited for the study. The average age of the participants recruited for this study is 18.6 years with 83% of them are male and the remaining 17% are female. Individual interview sessions, lasting approximately 45 to 90 minutes were conducted with the participants to know how their acculturation and adaptation experiences. The transcripts of the interviews were thematically analyzed with the help of Nvivo 10. The transcripts were dissected and 1950 codes from 7903 text segments which became the main foundation for the analysis of data. The codes were further reduced into 54 basic themes, again into 21 organizing themes and finally into 05 global themes. The process of acculturation, psychological adaptation, socio-cultural adaptation, influencing factors and academic aspiration were the global themes which became the building block for five thematic networks addressing the main and specific objectives of the study. The findings showed that the adolescent migrants of the islands settled in the islands by adopting the integration or assimilation technique. The migrants who initially opted for the integration strategy later moved to the assimilation strategy in the adaptation process. The migrants through social incorporation look for a social identity in the islands and furthermore mirrors a feeling of confidence in the islands setting making them all the more psychologically adjusted contrasted with sociocultural adjustment. Parental impact and the acquisition of the dialect Hindustani encourage their expectation to remain in the islands itself for higher education and job. The findings on the relationship between acculturation and adaptation, academic aspiration and career self-efficacy reveal that lack of educational facilities and the incompetence in the existing educational facilities takes the migrants in a state of confusion. The expectations of the migrants are seen to be in conflict, which makes them hesitant to leave the islands for higher education or employment. The interconnectedness between all these leads the adolescent migrants to assert their identity in relation with their attachment to the islands and prefers to be confined to the islands. Findings highlight the pattern and influencing factors of acculturation and adaptation experiences of the third generation adolescent migrants of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and its impact on their academic aspiration and career self-efficacy. The findings have implications for professionals and scholars who work with migrant adolescents, stakeholders of the islands for framing policies benefitting the adolescent migrants, especially in higher education policy. Suggestions for future research are also included. -
Women in tourism: Gender bias and constraints
Tourism could be spending time away from home in search of leisure, relaxation, and pleasure while utilizing the commercial provision of services. The capacity of tourism to improve livelihoods by re- ducing poverty, guarantee or enhance environmental sustainability, and promote gender equality and women's empowerment are some of its strongestpoints. "Women's empowerment" can mean a variety of things, such as respecting women's opinion, making an effort to find them, and improving women's status through training, awareness, and education. They may have the chance to redefine gender norms and other similar roles, giving them more flexibility to pursue their objectives. The main aim of the chapter is to identify the major challenges faced by women in the tourism sector, the ways to overcome constraints, gender stereotypes, and the social stigmas while they juggle between multiple responsibili- ties. With this chapter, the authors aim to gain more knowledge more specifically on how women can be empowered in the tourism and hospitality sector. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Excited state intramolecular proton transfer dual emission Schiff bases for metal detection and cell imaging
Fluorescent probes incorporating the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) phenomenon have emerged as versatile tools in scientific research. These probes exhibit dual emission, resulting from the unique transfer of a proton within the molecule upon excitation. This property makes ESIPT-based Schiff bases highly attractive for metal detection, cell imaging, and sensing biologically important molecules. In metal detection, the spectral changes of ESIPT-based Schiff bases upon interaction with metal ions enable the development of sensitive and selective sensors. For cell imaging, their photophysical properties make them ideal for labeling cellular components and facilitating multicolor imaging. In sensing biomolecules, ESIPT-based Schiff bases offer selective detection of interactions and enzymatic activities. Integration of these probes holds great promise for applications in environmental monitoring, biomedical research, and healthcare. This review focuses on the photoluminescent properties and application of ESIPT dual emission Schiff bases for sensing of metal ions, biologically relevant molecules and cell imaging. 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
A Multi-Stimuli responsive organic luminogen with aggregation induced emission for the selective detection of Zn2+ ions in solution and solid state
Organic luminogens capable of excited state intramolecular electron transfer (ESIPT) have drawn prodigious attraction due to their enhanced emission in solid-state. A novel Schiff base molecule, 3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzylidenenicotinohydrazide (DHN) exhibited stimuli-induced reversible fluorescence switching and selective binding propensity towards zinc in aqueous media, and the concentration-dependent studies showed a limit of detection of 9.135 nM. DHN was found to be weakly fluorescent in polar solvents with a quantum yield ranging between 0.0365 and 0.0789 but exhibited a very strong fluorescence in solid state (?exc = 370 nm) due to aggregation induced emission (AIE). The ESIPT fluorophore renders significant reversible halochromic properties in solution and solid-state. In addition, utilizing the solid-state fluorescence, we have prepared PVA-probe green-emitting composite films, which can be used for the on-site detection of Zn2+ in aqueous media. The practical applicability of DHN was proven by detecting Zn2+ in real drug samples. Finally, the ESIPT fluorophore was used for fluorescent imaging of intracellular zinc in the cells acquired from the nervous tissue of rats (N2a). The investigations carried out highlight the versatility of ESIPT Schiff bases used for the development of multi-responsive fluorescent materials for selective sensing of metal ions in both solid and solution states. 2022 Elsevier B.V. -
Excitation dependent emissive multi stimuli responsive ESIPT organic luminogen for monitoring sea food freshness
Excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) organic luminophores with excitation wavelength-dependent color tunability have drawn significant attention due to their exceptional photoluminescent properties in solution and solid state. A novel salicylaldehyde-based Schiff's base molecule, (E)-N'-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide (BHN) exhibited stimuli (excitation wavelength and pH) induced changes in fluorescence properties which was utilised for applications like trace level water sensing in organic solvents (THF, acetone and DMF), detection and quantification of biogenic amines and anticounterfeiting. In the solution state, BHN rendered a ratiometric detection and quantification of ammonia, diethylamine and trimethylamine, which is further supported by DFT studies. The photoluminescent response of BHN towards various biogenic amines was later utilised to monitor shrimp freshness. The investigation carried out highlights the potential versatility of ESIPT hydrazones, which renders multi stimuli responsive behaviour that can be utilised for water sensing, anticounterfeiting and the detection and quantification of biogenic amines. 2023 Elsevier Ltd -
Fungi-Templated Silver Nanoparticle Composite: Synthesis, Characterization, and Its Applications
The self-assembly of nanoparticles on living bio-templates is a promising synthetic methodology adopted for synthesizing nano/microstructures with high efficiency. Therefore, the method of bio-templating offers various advantages in controlling the geometries of nano/microstructures, thereby increasing the efficiency of the synthesized material towards various functional applications. Herein, we utilized a filamentous fungus (Sclerotium rolfsii) as a soft bio-template to generate silver nanoparticle (AgNP) microtubules adhering to the fungal hyphae. The resulting composite combines the unique properties of silver nanoparticles with the biological activity of the fungi. The 3D fungal hyphaesilver nanoparticle (FH-AgNP) composite was characterized using SEM, elemental analysis, and the X-ray diffraction technique. Additionally, to highlight the functional application of the synthesized composite, dye degradation studies of methylene blue under visible light was effectuated, and a percentage degradation of 67.86% was obtained within 60 min, which highlights the potent catalytic activity of FH-AgNPs in dye degradation. Further, the antibacterial study of the composite was carried out against the bacterium Escherichia coli, and it was found that 200 ?g of the composite exhibited maximum antibacterial properties against Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Overall, fungi-templated silver nanoparticle composites are a promising area of research due to their combination of biological activity and unique physical and chemical properties. 2023 by the authors. -
Templating motifs of molecular axles in hydrogen bonding [2]rotaxanes: Synthesis and applications
In [2]rotaxanes, hydrogen bonding interactions are found to be one of the prominent factors driving the templation of the macrocycle to the molecular axle. Several hydrogen bonding templating moieties like amides, hydrazones, nitrones, and squaraines have been incorporated into the molecular axle and the macrocycle for generating hydrogen bonding [2]rotaxanes. This review focuses on the design and synthetic strategy adopted in rendering various molecular axles, which can be used to generate [2]rotaxanes for numerous applications. Moreover, a detailed description is provided with suitable mechanistic insights about the utilization of hydrogen bonding [2]rotaxanes in applications like molecular motors, organic synthesis, and catalysis. 2022 Elsevier Ltd -
UV-Promoted Metal- and Photocatalyst-Free Direct Conversion of Aromatic Aldehydes to Nitriles
Abstract: An efficient, simple, and catalyst-free UV-induced functional group transformation of aromatic aldehydes to nitriles has been reported. The developed strategy delivers various functionalized aromatic nitriles with high yields and purity. The UV irradiation activates the carbonyl group of aldehydes and leads to the formation of aldoxime intermediate, further resulting in the generation of nitriles. The striking highlights of the reported methodology are simple reaction conditions, good yields, UV-promoted transformation, and catalyst-free synthesis. Due to the above-mentioned advantages, the methodology provides a whip hand toward environmentally friendly chemical synthesis. 2022, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. -
Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) salicylaldehyde Schiff bases: ratiometric sensing of ammonia and biologically relevant ions in solution and solid state
The intricate molecular architecture of ESIPT salicylaldehyde Schiff bases facilitates dynamic processes, inducing tunable photoluminescent properties. Notably, their halochromic nature, exhibiting colour changes in response to external stimuli, adds a vibrant dimension to their molecular repertoire. This sensitivity extends to environmental factors, making them valuable indicators for alterations in surroundings. The compound (E)-N-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-methylbenzohydrazide (PTBH) demonstrates exceptional sensitivity to ammonia, enabling real-time detection (LOD = 0.14 nM) in both solution (ratiometric) and the solid state. Moreover, their metal chelation capability allows simultaneous sensing of Mg2+ and Fe2+ ions, addressing environmental hazards. Exploiting molecular recognition, the fluorescent probe serves as sensors for amino acids, opening new avenues in biomedical diagnostics. The study introduces a novel solid-state emissive Schiff base, highlighting its stimuli-responsive photoluminescent properties and diverse applications, emphasising its potential in intelligent fluorescent materials for analytical and sensing technologies. 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Deep Convolutional Neural Network Driven Interpolation Filter for High Efficiency Video Coding
Research in video coding has gained significant importance in recent years, driven by the increasing demand for multimedia transmission. High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) has emerged as a prominent standard in this field. Interpolation is a crucial aspect of HEVC, particularly when using fixed half-pel interpolation filters derived from traditional signal processing techniques. In recent times, there has been an exploration of interpolation filters that are based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Conventional signal processing techniques are used in traditional HEVC methods to employ fixed half-pel interpolation filters. Recent advancements have delved into the application of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to enhance interpolation performance. Our proposed method utilises a sophisticated CNN architecture specifically crafted to extract valuable features from low-resolution image patches and accurately predict high-resolution images. The network consists of multiple layers of CNN blocks, which utilise 1 and 3 convolutional kernels to enable efficient and thorough feature extraction through parallel processing. This architecture improves computational efficiency and greatly enhances prediction accuracy The suggested interpolation filter shows a 2.38% enhancement in bitrate savings, as evaluated by the BD-rate metric, specifically in the low delay P configuration. This highlights the potential of deep learning techniques in improving video coding efficiency. 2024 The authors. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). -
Deep CNN Based Interpolation Filter for High Efficiency Video Coding
Video coding is a current focus in research area as the world focus more on multimedia transfer. High Efficiency Video Coding (HECV) is prominent among existing one. The interpolation in HEVC with fixed half-pel interpolation filter uses fixed interpolation filter derived from traditional signal processing methods. Some research came up with CNN based interpolation filter too, here we are proposing a deep learning-based interpolation filter to perform interpolation in inter prediction in HEVC. The network extracts the low-resolution image and extract the patch and feature in that to predict a high-resolution image. The network is trained to predict the HR image for the given patch, it can be repeated to generate the full frame in the HEVC. The system uses cleave approach to reduce the computational complexity. The trained network is validated and tested for different inputs. The results show an improvement of 2.38% in BD-bitrate saving for low delay configuration. 2024 IEEE. -
Biosynthesized AG nanoparticles: A promising pathway for bandgap tailoring
The unrivaled features and prospective applications promote graphene as a potent contender for next-generation nanodevices. But the realization of a tunable bandgap structure for zero-bandgap graphene at all times persists as a dilemma. In this work, a green approach is adopted for the bandgap modulation of graphene oxide (GO). The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were introduced into the graphene matrix, and hence the bandgap was tailored for the formation of a semiconductor composite. The bare GO that has got a bandgap of 3.41 eV was tuned to 2.33 eV on the addition of AgNPs. The preparation of AgNPs using fruit extract of cyanococcus make the process greener, safer, and cost-effective. This paper intends to open a new venture towards the environment safe synthesis of semiconductor nanocomposite necessitate for optoelectronic and photovoltaic technologies. 2020 by the authors. -
A Smart Internet of Things (IoT) Enabled Agricultural Farming System
Industry 4.0 has brought about a profound revolution in recent times. This advancement profoundly impacted technology usage in every aspect and has significantly improved businesses. Agriculture is one of the evergreen economic contributors to Indias GDP. With improvements in adaptability in this sector, the time is ripe for instituting IoT (Internet of Things)-based smart agriculture. Water scarcity and drastic climate change are real issues affecting crop yields, leading to the failure in the timely fulfillment of market demand (Nawandar 2019). The authors have collaborated to address these concerns by creating a system comprising a functional hardware prototype and an android application for regulating irrigation and temperature. The introduction of IoT (Internet of Things) automates crop monitoring and reduces labor costs. By using IoT, (Internet of Things) an earmarked agricultural field is covered with sensors. The sensors are concealed so as not to be affected by the bleakness of the external environment. These sensors work in tandem with drip irrigation following the sensed climatic conditions. The water is pumped directly to the root zone in an optimally sensed manner. The authors developed and tested the system successfully in a greenhouse system. The process initially aims to extract the values of soil parameters by using IoT (Internet of Things) sensors and appropriately control the watering of crops, thus enabling the cultivation of crops even in a hot and dry climate. Crops can be irrigated from a remote location and their temperature can be meticulously regulated to ensure they remain within an optimal range. Water utilization for agricultural crops is optimized with the use of automated irrigation systems that use W.S.N (Wireless - Sensor-Networks) and G.P.R.S (General-Packet-Radio-Service) modules. The algorithm employed in the system to control water usage is based on the needs of the crop and the terrain. The entire system is powered by photovoltaic panels, which are useful in rural and isolated areas without electricity (Raut and Shere 2014). A cellular network is used for duplex communication. Continuous monitoring and irrigation schedule programming are used by web apps to manage irrigation. This is also possible using a browser and web pages. A system with three identical automatic irrigation systems can save water use by up to 90%. 2024 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. -
Innovative constraints formulation in timetable planning for efficient resource allocation in academic institutions
Many developing nations still rely on manual timetable scheduling in academic institutions, leading to inefficiencies. However, advancements in technology have introduced software solutions such as FET (free evolutionary timetabling) to automate the process. In a study, the authors successfully implemented FET to automate timetable creation at a university, reducing the time required from days to seconds. Scheduling in universities with elective courses poses challenges, includingavailable rooms, faculty availability, and guest lecturers. The authors propose a unique timetable generation process that considers post-pandemic social distancing measures. This process addresses various complex constraints faced by academic institutions and holds potential for reopening institutions in a cautious manner following the pandemic. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Learning analytics for academic management system enhancement: A participatory action research in an Indian context
A common thread noted in many academic management system implementations was the stagnation and deterioration of their usage after the initial hype. This action research study was aimed at addressing this decline in a higher education institute after undertaking a reflective analysis of the waning usage patterns and taking appropriate initiatives to enhance their usage. The authors have attempted this as participants driving the change. As change agents, the academic management system implementation was advanced to move closer to a stage where the committed use occurred and intended benefits were realised. Several initiatives were introduced to propel this change. The scope of this article was confined to gauging the impact of the trigger factors; memos, and training on the academic management system usage. Their effects were measured by applying learning analytics to various sources of usage and performance data. This further led to analysing the relationship between usage and performance of the stakeholders; students, and faculty. 2021 British Educational Leadership, Management & Administration Society (BELMAS).